• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.619-627
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• 2004

Purposes of this study were to examine closely the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which was a membrane fouling contaminant, to control detected EPS by powdered activated carbon (PAC) dosage etc. and to evaluate the possibility of practical reuse facility. With high removal efficiency of general pollutants, when the PAC is added to MBR, improvement of removal efficiency of $COD_{cr}$, and color was expected and treated wastewater can be reused. It was judged that the correlation between EPS and membrane fouling was very high. Carbohydrate and DNA in the EPS were judged to be cause of membrane fouling. If EPS could be controled, not only membrane fouling would be decreased but also operation time would be extended. In experiment of powdered activated carbon (PAC), characteristics of the best PAC for membrane fouling control were the particle size of $7{\mu}m$, lodine Number of 1,050, surface area of peat of $1,150m^2/g$. In lab test, operation time of MBR by PAC dosage of 200mg/gVSS was longer than one of MBR by without PAC dosage. Because EPS, especially carbohydrate and DNA, was controled successfully by PAC, membrane fouling in MBR could be decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2005

In this research, we tried to combine the coagulation/sedimentation process as pre-treatment with UF membrane filtration to reduce the membrane fouling and to improve the permeate water quality. We used the Jet Mixed Separator (JMS) as coagulation/sedimentation process. We observed that the HPC and E.Coli can't be removed through the direct UF memebrane filtation of surface water. The removal efficiency of dissolved organic substances, indicated by E260 and DOC, was 40% and 15%, respectively. However, the removal efficiency of it increased two time as a result of combination of JMS process as coagulation/sedimentation pre-treatment. This was resulted from the formation of high molecular humic micro-floc through JMS process. The accumulation amount of irreversible cake layer which was not removed by backwashing was less than direct UF membrane filtration of surface water. Moreover, the loading rate of fouling induced substances, such as humic substances and suspended substances, on membrane surface decreased drastically through JMS process. As a result, the accumulation amount of irreversible cake on membrane surface was decreased.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.787-796
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate CSOs(combined sewer overflows) control in the combined sewer with/without separation wall. There is the high correlation between sewage velocity and suspended solid(SS) loading in the sewer without it. The SS/BOD ratio was about 3 times in the area with it, while it was about 5 times in the area without it. Therefore, the accumulated deposit within the sewer has influenced high SS loading in the sewer without it. This study showed that the separation wall installed acquired an acceptable efficiency in controlling the accumulated deposit in the combined sewer. According to this study, the BOD control effect was about 38 % in the sewer with the separation wall, whereas it showed about 24 % in the sewer without it. In this case, it was anticipated that the high pollutant control effect would be expected if the separation wall was installed in the combined sewer.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.93-104
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• 2020

As water resources are limited and legal regulations are strengthened, there is a growing need to reuse residuals in WTP(Water Treatment Plant). In this study, membrane filtration system was constructed and its operation method was studied for water quality stabilization and reuse of WTP residuals. The operation parameters were stable for 1 year and 6 months. Membrane fouling was identified as particulate pollution (activated carbon) and inorganic pollution (manganese). The membrane system was operated steadily with raw water of high concentration SS(Suspended solid) containing activated carbon because membrane fouling was reduced by the effect of End-Free type. In the case of inorganic contamination, dissolved manganese eluted by chemicals and acted as a membrane fouling source, and the operating conditions for minimizing membrane fouling. were confirmed by newly developing application methods and types of cleaning chemicals. Based on the results, design parameters for reducing manganese membrane fouling were derived.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2008

The series of experiments under the various conditions were carried out to evaluate the feasibility of dissolved air flotation (DAF) as an alternative of conventional gravity sedimentation (CGS) and to investigate the decrease of the loadings following to biological wastewater treatment processes in livestock wastewater system. On the basis of the experiment result between CGS and DAF processes, for the other water quality criteria as well as suspended solid the removal efficiency of DAF process was about 20~25 % better than CGS process on average. In addition, the particle removal efficiency of DAF process became higher in proportion as the increase of air to solid (A/S) ratio and the general wastewater treatment efficiency of DAF process was enough to meet the requirement of loading decrease to following biological process even at low A/S ratio range. Though DAF process is widely known as an solid separation unit, there was not the notable relationship between particle separation efficiency and several pollutant removal efficiencies like $COD_{Cr}$ and nutrients (T-N, T-P). Assume that the $COD_{Cr}$ was removed as the fraction of particle separation in this experiment, the removal efficiency of T-N and T-P were sensitive to removal efficiency of $COD_{Cr}$, especially.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.453-460
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• 2018

The impact of sodium hydroxide, which is one of chemicals of clean in place (CIP) for removing membrane fouling, on the PVDF membrane is reviewed with respect to physical/chemical structural change, the permeability affected therefrom. Based on the cleaning concentration applied in membrane water treatment facilities, 10% of accumulated defluorination was confirmed up to 166g.hr/L which reflects the exposure time. However, membrane resistance was confirmed to be reduced by about 10%. Through FT-IR and EDS analysis, reduction of F and change of are confirmed as factors that affect the permeability of membrane. Membrane resistance, which affects permeability, is affected by loss of additives for hydrophilicity, rather than defluorination of PVDF material. Therefore, in order to check membrane degradation degree, an accelerated test by NaOH was carried out, loss of additives was confirmed, and then PVDF inherent characteristic was observed.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.1222-1227
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• 1997

Effects of the physical properties of solvent system such as pH and polarity change by salt addition in solvent system were investigated by using high speed countercurrent chromatography apparatus (Model CCC-1000, Pharm-Tech Research Corp. USA). The changes of pH and interfacial tension in solvent system of high speed countercurrent chromatography did not significantly affect on retention of stationary phase, but induced remarkable changes in the partition coefficient of ginkgo flavonoids, kaempferol, quercetin and isorhamnetin. The partition coefficients of ginkgo flavonoid standard increase with an increased pH of solvent system and quercetin sharply increased at pH 10.0. Retention of stationary phase decreases with an increased concentration of KCl in butanol of solvent system. Interfacial tension between two phase in solvent system of hexane increases with an increased concentration of KCl. The polarity of solvent system significantly changes the partition coefficients of ginkgo flavonoid.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.317-331
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• 2012

In this paper, we develop a multichannel blind source separation algorithm based on a beamspace transform and the multichannel non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) method. The NMF algorithm is a famous algorithm which is used to solve the source separation problems. In this paper, we consider a beamspace-time-frequency domain data model for multichannel NMF method, and enhance the conventional method using a beamspace transform. Our decomposition algorithm is applied to audio source separation, using a dataset from the international Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign 2010 (SiSEC 2010) for evaluation.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.277-277
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• 2020

연속 측정된 수위자료를 유량자료로 환산하는 방법중의 하나인 수위-유량관계곡선식은 국내에서 널리 사용된다. 현장에서 측정된 유량자료로 개발되는 수위-유량관계곡선식(이하 곡선식)은 일반적으로 측정성과의 정확도가 그 정도를 좌우하지만, 개발과정에서 개발자의 주관적인 판단에 의해 좌우되기도 한다. 정확한 곡선식을 개발하기 위해 개발자는 수리학적 특성(수위-${\sqrt{Q}}$, 수위-유속, 수위-단면적 등)을 검토하고, 수문학적 특성(상하류 관계, 유출분석 등)을 검토하여 최종 곡선식을 결정하게 된다. 이러한 여러 검토들 중에 수위-${\sqrt{Q}}$ 검토는 비록 정성적인 검토임에도 불구하고 곡선식의 구간분리, 기간분리, 성과의 이상유무, GZF(Gauge Height of Zero flow) 등을 확인할 수 있는 방법으로 실무에 많이 이용된다. 대부분의 곡선식은 측정성과를 기반으로 개발되어 내삽부분에서는 그 정확도가 상당히 높다고 할 수 있지만 외삽부분은 구간분리의 위치, GZF 등에 따라 큰 차이를 보일 수 있다. 그러나 기존의 수위-${\sqrt{Q}}$ 에 의한 정성적인 검토는 개발자의 숙련도에 따라 곡선식의 정확도가 좌우되는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 수위-${\sqrt{Q}}$ 검토의 이론적 배경을 살펴보고 일본 곡선식의 사례를 응용하여 수위-${\sqrt{Q}}$ 검토의 정량화를 시도하였다. 또한 보다 객관적인 구간분리 위치 결정 및 GZF산정의 방법을 제시하여 개발과정에서의 오류를 최소화 할 수 있고 이는 정확한 유량자료의 생산으로 이어질 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.493-499
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• 2004

Rejection characteristics of heavy metals by nanofiltration membranes were investigated. Nanofiltration membranes rejected heavy metals much better than chloride, sulfate and TOC, of which concentration in synthetic wastewater was higher than that of heavy metals. To consider rejection characteristics of various metals by nanofiltration membranes, separation coefficient, which is the ratio of the metal permeation rate to the chloride ion or TOC permeation rate, was introduced. In spite of different materials and different nominal salt rejection of nanofiltration membrane used, the separation coefficients of metals were nearly the same. In particular, the separation coefficient of arsenic against chloride ion and TOC was larger than any other separation coefficient of heavy metals. These phenomena were observed in the relationship between the molar conductivity and the separation coefficient for heavy metals.