• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.97-104
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• 2007

Present study aims to investigate the effect of muddy water on gill and kidney tissues and blood components of Opsariichthys uncirostris amurensis in Imha reservoir. As a result of observing the gill tissues in muddy water with light and scanning electron microscopes, the edema, the exfoliation of epithelial cells and fusion of the secondary lamellae were observed. The space between gill lamellae was irregular, and a lots of muddy debris around the secondary lamellae were observed. In case of kidney tissues, the size of glomerulus was smaller and thickness of basal membrane was broader and the empty space in Bowman's capsule was wider than those of the control. The blood cells of O. uncirostris amurensis in muddy water were increased in number. Of the white blood cells, acidophilic granulocytes were highly distributed, and the shapes were irregular. Among the plasma components, the concentration of TP, ALB, A/G ratio, TG, CHOL, and AST were low, whereas that of the inorganic materials was high. Based on the above results, it is considered that muddy water possibly involves in the decrease of respiratory and excretory rates, giving rise to secondary lesion of tissues.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1991.06a
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• pp.28-28
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• 1991

후두암의 수직절제 수술후의 후두 재건 목적은 기관절개를 통하지 않고 후두를 통한 호흡이 가능하도록 하면서 연하시 기도흡인을 피하기 위한 sphincter 능력의 보존, 그리고 발성이 가능하도록 성대진동 mechanism을 재건하는데 있다. 오늘날 수많은 후두학자들에 의해서 고안 개발된 다양한 재건 방법이 있다. 연자는 광범위한 후두절제에 따른 큰 결손을 메우기 위해 bulky하면서도 점막 상피의 재생이 용이한 재건 피판으로 흉유돌근골막 피판을 이용하여 후두 결손부를 재건하여 보았다. 방법은 성견 3마리를 대상으로하여 thiopental sodium 정맥주사로 전신마취를 시행한 후 설골에서부터 흉골상까지 경부 정중앙의 피부를 절개하고 후두를 노출시켜 후두 수직절제술을 시행하였다. 흉유돌근과 흉골에 부착된 골막을 박리하여 흥유돌근골막 피판을 제작한 후 골막이 후두강 안쪽으로 되도록하여 골막연과 후두점막을 봉합하였다. 그리고 3, 5, 9개월에 후두적출술을 시행하여 병리조직학적 및 수술후 경과를 관찰하였다. 3실험견 모두 기관절개술 없이 후두를 통한 호흡이 가능하였고 흡입성 폐렴이나 피하기종등의 합병증없이 창상이 치유되었으며 발성도 양호하였다. 이식된 골막위로 신생혈관의 출현과 함께 점막재생이 잘되 있었다. 단지 봉합사 주위에 소량의 육아종이 관찰되었다. 조직학적으로는 섬유조직위로 편평상피가 재생되었으며 성문하부에서는 일부 섬모가 있는 호흡기 점막도 관찰되고 골막하부에 신생골 형성은 관찰할 수 없었다. 골막 피판은 그 유연성 때문에 결손부위의 점막연에 맞춰도 tension이 없고 공기 누출이 되지 않게 봉합이 가능할 뿐 아니라 점막이 재생할 수 있는 frame-work의 역할을 하는 것으로 사료되었다. 이상과 같은 사실로 미루어 흉유돌근 자체가 견실하고 골막에 혈류공급이 잘되어 창상치유에 좋을 뿐 아니라 큰 후두결손부의 재건이 가능하리라고 사료되었다.로서 몇가지 앞으로의 치료지침에 도움이 되는 결과를 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1) 성별 분포는 남자 16(39 %), 여자 25 (61%)이었으며 1 : 1.5의 빈도를 보였다. 2) 연령 분포는 20대와 30대에서 남녀 모두 25명으로 대부분을 차지하였다. 3) 부식제의 종류는 빙초산이 26명 (63.4 %)으로 대부분을 차지하였고 염산 7 (17.1 %) Lye 3 (0.7 %) 의 순이었다. 4) 음독후 12시간내에 식도경술을 받은 환자가 3명(0.7 %) 12-24시간에 받은 환자가 17명(41.5 %), 24 - 48시간에 받은 환자가 11명(26. 8%)으로 48시간 내에 시행받은 환자가 전체의 75.6%를 차지하였다. 5) 식도경 검사상 나타난 식도화상은 Grade I 11명 (26.8%) G.ade II 18(43.9%) Grade III 7명(17.1%) 이었으며 Grade II 인 경우가 18명(43.9%)로 가장 많았으며 Grade I 11명(26.8 %), Grade III 7명 (17.1 %) Normal 5명 (12.2 %) 순이었다. 6) 조기 식도경 검사에서 41명중 oral cavity burn이 없었던 경우가 15명(36. 1 %) 이었으며, oral cavity burn이 있었던 26명중 5명(19 .2 %)에서 Esophageal burn이 없었다 특히 Esophageal burn의 Grade II, III 25명 중 9명(29.6 %)에서 oral cavity burn이 없었다. 7) 식도 부식중 환자의 치료 원칙으로 Grade I, II, III에서 항생제 및 보존적 치료를 하였으며 Grade I에선 oral feeding을 시켰고 Steroid는 경우에 따라 투여하였으며 Grade III에선 원칙적으로 사용치 않았다. 식도조영술은 Grade I II III에서 3주 후에 모두 시행하였다. 8) 3주 후 식도조영술을 실

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.381-387
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• 1992

Gill epithelia of normal rainbow trout fingerlings and abnormal ones suffering bacterial gill disease by experimental infection were examined by transmitting electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). TEM observations revealed that Flavobacterium branchiophila consisted of slender rods measuring 0.5 by 5 to $8{\mu}m$, and they had which were long, thin, flexible filaments measuring approximately 4 nm by $1{\mu}m$, and packed together to organize into bundles. Morphological alterations of the diseased epithelia started at hypertrophy of the lamellar epithelium. F branchiophila attached to the gill surface of infected fish through pili with a regular distance, and did not invade into gill tissue. In SEM observations, normal surface ultrastructure of epithelial cell in the outermost layer were characterized by a typical labyrinth-like structure branching and anastomosing microridges on the cell surface. Hyperplastic lesions in experimentally infected gill were most serious at near the tips. Each filament exhibited a club-like, and fusion between the filaments was sometimes observed at their tips. On the surface of gill filaments, thread-like bacterial cells attached and were entangled. The bacterial cells almost covered the surface. After immersion in 5 % NaCl, the cell of F branchiophila, however, appeared to be indeterminate shape.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.112-119
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• 2007

A histological study on development and transformation of the oocyte' follicle cell for Korean four sillurid fishes, Liobagrus obesus, L. mediadiposalis, Pseudobagrus koreanus, and P. brevicorpus was performed by light and electron microscopes. The follicular layer surrounding the oocyte consisted of an outer theca cell and an inner follicle cell (granulosa cell). The follicle cells of the oocyte were flatten cells at early oocyte but during vitellogenesis they were transformed it to a single layer of cuboidal cell, then to a single columnar cell layer, and finally to a layer covered with a substance secreted by themselves. Although the development and transformation of the follicle cells was similar to four species, the secreted materials, called an adhesive membrane, were divided into two types in its appearance and nature. Firstly, a jelly coat-like type was found in L. obesus and L. mediadiposalis, which they are presumed to be polysaccharides and mucoproteins in its nature and secondly, a granular type in P. koreanus and P. brevicopus, being mucoprotein. A zona radiata with about $0.6{\sim}3.1{\mu}m$ thin was present below the adhesive material secreted by the transformed-follicle cell's activity. The zona radiata was composed of two layers, a thin externa and a thick interna.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 1998

To know the features of Amyloodinium sp. parasitized in Black seabream, Acanthopagrus schlegeli, morphology and reproduction type of the parasite were investigated. Infection mode and histopathology of the parasites were also studied. In the developmental and morphological observation, the parasite passed through parasitic and non-parasitic phases with three developmental stages termed trophont, tomont, and dinospore. The trophont, 30-$80{\mu}m$ ovoidal or pyriform, for the vegetative stage had a spherical nucleus with $1.5{\mu}m$ in diameter, many food vacuoles and starch grains in cytoplasm. The tomont, 80-$90{\mu}m$ spherical, for the reproductive stage resorbed a stalk, secreted a cyst wall and reproduced within it. A dinospore, small 10-$15{\mu}m$ biflagellated, for the infestation stage had a stigma. The parasite was propagated for 15 days by serial passage in Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. Trophonts began to detach from the fish about 3 days after infection and was completed within 5 days at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$. It took from 3 to 5 days to reproduce at the same temperature. Reinfected fish showed that parasites penetrated under the epithelia of gill filament and gill lamellae causing hyperplasia and degeneration at infected area.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.246-253
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• 2017

This study was conducted prepare spray-dried powder using pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates and examine the physicochemical properties of the powder. The insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber of the pumpkin sweet potato treated by enzyme were 4.17% and 2.07%, respectively. The spray-dried pumpkin sweet potato hydrolysates was manufactured via spray-drying with different forming agents: i.e., pectin 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2.0%. The moisture contents and total starches of the spray-dried powders were approximately 1.68-2.46 and 45.32-46.51%, respectively. The color of the L and a value decreased, and that of the b and ${\Delta}E$ value increased. The particle size and outer topology of the spray-dried powders were $37.17-42.32{\mu}m$, and its shape was generally globular. The water absorption index of the spray-dried powder (1.74-1.91) was lower than that of the freeze-dried powder (2.15). The water solubility index of the spray-dried powder, 80.75-87.61%, was higher than that of the freeze-dried powder (70.47%). The adhesion values of spray-dried powder to epithelial HT-29 cells were 2.66-6.18% of the initial cell counts, whereas freeze-dried powder showed lower adhesive ability (1.79%). The in vitro human digestibility in the spray-dried powder was 70.09% which is very effective in digestion.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.226-236
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• 2012

In the present work, the influence of prebiotic fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on adhesion to Caco-2 cells, viability, acid and bile tolerance, antibacterial, antioxidant, enzymatic, and metabolic activities of the probiotic starters Lactobacillus acidophilus GK20 and Lactobacillus paracasei GK74, has been explored. Experiments were conducted with fermented yoghurt over a period of 7 days at $4^{\circ}C$. When compared to control fermentations without prebiotic, the addition of FOS was seen to significantly (p<0.05) increase the viable cell counts of the probiotics, overall viscosity, and concurrently reduce the pH of the fermented yoghurts. Both Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 were inhibited by the probiotics' antibacterial activities, while the synbiotic yoghurt containing mixed probiotics and FOS was noted to highly improve antagonistic action. When fermented with mixed starters, the addition of FOS (1.0%) resulted in the highest proteolytic ($1.06{\pm}0.06$ unit) and ${\beta}$-galactosidase activities ($20.14{\pm}0.31$ unit). However, FOS did not affect acid and bile tolerance, adhesion to Caco-2 cells or the antioxidant activity of the probiotics, although both L. acidophilus GK20 and L. paracasei GK74 had functionality as probiotic strains. Hence, a significant synbiotic effect was observed in fermented yoghurt after 7 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, and as a result, such synbiotic yoghurt can be said to possess synergistic actions which improve the gastrointestinal environment and promote of health.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.213-220
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• 2006

Present study aims to investigate the effect of muddy water on various tissues and plasma proteins of Hemiculter eigenmanni in Imha reservoir. The gills in muddy water were shown to have clubbing in secondary lamellae and edema in primary lamellae, respectively. The size of glomerula in kidney was smaller than that of control. Scanning electron micrographs of gills revealed muddy debris and parasites attached between primary and secondary lamellae, suggesting that muddy water possibly involves to decrease in respiratory rate. By using SDS-PAGE, plasma protein bands displayed both quantitative and qualitative changes and ferritin activities were shown more stronger and Fe-3 ferritin band appeared to be specific to plasma of muddy water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.37-38
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 압전체의 횡 진동모드를 이용한 압전 초음파 진동자를 설계 분석하였다. 이전의 란쥬반 진동자는 진동을 얻기 위하여, 복수의 원판 또는 사각판 형태의 압전 세라믹을 서로 반대 방향으로 분극하여 마주 보도록 설치한 후 전기적으로 병렬로 연결하고 상단 및 하단에 금속부을 부착하여 전체를 볼트로 조인 복잡한 구조와 큰 출력 파워를 갚는 반면, 본 연구에서는 판상형의 압전소자와 일체형 금속진동체를 이용하여 기계적 출력 파워 조절이 용이한 구조의 압전 진동자를 고안하여, 압전진동자의 횡 진동 모드를 이용함으로써 신뢰성과 정확도가 높고 진동효율이 최대가 되도록 설계하였다. 설계 개발된 압전 진동자는 진동의 크기 조절이 용이하여 일반 진동자 뿐 만 아니라, 외과 및 안과 수술에 있어서 인체조직이나 각막상피의 활성화를 유지한 상태에서 안전하게 절개 및 분리 시술용 진동자로 사용 할 수 있는 이점이있다. 압전 진동자는 유한요소법 시뮬레이션 프로그램 (ATILA 5.2.4)을 이용하여 설계를 하였으며 압전소자의 두께는 각각 0.2 mm, 0.5 mm로 제작하여 시뮬레이션 결과와 제작된 샘플의 특성을 비교하였고, 변위측정은 칼날을 결합 한 상태에서 공진 주파수대역 부근 주파수별로 측정 비교하였다.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2008

In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of propenone derivatives, 1,3-diphenyl-propenone (DPhP), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-2-yl-propenone (PhT2P), 3-phenyl-1-thiophen-3-yl-propenone (PhT3P) and 1-furan-2-yl-3-phenyl-propenone (FPhP), on $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced nuclear factor (NF)-${\kappa}B$ activity and interleukin (IL)-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. 1-Furan-2-yl-3-pyridin-2-yl-propenone (FPP-3) that is previously reported as a $NF-{\kappa}B$ inhibitor suppressed $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner. The propenone derivatives, DPhP, PhT2P, PhT3P, FPhP, also inhibited $TNF-{\alpha}$-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in a similar degree to FPP-3. In a DPPH radical scavenging assay, none of the compounds showed DPPH radical scavenging activity, indicating that the inhibitory actions of the propenone derivatives on redox-sensitive $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity is not due to a simple free radical scavenging activity. In addition, the propenone derivatives also suppressed the IL-8-induced monocyte adhesion to colon epithelial cells. Furthermore, the effective concentrations of the propenone derivatives on both $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation as well as IL-8 induced monocyte-epithelial cell adhesion were 1000 times lower than 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), a clinically used drug for inflammatory bowel disease. These results suggest that the propenone derivatives may be a potential lead having a strong inhibitory activity against inflammatory cytokine-induced epithelial inflammation.