• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 1997

There have been many recent reports that unilateral renal agenesis and multicystic dysplastic kidneys are accompanied by contralateral vesicoureteral reflux leading to its injury. We grouped the children with unilateral renal agenesis, renal hypoplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidney into abnormal unilateral renal development and investigated whether it was accompanied with contralateral vesicoureteral reflux. We retrospectively reviewed 96 pediatric cases of unilateral renal agenesis, hypoplasia, multicystic dysplastic kidney diagnosed at Shinchon Severance Hospital, Yongdong Severance Hospital from 1987 to 1996 and Ajou University Hospital from 1994 to 1996. Diagnosis was based on radiological findings, renal hypoplasia being defined as small renal size with no apparent renal scarring and no irregularity of the calyceopelvic system on abdominal sonography or intravenous pyelography. Among the 96 cases,48 cases carried out voiding cystourethrography. 58 cases were male(60%) and 38 cases were female(40%). The cases of abnormal unilateral development on the left side were 45(47%) and that on the right side were 51(53%). Although there were diverse reasons leading to diagnosis, the major ones included were prenatal sonography, urinary tract infection, and other congenital anomalies. In cases of unilateral renal agenesis & hypoplasia the leading factors were urinary tract infection & other congenital anomalies and in cases of multicystic dysplastic kidney that was prenatal sonography. There was a chronological gap between the mean age of diagnosis(1.8 year) and voiding cystouerthrography(2.5 year, P < 0.01). 9 of the 18 unilateral renal agenesis cases, 5 of the 11 unilateral renal hypoplasia cases, and 3 of the 19 unilateral multicystic dysplastic kidney cases showed contralateral vesicoureteral reflux. Average reflux grade was above G III.Among the 17 children who had contralateral vesicoureteral reflux, 3 children had chronic renal failure and ureteroneocystostomy was carried out in 6 children. From the above results we conclude that screening voiding cystourethrography should be performed in children with abnormal unilateral renal development for early detection of vesicoureteral reflux in the contralateral kidney.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.390-402
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• 1995

Bimonthly sampling was carried out over the period February 1983 to April 1985 at two stations in Kwang-yang Bay, Korea, in order to study the temporal changes of benthic ploychaete communities. In addition, an important focus of the study was the large-scale reclamation and dredging operations that were taking place for industrial purposes during the study period. The muddy station, located on the main channel, showed high mud content (94%), whereas the sandy station, situated on the north channel of Myodo, demonstrated mud content of 42%. At the muddy station, the number of species and individuals were highest in the early sampling stage, but markedly declined in October 1983, and then gradually increased as in the early state. At the sandy station, the number of species highly oscillated during the entire period. The density was affected by the pectinated Lagis bocki showing particulary high density in February 1983 and 1984. However, the high density in the winter time did not occur in February 1985. The analysis of similarities and clusterings between communities were carried out to evaluate temporal changes in community structure. Significant changes occurred during the study period in the community structures at both stations, but each maintained different patterns of species dominance over time. At the muddy station, this transitionary phase was found in October 1983 but in December 1984 at the sandy station. Comparisons with earlier communities suggest that faunal changes in the dominant species composition occurred from Lumbrineris longifolia to Heteromastus filiformis over this time period. The colonization of this opportunistic pioneer, H, filiformis, seems to manifest environmental disturbances in this bay area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.529-533
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• 2015

VCUG(Voiding Cystourethrography) study is being performed to check urinary reflex symptom from bladder to ureter or kidney in the method of filling the bladder with radiation opaque contrast agent. However, VCUG study have been performed impersonally, patients have to be naked and open their legs and then void. This method is so impersonal that it is immediately needed to improve the way of testing and crete new aid. Therefore, this study through producing underwear for VCUG, analysis and compares the test time of VCUG, patient radiation dose and patient satisfaction. The target of this study was 79 Male and Female patients who visited genitourinary clinic of PNUYH for their VCUG tests AXIUM Iconos R200(Siemens Medical System : Germany) and self-produced plastic underwears made by vinyl and plasic molding machine were used. The 79 patient were divided into two groups : experiment of patient and comparison group of we patient (using aid) in order to compare, testing time, DAP (dose area product) and patient satisfaction. There was time reduction, from 35.3min of comparison group to 27.8min experimentation group by 7.5min decrease. And comparison group of $4566.6{\mu}Gym^2$(DAP) decreased experimental group (using aid) of $3411.9{\mu}Gym^2$ by $1154.7{\mu}Gym^2$. In the case of patients satisfaction study, anxiety had a drop by 3.45 of comparison group to 2.51 experimentation group by 0.94 decrease. in experimental group. And shame had a drop by 4.02 of comparison group to 3.08 experimentation group by 0.94 increase. in experimental group. Difference of the smooth voiding had a drop by 1.90 of comparison group to 2.84 experimentation group by 0.94 increase. in experimental group. In addition satisfaction had a rise by 1.19 in experimental group. There were also other opinions of uncomfortableness on it and troublesome to wear. VCUG is one of the sensitive care required test. Therefore staff and the aid can give patients such comfortable and the aid can consentive on voiding. As a result test time and DAP can be reduced. It is needed to make testing at more comfortable for patients.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that represents one of the most common and important infectious diseases of cats worldwide and it is responsible for more deaths among cats than any other infectious diseases. Prevalence data are necessary to define prophylactic, management and therapeutic measures for stray, feral and owned cats which are lacking in Bangladesh. The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of FeLV infection in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh using RapiGEN$^{(R)}$ FeLV Ag Test Kit (RapiGEN$^{(R)}$ Inc., Republic of Korea), a rapid one-step immunochromatographic assay. Blood samples from total 130 cats (23 owned cats and 107 unowned cats) were collected and tested following the manufacturer's instruction. An overall prevalence of FeLV infection was 1.54% (2/130). Prevalence was found 1.79% (2/112) on Day 0-up to one year aged cats (young) but no positive case was found in above 1 year (Adult) aged group. In male and female cats, the prevalence was 1.72% (1/58) and 1.39% (1/72), respectively. In un-owned cats the prevalence was 1.87%. Positive cases to FeLV were found only in clinically sick cats. No significant relationship was found according to age, sex, ownership status and health status. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of the prevalence of FeLV infection in Bangladesh using RapiGEN$^{(R)}$ FeLV test kits which is very much effective because it is easy to apply, less expensive and quick screening of such type of infection.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.2
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• pp.49-61
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• 1962

The insect Diplosis mori Yokoyama is causing extensive destruction of mulberry trees in Korea with a resultant loss in silk production. This study was made to determine an effective method of control. Methods and Materials Used Preliminary studies were made to determine more exactly the life cycle of the insect. Based on this information, various control measures were tested, including the use of spray methods with BHC and control of larvae by tilling. Results Obtained 1. Life cycle studies (a) In the Suwon area, this-insect has 5 generations per year. The first starts in the later part of June and the final cycle ends in the later part of September. (b) The adult insects appear about 7: 00-8: 00 P.M. and live for 2-5 days. Females live in longer periods than the male. (c) Larvae lives inside the second and third stipules (A. B.) before mulberry leaf development. They cause extensive damage to the leaves at the point where they are attached to the stem. (d) Weather conditions considerably affect the life cycle. The pupa particularly are affected and not be able to change into the moth stage when there is a long period of no rain. (e) Larvae are large......0.3 to 2.0mm......and are milky-white immediately after hatching but turn to pinkish as the worm matures. The matured worm has a jumping ability up to 15-20cm. The worm burrows into the ground 1.5 to 3.0 cm before changing into the pupal stage. (f) The pupal stage usually lasts 7-8 days, in summer weather conditions and the pupa is surrounded with a coarse cocoon. (g) These insects, as a general rule, overwinter as pupae but sometimes as larvae. 2. Control measures (a) BHC dust applied on the ground seem most effective. It should be done 4-5 days after the worm has burrowed into the ground. For this control, it is recommended that 6kg of a 2% formation Tanbo(l0ares) be used. (b) For the effective spraying against the fly, it is recommended that a formulation of liquid BHC spray terials be used at the rate of 400-600 liters per Tanbo. (c) Tillage methods which provide a cover of soil 5cm or more in depth above infested areas will effect-maively prevent the emergence of the fly from the pupal stage. 3. Conclusions Methods of control against Diplosis mori Yokoyama can be tied more closely to the life cycle of the insect with more effective results. Further studies are needed to complete information on possible controls during or after hibernation. Economic studies on the cost of these control measures are also needed.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.5 s.250
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• pp.357-365
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• 2005

Background: Patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) in the setting of coronary artery disease have a dismal long-term prognosis whether treated medically or surgically. Moreover, the optimal management of moderate ischemic MR at the time of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) remains the subjects of controversy. Thus, the present retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether mitral valve surgery for moderate ischemic MR at the time of CABG would be preferable to CABG alone in terms of clinical outcome. Material and Method: Between January 1997 and December 2003, 34 patients with moderate (Gr 3/4) ischemic MR underwent CABG alone (Group I, n=23) or CABG plus mitral valve surgery (Group II, n=11). Operative mortality, long-term survival and echocardiographic parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy of mitral valve surgery in patients with moderate ischemic MR. The mean follow-up durations of each group were $69.3\pm4.3$ months and $53.1\pm4.9$ months respectively. Result: There was no hospital mortality in both groups. There was one case of late mortality in Group I. The mean number of bypass graft was similar ($3.8\pm1.2\;vs\;3.7\pm1.3$ respectively). Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer in group II (p=0.014). In group II, all of the patients received mitral annuloplasty using ring. On immediate postoperative echo-cardiogram, mitral regurgitation was reduced more in group II (p=0.002). Echocardiogram performed at last follow-up state showed no difference except the grade of MR between the two groups. Actuarial survival of both groups at 5 years was similar ($95.5\%\;vs\;100\%$, p=0.48). Conclusion: This study shows that in selected patients with moderate ischemic MR, CABG without mitral valve surgery might be sufficient. However, patients with low EF and NYHA functional class pre-operatively had tendency of significant residual MR, so mitral valve surgery should be necessary in these patients, and moreover, MR severity and left ventricle volume decreased more in mitral valve surgery group. Therefore, more large-scale studies are necessary to determine these effects on the ventricular function and long-term survival.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.524-533
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• 2001

Background: Hyperoxemic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been recognized as a safe technique and is widely used in cardiac surgery. However, hyperoxemic CPB may produce higher toxic oxygen species and cause more severe oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury than normoxemic CPB. This study was undertaken to compare inflammatory responses and myocardial injury between normoxemic and hyperoxemic CPB and to examine the beneficial effect of normoxemic CPB. Material and method: Thirty adult patients scheduled for elective cardiac surgery were randomly divided into normoxic group (n=15), who received normoxemic CPB (about Pa $O_{2}$ 120 mmHg), and hyperoxic group (n=15), who received hyperoxemic CPB (about Pa $O_{2}$ 400 mmHg). Myeloperoxidase (MPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), and troponin-T (TnT) concentrations in coronary sinus blood were determined at pre- and post-CPB. Total leukocyte and neutrophil counts in arterial blood were measured at the before, during, and after CPB. Lactate concentration in mixed venous blood was analyzed during CPB, and cardiac index (Cl) and pulmonary vascular

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.7-18
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• 1988

In 1987, the level of heavy metals were determined ina total of 200 samples of 9 species of shellfish of Korea. The samples were collected at the fish. markets by 10 Public Institute of Health. The samples were whelk (Buccinum striatiBBimum), oyster (Crassostrea gigas), ark shell(Tegillarca granesa), shartnecked clam (Venerupis semidecussta), hard clam (Meretrix lusoria), top shell (Turbo cornutus), abalone (Haliotis gigantea), ark shell (Scapharea broughtonii), sea-mussel (Mytilus conuscus gould), respectively. The levels of total mercury, lead, cadmium, arsenic, copper, zinc and manganese were determined. The total mercury levels were determined by mercury analyzer using the combustion gold amalgamation method. The arsenic level were determined by spectrophotometry using colorimetric sil ver diethyldithiocarbamate method after dry ash dige8tion of the samples with magnesium oxide and magnesium nitrate. The levels of other metals were determined by inductively coupled pluma spectrophotometry after wet digestion of the samples with nitric acid and su1furic acid. The results were summerized as follows; 1. The overallranges and mean(ppm) were; Hg, ND-O.221 (0.036); Pb, 0.05-1.51 (0.37); Cd, 0.02-1.86 (0.61); As, 0.5-3.97 (1.22); Cu, 0.14-54.16 (4.93); Zn, 7.40-207.17 (30.09); Mn, 0.13-s.72 (3.40). 2. The levels of all 6 metals were found to be below the maximum permissible Iimits set by the Japan lor mercury, the Netherland for lead the Hong Kong for cadmium. The Finland for Arsenic no statutory Iimits for Zn and Mn in shellfish in any countries. 3. The results show that all the 9 species of shellfish studied, none have accumulated levels dangerous enough to pose a health problem.roblem.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.53 no.6
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• pp.612-618
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• 2002

Background : Bronchoscopy is an important diagnostic and a therapeutic tool in chest medicine. However, most patients feel that a bronchoscopy is an unpleasant procedure, and it is important to sedate the patients appropriately, particularly where repetitive examinations are required. Midazolam is a sedative drug with amnestic qualities and a rapid 2 hour half-life. This study have attempted to determine the safety, appropriate dosage, and the effect of midazolam premedication in patients who underwent a bronchoscopy. Methods : One hundred and eighty consecutive patients undergoing bronchoscopy were enrolled in this study. The patients received a midzolam doses of 0.03 mg/kg, 0.06 mg/kg, or a placebo. An additional dose of lidocaine, the total number of coughs, and the duration of the procedures were recorded with monitoring the the blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. The level of satisfaction was assessed by the patient, bronchoscopist, and the nurse. Results : The blood pressure, pulse rates, oxygen saturation, number of coughs, lidocaine dose, and procedure time in the 3 groups were similar. There was a trend for the midazolam 0.03 mg/kg group to satisfy bronchoscopists more than the other two groups. The nurses' acceptability was lower in the midazolam 0.06 mg/kg group than the other groups. The patients' acceptablity was greater in both the midazolam 0.03 mg/kg and 0.06 mg/kg groups than in the control group. Conclusion : Sedation with low doses of intravenous midazolam is a safe technique for fiberoptic bronchoscopy with a low morbidity and high acceptable to patients and bronchoscopists.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.376-382
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• 2012

This study examined the effects of acorn (Quercus. acutissima CARR.) jelly powder (0%, 25%, 50%, and 75%) and acorn extract (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1.0%) addition on the quality characteristics of hardtack. In the sensory test, acorn jelly powder added group scored 50% higher than the other added group. Regarding hardtack color, L (lightness) and b (yellowness) values decreased with increasing acorn powder and acorn extract addition. Hardness of hardtack increased with added acorn jelly powder, but no significant difference was observed with acorn extract. The taste and texture of the hardtack 0.1% acorn extract added group significantly increased. Overall, preferences decreased with increasing acorn extract but not significantly. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that addition of 50% acorn jelly powder in combination with addition of less than 0.1% acorn extract to hardtack was the most desirable.