• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2013

This study examines the logistics policy and system to activate the air freight known shipper system in Korea in order to suggest how to use the system necessary to convert and expand common shippers into known shippers. Even though "The Act on Aviation Safety and Security" and "Air Freight Security Criteria for Known Shippers" were revised in 2012 and 2011 each, the purpose was to regulate procedures to control aviation safety and security and air also freight security, so it does not include any measures to activate the known shipper system. Therefore, to activate the known shipper system, this study suggests measures to use the logistics security support system of "The Fundamental Law on Logistics Policy" revised in 2012, the logistics cooperation system, and consulting support as well.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.142-152
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• 2021

The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and the World Customs Organization (WCO) emphasize securing supply chain security through mutual cooperation between aviation security and customs by establishing a standardized security system by regulations, procedures and practices of international air cargo. Accordingly, in accordance with the Aviation Security Act, the known consignors system aims to secure cargo security before loading air cargo into the aircraft, while the customs AEO system is a public-private cooperation program that focuses on simplification of customs clearance procedures. These systems basically have the same purpose of effectively identifying high-risk cargo through a risk-based approach in international air cargo transportation and preventing risks in advance, and the content that a common basic standard for cargo security must be established is also similar. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a cooperation system by simplifying problems such as cumbersome and redundant authentication procedures and on-site verification through coordination of security requirements for mutual recognition between the two systems. As a result, it is necessary to establish a process for coordinating security and customs' supply chain security program and maximize the effect of harmonizing supply chain security by strengthening the linkage between known consignors and AEO.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.236-243
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• 2013

Many plant species in subalpine regions are under threat of extinction as a result of climate change. In this study, the genetic diversity and geographic differentiation of three regions and six populations of Primula farinosa subsp. modesta (Bisset & Moore) Pax in Korea were assessed using the ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) marker. The average genetic diversity (P = 60.62, SI = 0.299, h = 0.190) was relatively lower than that of other long-lived perennials, even though it is a self-incompatible species. AMOVA analysis showed that 50% of the total genetic diversity was partitioned among regions and Bayesian cluster analysis showed some remarkable geographic trends that were structured into 2 or 3 regions, suggesting limited gene flow among regions. Considering the population fragmentation, low level genetic diversity, and high genetic differentiation, it is essential to establish in situ and ex situ conservation strategies for P. farinosa subsp. modesta.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.165-182
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• 2004

According to the Annex 17 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, an appropriate authority of each contracting state has to define and allocate tasks and coordinate activities between the departments, agencies and other organizations of the State, airport and aircraft operators and other entities concerned with or responsible for the implementation of various aspects of the national civil aviation security programme. It is generally recognized that the three major parties responsible for the aviation security at an airport are appropriate government departments, airport operator and airlines. The airlines are the beneficiaries of security activities as well as the provider of security activities. So, their responsibilities have been critical in protecting civil aviation from unlawful interferences. The airport has to take leading role in implementing security tasks at airport area because the airport operator is the provider of airport facilities and services to its customer and the security activities belong to its services. The government has the responsibilities not only for establishing regulatory system but also for oversighting the implementation of aviation security activities. The paper is to review the revision of aviation security regulation and the changes of aviation security responsibilities, and costs and task assignment in Republic of Korea after September 11 event. The responsibilities, tasks and costs assigned to airlines, airport operators and government are introduced and evaluated in terms of economic fairness, effectiveness and efficiency of aviation security activities. The drawbacks of new legal system are pointed out and the suggestions to remedy them are proposed as conclusions.