• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.5-29
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of job characteristics of working poor on poverty status, focused on sex differences. The results are as follows. First, there are sex differences in career year, job position and industry for determining poverty entry. And second, career year, job regularity and occupy are different variables for men and women in determining poverty exit. This result says that job characteristics partially affects on poverty status of sex differently. Thus we need to sensitive policy that considers different experiences of men and women working poor as to poverty status mobility.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2014

Since the cyber defense has been dependent on commercial products and protection systems, in aspect of the recent trends, our cyber defence ecosystem can be more vulnerable. In case of general defense weapon companies, they have to be observed by the government such as certain proprietary technologies and products for the protection from the enemy. On the contrary, most cyber weapon companies have not been managed like that. For this reason, cyber attack can reach to the inside of our military through the security hole of commercial products. In this paper, we enhanced a military cyber protection ecosystems out of enemy attacks and analyze the hypothetical scenarios to evaluate and verify the vulnerability, and finally more securable ecosystem of military protection system is presented politically and technically.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.37-60
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• 2019

An analysis of the correlation in port-related industries between minimum wage and employment effects, showed that it was very insignificant. However, there are some differences between commercial and temporary workers, those that are self-employed, and other workers in the private sector. Thus, while commercial workers are somewhat stable, they have a somewhat negative effect on temporary workers and self-employed people. At the Minimum Wage Council, the minimum wage hike is seen as stable because of the interaction between income and substitution effects in the labor market. According to the analysis, the port-related industries were affected more by the global economic recession and domestic economic volatility than the variables related to the minimum wage hike.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.109-118
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• 2005

A concrete shear wall system is commonly adopted in high-rise residential apartment buildings. In the construction stage, a rectangular opening is often made for the convenience of horizontal movement of workers, and construction materials and equipment. In the case of safety or stability assessment of a shear wall, the cutout part can be a critical factor. Finite element method is adopted to investigate the elastic stability behavior of the perforated unit shear wall. The key analysis parameters are the cutout location and its size. The effect of out-of-plane bending and horizontal shear are also examined in the stability analysis.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.75-98
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• 2006

This study shows a theoretical model, based on transaction cost theory, for the choice of alternative work arrangement, Suppose that standard labor contract (permanent and full-time) is a typical labor contract of within-organization transaction and alternative labor contracts of variety are in the spectrum between market and within-organization transaction, the type and size of the market transaction cost for a specific labor would determine the appropriate labor contract. Firm-specificity and level of skill, scope and uncertainty of tasks, and duration of contract are the major determinants of transaction cost which, in turn, determines the type of labor contract. This theoretical model implies that there will be occupational segregation between standard and alternative work arrangements and that the legal regulations for protecting employment and wage of non-standard workers might not be so effective as expected.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.35-60
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• 2016

This study analyzes the unequal distributional effect of threesome of family policy(child benefit, childcare services and parental leave) focusing on family income, mother's status in labor market in Korea. To measure the unequal distributional effect of family policies, this study used the quantile analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, in terms of childcare service and parental leave, there is some difference of the rate of use by family income and mother's status in labor market. Second, total public fund for childcare services, child benefits and parental leave are high in fourth income quintile, and mothers work regularly. Third, public fund is high in fourth income quintile, dual earners, mothers work regularly, the family has many number of child, and is high educational level of parents. Finally, the results of quantile regression show the biggest factors of unequal distribution of family policy are mother's stable work and it deepens the inequalities and differences. Based on these results, this article suggests that more equal right to access and use family policy regardless of the type of employment, adequate minimum income through income transfer, and universal application of the policy.

• Journal of the KSME
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.468-473
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• 1980

강재의 냉각, 특히 물을 사용한 강제냉각은 제철공정에서 실용되어지고 있음에도 불구하고 그 냉각과정에서 어떠한 현상이 일어나고 있는 지는 아직까지 명확치 못한 부분도 많고, 열전달율의 정량\ulcorner인 값도 불확실한 부분이 많다. 석유 shock 이래, energy 사용의 절약을 부르짖는 이때 물 상용의 절감 또한 절실히 요구되고 있다. 따라서 철강관계자도, 전열관계자도 이방면에 중대한 관심을 기울이게 됨은 물론 연구는 문의 수도 점차로 늘어나기 시작했다. 제철공정에서 가장 중요한 부분을 차지하는 온도범위는 감재표면열도의 200-1300.deg.C정도사 이 이지만 이중 300-800.deg.C 정도 범위에서는 인체면과 물사이의 전열현상을 가장 잘 알지 못하는 범위이다. 이범위의 실험치를 개관하면 실험하는 사람에 따라서 열전달율에 약간의 정도차가 있으며, 아 직까지 연구의 단서만 나온 것 뿐이라는 관점이다. 강재냉각의 전망에 대해서는 삼봉의 훌륭한 교재가 있으며, 본자료에서 는 냉각하는 경우에 생기는 현상을 중심으로 전열연구자의 입장에서 연구현황과 그 문제점을 논술해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.129-135
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• 1976

A direct-reading conductance measuring system using a potentiostatic circuit and a four-electrode conductance cell was devised. The difficulties with the traditional method of using the Wheatston bridge and a two-electrode cell due to the complicated nature of the electrochemical system, the double layer capacitance and the Faradaic impedance at the electrodes, etc., could be avoided in this method. The devised instrument proved to be convenient and suitable for precise measurements. The results of measured conductivities of KCl and HCl solutions are reported.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.1173-1176
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• 2008

Individuals who regularly consume excessive quantities of alcohol are at a greater risk of developing various cancers such as esophageal, pharyngeal and lung cancers compared to normal populations if they are deficient in ALDH2 enzyme activity. We evaluated oxidative DNA damage in the liver, brain, and lung tissues of Aldh2 +/+ and Aldh2 -/- mice after they had been subjected to acute ethanol exposure. The 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) level in each tissue was evaluated as a biomarker of oxidative DNA damage. The 8-OHdG level in the liver, brain, and lung tissues was significantly increased following ethanol treatment. In addition, the level of 8-OHdG in the liver and lung tissues was affected by ALDH2 enzyme activity. This result suggests that ALDH2-deficient individuals may be more susceptible than wild-type ALDH2 individuals to ethanol-mediated diseases, including cancer.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.151-163
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• 2006

Although various methods for effective modeling of pre-reinforced zones have been suggested for numerical analysis of large section tunnels, tunnel designers refer to empirical cases and literature reviews rather than engineering methods because ones who use commercial programs are unfamiliar with a macro-scale approach in general. Therefore, this paper suggests a simple micro-scale approach combined with the macro-scale approach to determine equivalent design parameters for effective numerical modeling of pre-reinforced zones in tunnel. This new approach is to determine the equivalent stiffness of pre-reinforced zones with combination of ground, bulb, and steel in series or/and parallel. For verification, 3-D numerical results from the suggested approach are compared with those of a realistic model. The comparison suggests that two cases make best approximation to a realistic solution: One is related to the series-parallel stiffness system (hereafter SPSS) in which bulb and steel are coupled in parallel and then connected to the ground in series, and the other is the series stiffness system (hereafter SSS) in which only bulb and steel are coupled in series. The SPSS is recommended for stiffness calculation of pre-reinforced zones because the SSS is inconvenient and time-consuming. The SPSS provides slightly bigger vertical displacement at tunnel crown in weathered rock than other cases and give almost identical results to a realistic model for horizontal displacement at tunnel spring line and ground surface settlement. Displacement trends on weathered rock and weathered soil are similar. The SPSS which is suggested in this paper represents the behavior mechanism of pre-reinforced area effectively.