• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.1
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• pp.83-90
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• 2012

Forests as carbon sinks and sources, play an important role in mitigating global climate change. Nonpermanence problem of forest carbon offset projects should be addressed practically and properly for obtaining credible forest carbon credits. This study aims to analyze major non-permanence approaches and their applicability for Korean forest carbon offset projects. Introduction of the buffer system, one of the most generally used non-permanence approaches, should be considered first for domestic forest carbon offset schemes. From the research survey, experts preferred the buffer system to other approaches such as forest certification, conservation easement, and longer conservation period. Standard development including a buffer system with a risk assessment tool is required to assure project participation and permanence of carbon credits.

• Environmental engineer
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• s.328
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• pp.42-49
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• 2013

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.165-176
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• 2022

To raise awareness of carbon reduction in climate change, the Korea Forest Service has developed and adopted a forest carbon offset program, which aims to reduce carbon levels based on forest management. However, to maintain the forest carbon offset program, challenges such as the lack of a forest monitoring system to manage and maintain the program, must be faced. In this context, we investigated the limitations of conducting forest carbon offset programs using a number of interview techniques, including in-depth interview and questionnaire survey methods. The questionnaire surveys were developed based on the results of a literature review along with a preinterview and in-depth survey of the people in charge of the forest carbon offset program. The Irving Seidman technique was adopted for the in-depth interviews. Additionally, descriptive and frequency analyses were conducted to identify the characteristics of perception. Lastly, logistic regression was used to identify the limiting factors that affect the willingness to perform forest carbon offset monitoring activity. Results showed that the project managers or people in charge of the forest carbon offset program lacked expertise in forest carbon offset programs, which negatively affected their willingness to perform monitoring activity. Additionally, the study revealed a number of limiting factors that hindered the monitoring of forest carbon offset projects. Improving understanding using the approaches presented in this study may contribute to increasing the benefits associated with the forest carbon offset program in South Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.478-485
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• 2022

The certification performance issued through an external business is sold to companies subject to the emission trading system allocation, and the company subject to the allocation can secure the quota by converting the purchased external business certification performance into offset credits. In this methodology, when fossil fuels that used existing oil boilers (by oil type) were replaced with boilers using propane gas with a relatively low carbon content, the amount of carbon dioxide emission reduction by oil type was recognized. As an initial analysis to make up for the insufficient quota of large corporations, the amount of carbon reduction emissions and emission rights trading was calculated.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.463-488
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• 2015

A more detailed design of offset system is needed according to the emission trading system started in 2015. This study aims to estimate the supply of potential offset that can be secured by expanding high-efficiency household electric appliances. The target commodities for analysis are three different householding electric appliances: TV, washing machine, electric fan, refrigerator and air conditioner. By using the ARDL model, we estimated the coefficients of diffusion of these high-efficiency appliances from 2016 to 2022. Then, the potential supply of offset was drawn by calculating the amount of electricity saving by efficiency improvement and by applying the rates of carbon exchange. Supposing that the electricity savings rates of high-efficiency appliances are each 10% and 20%, the accumulated carbon decrement in 2022 was respectively $361,899CO_2t$ and $723,797CO_2t$. The appliance that showed the biggest carbon decrement was air conditioner, and the second biggest was refrigerator and the next was TV, followed by washing machine, electric fan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.110 no.3
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• pp.440-452
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• 2021

This study identified and evaluated conditions for continued participation of private forest owners in forest carbon offset programs. The probability of continuing forest carbon offset projects, which delays greenhouse gas emissions by extending harvesting periods, increases with increasing price of carbon offset credits, public recognition of forest value, and education level. Willingness to Accept (WTA) was estimated using a Multiple Bounded Dichotomous Choice Question, which was 17,039 KRW/tCO₂ for extending age to 60 years, and 23,070 KRW/tCO₂ for 100 years. The following findings aim to promote participation and supply of carbon offset programs in private forests according to the study outcomes. First, introducing policies supporting private forest owners bearing opportunity costs for avoiding greenhouse gas emissions by postponing timber harvest is needed. Second, educational programs for private forest owners whose awareness of and interests in the public value of forest is necessary. Third, although having participated from the beginning of the offset program, finding ways to lead continuous participation of forest owners who are less likely to accept WTA is also necessary.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.157-185
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• 2014

The Kyoto Protocol has extended its life until 2020 by the decision at COP18 in Doha, Qatar in 2012. So has the Kyoto Mechanism of CDM, JI, and ETS. Nonetheless, the sustainability of CDM projects is jeopardized by the recent rule changes in the international emissions trade market such as EU ETS and the price decrease in emission credits. In particular, the domestic CDM projects reducing non-$CO_2$ GHG emissions are being directly affected. This study examines the trend of carbon credit price change in the international market. It also examines how the rule changes in the international emissions trade market have affected domestic non-$CO_2$ CDM projects through which mechanisms. The policy implications drawn from this study is two-fold: it suggests how the government can assist the project developers in utilizing GHG emission reduction technologies and the market in promoting investment environment before the domestic ETS enters into effect in 2015; apart from possible measures within ETS, an additional measures such as bilateral carbon offset system is suggested to help the private sector reduce uncertainty in investment and increase options to choose.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.235-254
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• 1998

본 연구의 목적은 1993년에 미국에서 도입된 변동요율제도(risk-based deposit insurance system)의 도입으로 인한 미국은행들의 위험.이윤추구행동의 변화와 이러한 변화에 대한 주식시장 투자가들의 평가에 대한 실증적분석에 있다. 1989-1995년간 82개 미국 상장은행들을 대상으로 한 분석 결과 변동요율제도의 도입이후에 고(高)위험수준 은행, 즉 비싼 보험료를 부과받게 될 은행들의 위험추구는 저(低)위험수준 은행, 즉 낮은 보험료를 부과받게 될 은행들의 위험추구에 비하여 유의적으로 낮아졌음을 발견하였으며 이러한 결과는 은행산업의 안정을 도모하기 위하여 도입된 변동요율제도의 유효성을 뒷받침하여 주는 결과라고 할 수 있을것이다. 한편 변동요율제도하에서 고(高)위험.고(高)보험료로 인하여 위험추구가 많이 감소된 은행들은 위험추구의 감소로 인한 기대이윤(expected profit)의 감소를 이자율마진의 유리한 조정을 통해 은행고객 즉 예금자와 대출자들에게 집합적으로 전가함으로써 다소 만회할 수 있었다. 그러나 이러한 이자율마진의 유리한 조정은 위험추구의 감소로 인한 기대이윤의 감소를 완전히 상쇄하지는 못하였으며 따라서 주식시장 투자가들의 일반적인 평가는 변동요율제도하에서 위험추구가 많이 감소된 은행 즉 고(高)위험.고(高)보험료 은행의 주가수익율이 저(低)위험 저(低)보험료 은행의 주가수익을 보다 대체로 많이 하락하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Cement
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• s.195
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• pp.13-19
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• 2012

정부가 "온실가스 배출권의 할당 및 거래에 관한 법률" 시행령(안)을 마련하고 지난 7월 23일 입법예고했다. 이번 시행령은 시장기능을 활용하여 효과적으로 국가 온실가스 감축목표를 달성하기 위해 온실가스 배출권을 할당하고 거래하는 제도를 도입하는 것을 내용으로 하는 "온실가스 배출권의 할당 및 거래에 관한 법률"이 지난 5월 14일 제정 공포됨에 따라 배출권거래제 기본계획 및 국가 배출권 할당계획의 수립, 배출권 할당대상업체의 지정, 배출권의 할당 및 거래, 배출량의 보고 검증 인증, 배출권의 제출 이월 차입 및 상쇄 등 법률에서 위임된 사항과 그 시행에 필요한 사항을 정하기 위해서이다. 정부 측은 이번 시행령(안)은 EU 등 해외사례를 참고하여 글로벌 스탠더드와 우리 경제의 현실을 반영하여 배출권거래제를 설계했다고 밝혔다.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.283-288
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• 2016

In this study, applicability of GHG ETS Offset Program in Korea for a refrigerant sector was analyzed by reviewing foreign management policy and project status in progress related to refrigerants in the disposal stage. In order to derive the implication of the domestic Offset Program, it was looked into approved offset projects and certified offset credits current state in Korea. Offset Program has approved 22 methodologies up to the present, so it is necessary to enhance the accessibility to GHG reduction in various industrial sector including the refrigerant sector by developing appropriate methodologies. In this study firstly, it was investigated that management regulation of countries are managing the refrigerants in the disposal stage such as United States, Japan, Australia. Secondly, of CDM methodologies there were two methodologies associated with the refrigerant reduction(treatment), which were decomposition HFC-23 and destruction of HFC-134a. Also there were a non-registered methodology about destruction of HFC-134a of end of life vehicles. Lastly, in California according to Compliance Offset Program, there was Compliance Offset Protocol in ODS Projects that provided eligible conditions. Based on the review, it was examined the possible conditions for domestic offset project for refrigerant sector