• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.52-52
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• 2011

최근 지구온난화가 가속화되면서 전 세계적으로 기상재해가 급증하고 있다. 특히 강우패턴의 변화를 고려한 강수 전망 연구결과는 온실가스 농도 증가로 호우나 가뭄, 대설 등이 지역에 따라 서로 상반되는 변화를 가져올 가능성이 있으며, 우리나라의 경우도 극한강수의 발생빈도가 1990년대 후반 이래로 뚜렷하게 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있다. 현재 우리나라에서도 이러한 기후변화에 대비하기 위해 여러 가지 가뭄연구를 수행하고 있는 실정이다. 일반적으로 가뭄의 해석에는 그 목적에 따라 여러 가지 지표를 이용하여 가뭄을 정의하며, 그 중 강수 및 하천유량 등은 기상 및 수문학적 가뭄을 판단하기 위한 지표로 널리 사용되고 있다. 특히 강수의 부족은 가뭄의 주된 요인이라 할 수 있으며, 가뭄의 정량적 평가에 효과적으로 이용될 수 있다. 즉 평균수준(혹은 절단수준)을 설정하고 가뭄의 지속기간, 심도, 발생빈도 등을 정의한 후, 이를 시계열 분석하여 가뭄의 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 또한 가뭄은 지속기간과 심도를 주요 특성변수를 가지는 이변량 수문사상이므로, 이를 반영한 확률 및 통계학적 해석방법의 적용이 반드시 필요하다. 그러므로 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 가뭄특성을 가뭄지속기간과 심도의 이변량을 동시에 고려하여 지점별 가뭄빈도해석을 수행하였으며, 지역별 가뭄발생특성을 고려하여, 강우관측지점별 과거에 발생한 최대가 뭄사상에 대한 가뭄위험도를 계산하였다. 그 결과, 우리나라 지점별 미래에 연속되는 10, 50, 100, 150년에 따라 과거의 최대가뭄이 발생할 확률을 지도로 도시하여 지역적 가뭄위험도를 분석하여 가뭄위험지역을 예상하였다. 이는 우리나라 내 가뭄취약지역의 우선순위를 결정하고, 실제로 국가적인 차원에서의 장기적인 가뭄관리를 하는 데 있어, 가뭄취약지역별 차별성 있는 가뭄대응방안을 마련하는 데 있어서도 하나의 객관적 근거로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.69-75
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of age and gender on Eastern and Western cultural values imbedded in online advertising. This study conducted a survey of 180 men and women ages between 10s and 60s who lived in Seoul, Korea. They responded the acceptance degree of six online advertising emphasized three Korean traditional values and three Modern values. Research hypotheses of this study were the acceptance of cultural values in online advertising is different between ages, but similar between gender. The hypotheses were supported as the previous studies. Findings suggest several theoretical and practical implications that convergence between modern and traditional values is a more important variable to study in the research of online advertising.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.955-963
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• 2017

Nowadays, fintech becomes the key technology of the mobile banking and payments. Financial market is moved to fintech-based non-face-to-face trade/payment from traditional face-to-face process in Korea. Core of this transition is the smartphones, which have several sensitive sensors for personal identifications such as fingerprint and iris recognition sensors. But it has some originated security risks by data path attacks, for instance, hacking and pharming. Multi-level certification and security systems are applied to avoid these threats effectively, while these protections can be cause of some inconvenience for non-face-to-face certifications and financing processes. In this paper, I confirmed that it have sensible differences correspond with the data connection paths such as WiFi networks and mobile communication networks of the smartphones, and I propose a gradual certification method which alleviates the inconvenience by risk-level definitions of the data-paths.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.8-8
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• 2021

2020년 6월 발전용댐의 다목적활용 선포로 국내 발전용댐은 발전에 제한되었던 기능이 홍수조절, 용수공급, 환경개선 등으로 확장되었다. 특히 북한강 수계에는 화천댐부터 팔당댐까지 5개의 발전용댐이 직렬로 배치되어 있기 때문에 기능에 따른 통합연계운영은 해당 수계 내 수자원 활용의 효율성을 높여줄 것으로 기대되고 있다. 그러나, 발전용댐의 주요 목적인 발전과 부가 목적인 홍수조절 및 용수공급은 수자원 활용 측면에서 상반된 운영을 수행해야 하므로 효율성 측면에서 세심한 운영이 필요하다. 국내에는 과거 발전용댐의 운영과 관련한 많은 연구가 진행되어 왔고 최근에는 회복탄력성 개념을 도입하여 단일 발전용댐에 대한 운영방안을 제시하였다(Kim et al., 2020). 그러나 발전가능수위의 회복력으로 정의된 발전용댐의 회복탄력성은 직렬 배치되어 있을 경우 상·하류 상황에 따라 달라질 수 있다. 즉, 상·하류의 방류상황에 따라 단일 댐 혹은 수계 내 존재하는 발전용댐의 발전기능, 이수기능, 치수기능은 상호간섭 영향을 받게 된다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 회복탄력성 개념을 직렬배치된 발전용댐에 적용하여 댐 연계운영방안을 제시하고자 한다. 과거 유입량 자료를 활용하여 발전용댐 연계 모의운영을 수행하였고, 그 결과로 수계 내 발전용댐 전체의 회복탄력성, 발전량, 홍수위험일수, 무효방류량 등을 평가하였다. 또한 단일 댐 운영과 비교하여 연계운영 효과에 대해 분석하였다. 향후 병렬배치의 댐 운영과 경제성 평가분석이 이뤄진다면 국내 한강수계 실정에 맞는 발전용댐 최적 운영기준을 제시할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.371-397
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• 2011

Field practicum is the core of Social Work education and plays a key role in the integration of theory and practice. To maximize the effectiveness of field education, it is important that both the faculty field liaison and field instructor are cooperated. However, the current field education is almost dependent on the supervision by field instructors. This study explores the perception on the areas of supervision by using the Q-methodology. As a result, the perception of faculty field liaison was categorized into three types and field instructors' was two. Their types of perception were partially overlapped rather than contrast. Findings of the study suggested the need for greater collaboration between academia and agencies.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.399-407
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the physicochemical properties of different batches of Saururus chinensis using different roasting temperature that were dried at different using different roasting temperatures and their were determined the antioxidative activities of water and 70% ethanol extracts. Methods: Extracts were examined for the total phenolic acid content, the and flavonoids contents and the antioxidant properties, including DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTs scavenging activity and, the reducing power. Results: Moisture content was significantly higher in the LSC and the crude ash content was significantly higher in the HSC. The crude protein content was higher in the LSC (although not significantly), and the crude fat and carbohydrate contents were higher in the HSC (although not significantly). The total phenolic content was lower in the samples extracted with water, but there was no significant difference. However, the extracts extracted with 70% ethanol at a high drying temperature were significantly higher. The low temperature and high drying temperature batches of Saururus chinensis were significantly higher in the samples extracted with 70% ethanol than those extracted with 70% ethanol. The total phenolic acid content, the total flavonoid content and the electron donating ability were highest in the ethanol extract of Saururuschinensis treated at a high temperature. However, the ABTs radical activity was highest in the water extracted, high-temperature treated Saururuschinensis. The 70% ethanol extract of high temperature roasted Saururuschinensis had the highest antioxidative activities of all the Saururuschinensis batches. Conclusion: The total phenolic acid contents, total flavonoid contents, electron donating activity and reducing power activity were highest in all the 70% ethanol extraction batches of the high-temperature treated samples.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2021

We conducted a 4 × 4 diallel cross-mating test using 934 chickens from four grandparent stock lines to develop a new synthetic breed of Korean native chicken. The mean values, combining ability, and reciprocal effects on survival rate, body weight, and hen-day egg production were analyzed. In phenotypes, most chickens have yellowish-brown, reddish-brown and mixed color feathers. The average survival rate was 86.8±12.3%, with the highest in YH combination. Specific combining ability (SCA) had a greater effect on survival rate than general combining ability (GCA), and the SCA of HY combination was the highest. The 16 cross-combinations were distinctly divided into three weight groups according to their genetic characteristics. At 12 weeks of age, GCA showed a greater effect on weight than SCA, and the SCA of FH combination was the highest. The age at first egg laying was 157 days, and the crosses reached sexual maturity faster than the pure lines. The egg production rate was highest in SY at 79.5±2.1%. The GCA and SCA for hen-day egg production were similar, and the SCA was highest in the HS and FY combinations. The reciprocal effect showed that the offspring's egg production rate was high when S and Y were maternal parents in almost all combinations. In conclusion, FH and HF combinations, which have excellent growth performance, are the most desirable paternal parent stock strains, and FY, FS, HY, and SY combinations, which have excellent laying performance with moderate weight, are the preferred maternal strains.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.526-535
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• 1992

Background: The oxygen radicals released by alveolar macrophages contribute to killing of microorganisms including M. tuberculosis. Macrophages are "primrd" for enhanced oxygen radical release by macrophage activator like IFN-$\gamma$ and LPS, which do not themselves cause release of oxygen radicals. Actural production of oxygen radicals is "triggered" by phagocytosis or by exposure to chemical stimuli like PMA or FMLP. There has been debates about the priming effect of alveolar macro phages because they are exposed to usual environmental particles unlike blood monocytes. Therefore we examined priming effect of IFN-$\gamma$ in human alveolar macrophages comparing with that in blood monocytes and rat alveolar macrophages. And we observed the alterations of superoxide production in both human and rat alveolar macrophages after exposure to M. tuberculosis H37Ra bacilli itself and its lysate. Methods: Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was processed to isolate alveolar macrophages by adherence and the adherent cells were removed by cold shock method. After exposure to M. tuberculosis H37Ra strain, alveolar macrophages were incubated for 24 hours with IFN-$\gamma$. The amount of superoxide production stimulated with PMA was measured by ferricytochrome C reduction method. Results: 1) The priming effect in human alveolar macrophages was not observed even with high concentration of IFN-$\gamma$ while it was observed in blood monocytes and rat alveolar macrophages. 2) Both human and rat alveolar macrophages exposed to avirulent H37Ra strain showed triggering of superoxide release and similar results were shown with the exposure to H37Ra lysate. Conclusion: The priming effect in human alveolar macrophages is not observed because of its usual exposure to environmental particles and avirulent H37Ra strain does not inhibit the activation of alveolar macrophages.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.13-38
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• 2001

The question about whether a shorter workweek may increase employment has been a serious issue and been furiously debated among collective bargainers. The advocators recommend publicly that a reduction in standard working hours will provide benefits to the unemployed through the provision of new jobs, and also can improve the quality of life workers. The opponents argue that a shorter workweek will increase labor costs and induce firms to reduce their production levels, and consequently cut back their demand for labor. Although the debate is still continuing, considerable has been made toward achieving the goal workweek reduction. The analytical framework of this paper is a Putty-clay-model, in which the short-and long-term impacts of changes in working time on the employment associated with the interrelations of wages, prices, hourly labour productivity, the firm's labor demand, business cycle and economic growth etc. must be analyzed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.254-282
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• 1977

To obtain information on the inheritance of the quantitative characters related with the vegetative and reproductive growth of rice, the $F_1$ seeds were obtained in 1974 from the all possible combinations of the diallel crosses among five leading rice varieties : Nongbaek, Tongil, Palgueng, Mangyeong and Gimmaze. The $F_1$'s including reciprocals and parents were grown under the standard cultivation method at Chungnam Provincial Office of Rural Development in 1975. The arrangement of experimental plots was randomized block design with 3 replications and 12 characters were used for the analysis. Analytical procedure for genetic components was followed the Griffing's and Hayman's methods and the results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. In all $F_1$'s of Tongil crosses, the longer duration to heading was due to dominant effect of Tongil and each $F_1$ showed high heterosis in delaying the heading time. It was assumed that non-allelic gene action besides dominant gene effect might be involed in days to heading character. However, in all $F_1$'s from the crosses among parents excluding Tongil the shorter duration was due to dominant gene action and the degree of dominance was partial, since dominance effects were not greater than the additive effect. The non-allelic gene interaction was not significant. Considering the results mentioned above, it was regarded that there were two kinds of Significantly different genetic systems in the days to heading. 2. The rate of heterosis was significantly different depending upon the parents used in the crosses. For instance, the $F_1$'s from Togil cross showed high rate of heterosis in longer culm. Compared to short culm, longer culm was due to recesive gene action and short culm was due to recesive gene action. The dominant gene effect was greater than the additive gene effect in culm length. The narrow sense of heretability was very low and the maternal effects as well as reciprocal effects were significantly recognized. 3. The lenght of the of the uppermost internode of each $F_1$ plant was a little lorger than these of respective parental means or same as those of parents having long internodes, indicating partial dominance in the direction of lengthening the uppermost internodes. The additive gene effects on the uppermost internode was greater than the dominance gene effect. The narrow as well as broad sense of heritabilities for the character of the uppermost internode were very high. There were significant maternal and reciprocal effect in the uppermost internode. 4. The gene action for the flag leaf angle was rather dominance in a way of getting narrower angle. However, in the Palgueng combinations, heterosis of $F_1$ was observed in both narrow and wide angles of the flag leaf. The dominant effects were greater than the additive effects on the flag leaf angle. There were observed also a great deal of non-allelic gene interacticn on the inheritance of the flag leaf angle. 5. Even though the dominant gene action on the length and width of flag leaf was effective in increasing the length or width of the flag leaf, there were found various degrees of hetercsis depending upon the cross combination. Over-dominant gene effect were observed in the inheritance of length of the flag leaf, while additive gene effects was found in the inheritance of the width of the flag leaf. High degree of heretabilities, either narrow or broad sense, were found in both length and width of the flag leaf. No maternal and reciprocal effect were found in both characters. 6. When Tongil was used as one parent in the cross, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was remarkedly longer than that of parents. In other cross comination, the length of panicle of $F_1$'s was close to the parental mean values. Rather greater dominent gene effect than additive gene effect was observed in the inheritance of panicle length and the dominant gene was effective in increasing the panicle length. 7. The effect of dominant genes was effective in increasing the number of panicles. The degree of heterosis was largely dependent on the cross combination. The effect of dominant gene in the inheritance of panicle number was a little greater than that of additive genes, and the inheritance of panicle number was assumed to be due to complete dominant gene effects. Significantly high maternal and reciprocal effects were found in the character studied. 8. There were minus and plus values of heterosis in the kernel number per panicle depending upon the cross combination. The mean dominant effect was effective in increasing the kernel number per panicle, the degree of dominant effect varied with cross combination. The dominant gene effect and non-allelic gene interaction were found in the inheritance of the kernel number per panicle. 9. Genetic studies were impossible for the maturing ratio, because of environmental effects such as hazards delaying heads. The dominant gene effect was responsible for improving the maturing ratio in all the cross combinations excluding Tongil 10. The heavier 1000 grain weight was due to dominant gene effects. The additive gene effects were greater than the dominant gene effect in the 1000 grain weight, indicating that partial dominance was responsible for increasing the 1000 grain weight. The heritabilites, either narrow or broad sense of, were high for the grain weight and maternal or reciprocal effects were not recognized. 11. When Tongil was used as parent, the straw weight was showing high heterosis in the direction of increasing the weight. But in other crosses, the straw weight of $F_1$'s was lower than those of parental mean values. The direction of dominant gene effect was plus or minus depending upon the cross combinations. The degree of dominance was also depending on the cross combination, and apparently high nonallelic gene interaction was observed.