• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.213-224
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• 2020

This research conducted a component analysis and conservation treatment of "Sangryangmun," a material which had been written in 1965 and was discovered during the repair project for "Jinnamgwan" in Yeosu. The "Sangryangmun" has been stored in a cylindrical metal storage; however, defects, discolorations, hardening, and damages caused by pollutants were found. Based on the XRF analysis, rust in the cylindrical metal storage, which was made of Cu, was stuck on the surface of the "Sangryangmun". Using FT-IR and Pyrolysis-GC/MS analyses, carbonyl and compounds of fatty acids were detected; the organic material on the surface of the "Sangryangmun" was identified to have belonged to oil-based components. Therefore, it was presumed that the bast fibers of a mulberry was used in the paper. To determine the conservation materials, component analysis, condition survey, and preliminary test on adhesives were conducted. Moreover, the missing parts and partial linings were filled using mulberry-fiber paper, methyl cellulose, etc.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.31
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• pp.294-312
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• 1998

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.45-60
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• 2016

Sangnyang-mun(上樑文) is not only a memorial address for the ceremony of putting up the ridge beam, namely the sangnyang-ceremony(上樑式) but also the executional record of building construction. This paper aims at researching on the oldest five sangnyang-muns written for the constructions of palaces and government offices in Goryeo Dynasty, especially viewed in the architectural history. The results of that are as follows: First, it is supposed that sangnyang-mun originated in the ancient Chinese ceremonial songs for the celebration of building construction. Second, as compared against the former times, the sangnyang-muns in Goryeo Dynasty were written to the advanced establishing forms and literary patterns, so to speak, these were the more developed styles. Third, in the 12th century, sangnyang-mun was introduced from Chinese Song to Goryeo. To the late period of J oseon Dynasty, sangnyang-mun had been to write for the sangnyang-ceremony as necessary memorial address. Fourth, the writers of five sangnyang-muns in Goryeo Dynasty were the new civil ministers appointed by the soldier rulers. They wrote the contents of their sangnyang-muns, especially focused to the king's achievements. And in the yugwi-song(六衛頌), they recited six poems in which were complicated the world view and aesthetics of the time.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.43-58
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• 2018

This paper aims at researching on the substantial characters of the memorial address, namely the mookseo-myeongs(墨書銘), written at the members of the wooden buildings in the late period of Goryeo Dynasty and the early period of JoseonDynasty. In this paper, I pursued to declare the systematic origins by the comparison the Buddhist buildings with the other buildings, on the focused the written patterns. Furthermore, I tried to examine the transitional trends in the late period of Joseon Dynasty. The results are as follow: First, it is supposed that the mookseo-myeongs of the Buddhist buildings were not used for the a memorial address for the ceremony of putting up the ridge beam, so to speak the sangryang-muns(上樑文), but the prayer address(發願文) to memorize the donations of the believers for the constructions. Second, it is supposed that 'the short sangryang-muns' were originated in the mookseo-myeongs of Buddhist buildings and the other ancient prayer address. In the late period of JoseonDynasty, those were established in the formal literary styles. Third, to the early period of JoseonDynasty, 'the long sangryang-muns' were partially used in the several royal palaces. In the late, those were widely used not only in the royal palaces but also in Buddhist buildings, but those literary patterns were rarely changed from the former types.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2020

This paper attempts to study on the substantial characters of the sangryang-muns written for the constructions of Sudara-jang and Beopbo-jeon at Haein-sa in the years of king Gwanghae and king Injo. On that basis, it also attempts to declare the first time that the Buddhist Order firstly used long sangryang-mun, and to presume the backgrounds of the constructions. The results are as follows: First, the queen, Mrs. Ryu and court ladies of king Gwanhae had participated as donators to the constructions. Therefore, it is supposed that the constructions had been promoted by the queen's Buddhistic beliefs as well as the commemoration of the 6th award of eulogistic posthumous title to king Gwanghae. Second, throughout the history of Korean Buddhism, long sangryang-mun was firstly used in the construction of Sudara-jang. Therefore, we can see the fact that long sangryang-mun was introduced to the Buddhist Order, as donation by royal families. But the long sangryang-mun couldn't be suitable for the traditional customs of Buddhism, the monks wrote additionally the Balwon-mun, so to speak, the pryer address. Third, the sangryang-mun of Beopbo-jeon was written in the mixed format of long sangryang-mun and traditional Balwon-mun. It is supposed that the Buddhist monks wanted to keep the traditional customs. Four, in the late period of J oseon dynasty, the same formats as the sangryang-muns of Sudara-jang and Beopbo-jeon have been widely used in the various Buddhist buildings. Consequently, it is supposed that these three sangryang-muns were the embryonic formats for the major types of the late Buddhist building sangryang-muns.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.21
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• pp.231-245
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• 1988

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.18
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• pp.357-362
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• 1985

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.72-94
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• 2022

This study is about the architectural changes over time in Dongchun-gotaek, the house of Song Jun-gil, one of the representative figures of the Hoseosarim(湖西士林), also an architectural cultural asset representing Daejeon. Data related to Sangryang(上樑) found in the restoration process of Dongchundang(同春堂) and DongchundangJongtaek(同春堂 宗宅), the state designated heritage application report written by Daejeon Metropolitan City, Deokeun-gaseung(德恩家乘), a book which has been handed down from generation to generation from Dongchundang Munjeonggongpa(同春堂 文正公派) of Eunjin Song's Clan and the results of partial excavation surveys respectively conducted in 2010 and 2020 were used as basic research data, and these data were compared and analyzed to examine the changes of the arrangement of Dongchundang, Jeongchim(正寢), and ancestral shrine buildings. Dongchundang was built by Song Jun-Gil. Rather than a new building, it was a building that was basically relocated to its current area when Cheongjwawa(淸坐窩), which was built by his father, dilapidated, and the timing of its construction can be clarified through Sangryangmun(上樑文). However, in the estimated area of Cheongjwawa, no exact site was found in two surveys of buried cultural heritages. In the case of Jeongchim, it was possible to confirm that it had been relocated two times, and it can be said that the biggest achievement of this study was to confirm that the first relocation was outside the current fence. In addition, one of the building sites which was identified in the excavation survey for confirming the servants' quarters was estimated to be the first construction at the site of Dongchun-gotaek. In the shrine area, there were the first constructed Gamyo(家廟), including Byeolmyo(別廟) dedicated to Bulcheonwi(不遷位), and Jomyo(祧廟) dedicated to Checheon(遞遷), and it can be seen that it was a space where many changes such as new construction, demolition, or mutual exchange of location occurred over time. The present buildings arrangement through these processes was not far from the original plan of Song Joon-gil. Therefore, the name of 'Dongchun-gotaek' is appropriate.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.47-64
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the foundation and subsequent reconstruction years of Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon in Busan, especially based on the five records of this building. Moreover, this paper aims to analyze the possibility of the architectural type changes by comparison with nearby Buddhist buildings. The results of this study are summarized as follows. First, Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon was built in 1655. Afterward, it had been repaired through five times, but most members of it's wood-framework were found to had been prepared and constructed in 1655. Second, such as the gongpo type, roof type, module system, intercolumnar distance and proportion of intercolumnar distance and column-height, the architectural type of this building is similar to nearby Sinhung-sa Daekwang-jeon. This was because the identical monk-craftsmen carried out the many constructions of nearby temples with their architectural skills at the same period. Third, in particular, the style and created-time of the front gongpos are different from those of the rear gongpos. That is why the front gongpos were replaced when Unsoo-sa Daeoong-jeon was reconstructed in 1771.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.34
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• pp.196-209
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• 2001

Kunjung-mun Gate the only existing multi-level palace gate from the Chosun Dynasty, is the main fate of Kungjung-jun, the central building of Kyungbok-koong Palace. Sangryangmun(a written record of the construction of the ridge beam) of Kunjung-mun Gate was discovered in a hole under its main beam during the renovation project on September 19th, 2000. At the time of discovery, Sangryangmun was found in its original state as a rolled up scroll. On a clould-patterned, red silk cloth, 78 cm in width and 1200 cm in length, each of all 92 lines of the Kunjung-mun Sangryangmun is comprised of either 7 or 11 brush-written, ornamental "Seal" characters. With an exception of its discoloration, the material is considered well preserved. After its discovery, the National Institute of Cultural Properties stored the document in an airtight container for a permanent preservation. In accordance to the Royal Command at the time, the Kunjung-mun Sangryangmun was composed by Kim Byungi, then written by Lee Donsang on January 19th 1867. This document records the meaning and the process of the repair effort of Kunjung-mun Gate includes the wish for peace and longevity of the Chosun Kingdom and its people.