• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.622-637
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• 1993

The Purposes of this study were to investigate the significant correlation among the length changes of body surface total lines and between the length changes of body surface total lines and those of component body surface segment lines, and to reveal anticipated relation among body surface length changes by the lower limb movement including all movement direction of hip joint, knee joint & ankle joint for the more functional clothing making & designing. 10 Crosswise & 5 lengthwise body surface total lines and 48 crosswise & 39 lengthwise body surface segment lines of 26 female college students aged from 18 to 24 years were measured directly on the body surface and analyzed by ANOYA & Multiple Comparison Test(Tukey), and the length changes of them were calculated as the difference of the mean length at Fl movement from the mean length at each movement and were analyzed by PEARSON CORRELATION. The results were as following : 1. Correlation among the length changes of body surface total lines (1) Correlation among the length changes of body surface total lines significantly changed by the movement ; 1) The more GA5 expanded, the more GA6 & GA7 each expanded, and the more GA18 expanded, the more GA1 & GA3 each expanded. 2) The more GA15 expanded, the less GA14 each contracted. 3) The more GA7 expanded, the larger GA17 contracted. 4) The more GA1 & GA18 expanded, the larger GA16 contracted, and the larger GM contracted, the less GA16 contracted. (2) Only GA7 and GA17(at F4) showed high (over r=0.7) correlation coefficient, But others' correlation coefficients were r=0.4~0.7. (3) Correlation coefficients among & between girth items and length items 1) Correlation coefficients among girth items were shown + ; between GA3 and GA4, GA5, GA8, between GA5 and GA6, GA7, GA9 each, between GA1 and GA6 and between GA4 and GA7. 2) Correlation coefficients among length items were shown + or - ; shown + between GA14 and GA15 and between GA17 and GA16 ; but Shown - Between GAlS and GA16. 3) Correlation coefficients between girth items and length items were mainly shown - : shown-between GA1 and GA16, GA17, between, GA4 and GA16, between GA6, GA7 each and GA17, between GA8 and GA18 ; but shown + between GA1, GA3 each and GA18 and between GA8 and GA14 were shown +. 2. Correlation between the length changes of body surface total lines and those of component body surface segment lines. (1) All correlation coefficients were + except A147 of GA14. (2) Correlation coefficient over r=0.7 was shown ; between GA3 and CB3, A35 each, between GA5 and A054, between GA6 and A63, between GA7 and A72, A74 each, between GA8 and A83, A84 each, between GA15 and A153, between GA16 and Al64, Al65 each, between GA18 and A189 : but was not shown between GA4, GA17 and it's component body surface segment lines each. (3) Characteristics of correlation between the length changes of body surface total lines and those of body surface segment lines ; 1) If significant correlation of body surface total lines were expansion parts, it's component body surface segment lines was also expansion segment and the otherwise were the same. But exception was shown between expansion line GA3 and A031 (at F4), between GA18 and AlS9 (at F6) and between GA14 and A147, so to speak GA3 & lines and GA14 was contraction total line oppositely A147 was expansion. 2) The more GA3, GAlS expanded, the less A031, A189 contracted. 3) The more GA14 contracted, the more A147 expanded. 4) All correlation except the above 2), 3), the more total lines (GA1, GA3, GA5, GA15, GA16, GA18) expanded, the more segment lines (A15, CB1, A31, A34, CB3, A52, A54, A153, A169, A181) expanded, or the larger total lines (GA14, GA16, GA17) contracted, the larger segment lines (A141, A142, A161, A164, A165, A172) contracted.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.115-139
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• 1984

The Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag hydrothermal vein-type deposits which comprise the Sambong mine occur within calc-alkaline volcanics of the Cretaceous Gyeongsang Basin. The ore mineralization took place through three distinct stages of quartz (I and II stages) and calcite veins (III stage) which fill the pre-existing fault breccia zones. These stages were separated in time by tectonic fracturing and brecciation events. The reflection variations of one mineral depending on mineralization sequence are considered to be resulted from variation in its chemical composition due to different physico-chemical conditions in the hydrothermal system. The reflection power of sphalerite increases with the content of Fe substituted for Zn. Reflectances of the sphalerite grain are lower on (111) than on (100) surface. The spectral profiles depend on the internal reflection color. Sphalerite, showing green, yellow and reddish brown internal reflection, have the highest reflection power at $544m{\mu}$ (green), $593m{\mu}$ (yellow) and $615m{\mu}$ (red) wavelength, respectively. Chalcopyrite is recognized as biaxial negative from the reflectivity data of randomly oriented grains measured at the most sensitivity at $544m{\mu}$. The microindentation hardness against the Fe content (wt. %) for the sphalerite increases to 8.05% Fe and then decreases toward 9.5% Fe content. Vickers hardness of the sphalerite is considerably higher on surface of (100) than on (111). The relationship between Vickers hardness and crystal orientation of the galena was determined to be $VHN_{(111)}$ > $VHN_{(210)}$ > $VHN_{(100)}$. The softer sulfides have the wider variation of the diagonal length in the indentation. Diagonal length in the indentation is pyrite

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.3 s.120
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• pp.368-387
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• 2007

In order to explain geomorphological characteristics of the Korean Peninsula, it is necessary to understand the spatial distribution of tectonic movements and its causes. Even though geomorphological elements which might have been formed by tectonic movements(e.g. tilted overall landform, erosion surface, river terrace, marine terraces, etc.) have long been considered as main geomorphological research topics in Korea, the knowledge on the spatial distribution of tectonic movement is still limited. This research aims to identify the spatial distributions of tectonic movement via sequential analyses of Digital Elevation Model(DEM). This paper first developed a set of terrain analysis techniques derived from theoretical interrelationships between tectonic uplifts and landsurface denudation processes. The terrain analyses used in this research assume that elevations along major drainage basin divides might preserve original landsurfaces(psuedo-landsuface) that were formed by tectonic movement with relatively little influence by denudation processes. Psuedo-landsurfaces derived from a DEM show clear spatial distribution patterns with distinct directional alignments. Lines connecting psuedo-landsufaces in a certain direction are defined as psuedo-landsurface axes, which are again categorized into two groups: the first is uplift psuedo-landsurface axes that indicate the axis of landmass uplift; and the second is denudational psuedo-landsurface axes that cross step-shaped pusedo-landsurfaces formed via surface denudation. In total, 13 axes of pusedo-landsurface are identified in the Korean Peninsula, which show distinct direction, length, and relative uplift rate. Judging from the distribution of psudo-landsurfaces and their axes, it is concluded that the Korean Peninsula ran be divided into four tectonic regions, which are named as the Northern Tectonic Region, Center Tectonic Region, Southern Tectonic Region, and East Sea Tectonic Region, respectively. The Northern Tectonic Region had experienced a regional uplift centered at the Kaema plateau, and the rate of uplift gradually decreased toward southern, western and eastern directions. The Center Tectonic Region shows an arch-shaped uplift. Its uplift rate is the highest along the East Sea and the rate decreases towards the Yellow sea. The Southern Tectonic Region shows an asymmetric uplift centered a line connecting Dukyu and Jiri Mountains in the middle of the region. The eastern side of the Southern Regions shows higher uplift rate than that of the western side. The East Sea Tectonic Region includes south-eastern coastal area of the peninsula and Gilju-Myeongchun Jigudae, which shows relatively recent tectonic movements in Korea. Since this research visualizes the spatial heterogeneity of long-term tenonic movement in the Korean peninsula, this would provide valuable basic information on long-term and regional differences of geomorphological evolutionary processes and regional geomorphological differences of the Korean Peninsula.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.64-79
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• 2017

We have reported the petrographic properties on the soda straw primarily based on the field measurements and discussed the causes of their traits. 156 soda straws in district B of the Baeg-nyong Cave nominated with the natural monument No. 260 have been investigated to estimate physical, sedimentological and textural characteristics. The soda straws have an average length of 3.05 cm with a standard deviation of 1.7 cm and a mean diameter of 6.0 mm. This result shows that the average diameter of the soda straws measured in this study is thicker than previous reports by 20%. Although the drip rates of cave water from 85.3% of all the soda straws are exceedingly lower than 1 drop per 10 minutes, almost all soda straws have a dripping water. We firstly report growth lamina in the Korean soda straw from 85.3% of all samples, and this textural dominance indicates that the growth lamina are one of the common features of the soda straws at least in the study area. Secondary precipitations inside the soda straw were identified from 68.6%. Notably, the strong inverse correlation between growth lamina and secondary precipitates was represented from 70.5% of all samples. This finding might be explained by the seasonality of cave drip water supplied into the soda straws or the increased opacity caused by secondary precipitates. Based on petrograhic characteristics, the soda straws in the study area can be classified into normal and erratic types. Hopefully our results on the soda straws in Baeg-nyong Cave would provide a basis for the descriptions of soda straws from other caves and paleoclimatic applications.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.31 no.1 s.84
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

In proceeding with orthodontic treatment, the prediction for the shape, growth rate and growth direction of mandible plays a major role to set up the treatment plan and determine its period and prognosis. Various approaches being made so far have shown that the linear and angular measurement using lateral cephalograms are relatively accurate to estimate them. This study was purposed to find the shape of mandible more clearly by preventing the overlap of the Condyle head area which appears in lateral cephalogram, and to estimate its growth rate by comparing the growth quantity and ratio via lateral area measurement. This experimental was performed against 40 patients total, of which Class I of 14, Class II of 9 and Class III of 17 consist. Wide open lateral cephalograms of 40 patients were taken over average period of 4 Year 3 Months, then the linear and angular measurements were carried out with 11 itemized lists. Autocad Rl4 application program was utilized to draw their appearance, measure and compare their lateral area. As a result of study, conclusions were made as follows; 1. Mandibular body length (gonion-menton) tended to increase in order of CIII, CI and CII, and Mandibular body length of CIII group had a tendency to grow twice faster than that of CII group. 2. In lateral items such as Go-Me, A-Cd, B-Cp, E-F and G-H, CIII showed a significant increase on the year-average quantity and rate of the growth, and especially apparent difference was observed in CIII group rather than CII group. 3. For the 4 Year 3 Months period, the year-average growth quantity of lateral area of the mandible was $1.0cm^2$ for Class I, $0.8cm^2$ for Class II and $1.4cm^2$ for Class III, which corresponds to $11.9\%,\;11.8\%\;and\;20.3\%$ of growth ratio respectively. Thus, growth ratio almost 2 times more than other groups was observed in group CIII while growth ratio between group CI and CII has little difference. 4. Considering the results as above, it can be proposed that the difference in size of the mandible between groups is caused by the difference in the growth rate and growth quantity of the mandible, which generated in the middle of growth, rather than the difference in size of congenital Jaw-bone.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.93-99
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate temperature for water curtain in greenhouses equipped with recirculated water curtain system. The study analyzed the changes in air temperature in non-heated greenhouses for strawberry cultivation based on outdoor temperature, water curtain temperature and night time. Three greenhouse units were used for this study: The first unit was assigned as a control (no water curtain system), two other greenhouses were equipped with recirculated water curtain system with water curtain temperatures of $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. Analysis showed that the indoor temperatures were directly correlated with the outdoor temperature in all experimental greenhouses. Heat insulating effect of $15^{\circ}C$ water curtain was increased by $1.3^{\circ}C$ compared to that in $10^{\circ}C$ water curtain system. The $15^{\circ}C$ water curtain treatment showed the highest average temperature and less temperature variation in comparison with control and $10^{\circ}C$ water curtain treatment. To maintain indoor temperature at $5^{\circ}C$, water curtain temperature of $10^{\circ}C$ was suitable when outdoor minimum and average temperatures were -1.3 and $1.5^{\circ}C$, and water curtain temperature of $15^{\circ}C$ was suitable when outdoor minimum and average temperatures were -4.7 and $-0.2^{\circ}C$, respectively. The highest temperature in greenhouses according to measurements in different periods of night time was observed after sunset (18:30-20:30), and the lowest temperature before sunrise (05:00-07:00). Water curtain maintained a target indoor temperature by acting as a layer of heat transfer insulator which decreased heat loss from greenhouses. Therefore, water temperature in recirculating water curtain systems should be determined by considering outdoor temperatures, changes in temperature at different periods of night time, and cultivated crop.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.30 no.4 s.81
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• pp.441-452
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• 2000

The present studies were performed to investigate the interaction of $17{\beta}$-estradiol and human growth hormone(hGH) on the proliferation of human periodontal ligament(WDL) cell. The independent effects of $17{\beta}$ estradiol and hGH on hPDL cell proliferation were investigated and the effects of hGH on hPDL cell proliferation after $17{\beta}$-estradiol pre-treatment were also investigated. Lastly, the change of hGH receptor expression in hPDL cell after $17{\beta}$-estradiol pre-treatment were investigated. The obtained results were as follows; 1. The treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol or hGH had no significant effects on hPDL cell proliferation. 2. After pre-treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol, hGH stimulated the proliferation of the hPDL cell, regardless of hHG concentration. 3. Although there was not hGH receptor in the hPDL cell, hGH receptors were expressed in hPDL cell after more than 6 hours pre-treatment of $17{\beta}$-estradiol. 4. The effect of hGH on hPDL cell proliferation was related to the hGH receptor expression. $17{\beta}$-estradiol pre-treaaent contributed to the hGH effects on the hPDL cell by stimulating hGHR expression.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.441-451
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• 2019

This study was conducted to investigate the crop characteristics of 181 sweetpotato germplasms collected from Korea and overseas. The longest shoot vine length was observed in IT232211 (354.8 cm) and the shortest shoot vine length was observed in IT232185 (32 cm). The maximum numbers of shoot branches and nodes were produced by IT232091 (23.0) and IT232174 (67.8), respectively. Differences in Rapid Visco Analyser profiles were observed for pasting parameters such peak, trough, final, breakdown, and setback viscosities; and pasting temperature. The peak and breakdown viscosities were highest in IT232050 and IT232010, at 338.3 and 207.2 Rapid Visco Unit (RVU), respectively. The trough viscosity was lowest in IT232019 at 103.8 RVU. IT232101 had the highest final viscosity (284.6 RVU), and IT232192 had the highest setback viscosity (81.7 RVU). IT232197 had the highest pasting temperature at 86.8℃, and that of IT232134 was lowest at 72.7℃. To evaluate functional substance content, we analyzed 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and total polyphenol content. The highest frequency proportion of starch was in the 10%-15% range (50.8% of the plants), followed by the 5%-10% range (38.1% of the germplasms). Sugar content ranged from 13.5 to 33.3% (23.2% on average); the highest frequency proportion of sugar was in the 20%-25% range (56.9% of the germplasms), followed by the 25%-30% range (25.4% of the germplasms). The highest frequency proportion of water was in the 70%-80% range (52.5% of the germplasms), followed by the 60%-70% range (44.2% of the germplasms). Our results provide basic data for the selection of useful resources and for the development of new sweetpotato varieties.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

Most of product designers use 3D CAD system as a inevitable design tool nowadays and many new products are developed through a concurrent engineering process. However, it is very difficult for novice designers to get the sense of reality from modeling objects shown in the computer screens. Such a intangibility problem comes from the lack of haptic interactions and contextual information about the real space because designers tend to do 3D modeling works only in a virtual space of 3D CAD system. To address this problem, this research investigate the possibility of a interactive quantified structure simulation for product design using AR(augmented reality) which can register a 3D CAD modeling object on the real space. We built a quantified structure simulation system based on AR and conducted a series of experiments to measure how accurately human perceive and adjust the size of virtual objects under varied experimental conditions in the AR environment. The experiment participants adjusted a virtual cube to a reference real cube within 1.3% relative error(5.3% relative StDev). The results gave the strong evidence that the participants can perceive the size of a virtual object very accurately. Furthermore, we found that it is easier to perceive the size of a virtual object in the condition of presenting plenty of real reference objects than few reference objects, and using LCD panel than HMD. We tried to apply the simulation system to identify preference characteristics for the appearance design of a home-service robot as a case study which explores the potential application of the system. There were significant variances in participants' preferred characteristics about robot appearance and that was supposed to come from the lack of typicality of robot image. Then, several characteristic groups were segmented by duster analysis. On the other hand, it was interesting finding that participants have significantly different preference characteristics between robot with arm and armless robot and there was a very strong correlation between the height of robot and arm length as a human body.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.3 s.61
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• pp.117-128
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• 2005

The French Belle Epoque is a period where the literary and artistic movement was very activated. The birth of the cubism reflects this atmosphere of the times and the change of paradigm in all fields. The Bergsonism is often designated as one of the important backgrounds of cubism. The problem consists in knowing if Bergsonian ideas gave real influence on the cubist movement and up to what point. Our analysis will show that it is not homogenous and very variable according to painters. In the case of Picasso and Braques it seems be a simple inspiration of Zeitgeist. But the influence upon Metzinger and Gleizes is explicit. The text of 1912, Du cubism, prove their attachment to his thought. The key concept of cubist theory, influenced by Bergsonian philosophy, is the concept of simultaneity. Cubist simultaneity is in one hand a reflection of an artist's psychological experience and the other hand a synthesis of multiple views for grasping the object in itself by the way of conceptual representation. The temporal simultaneity could be identified with the notion of memory, which is a temporal continuity connecting the past to dynamic present. The spatial simultaneity is a juxtaposition of multiple views obtained by the movement around the object. But the dose reading of Bergson's text shows that there is a divergence between the notion of cubist simultaneity and his ideas. The biased interpretation is often, as well as the strict understanding, like the history shows us well, a great source of inspiration and creativity. The cubist mouvement is not far from this case.