• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.365-375
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• 1995

The anemia-inducing strain of Friend virus (FVA) is a murine retrovirus which stimulates the proliferation of erythroid progenitor cells. The progenitor cells synthesized by FVA-stimulation are unable to proceed with differentiation and accumulate in the spleen resulting in splenomegaly in infected mice. Using FVA-inoculated mice as a model, we have investigated the antiretroviral effects of 2',3'-dideoxycytidine (ddC) and recombinant $interferon-{\alpha}-A\;(rIFN-{\alpha}-A)$ on FVA infection. The extent of the infection was determined by measuring the weights of the spleens. Daily intraperitoneal injection of ddC (100 mg/kg body weight), $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ (10 KU/mose) and the combination of both drugs to FVA inoculated mice for 18 days resulted in suppression of the growth of spleens by 15.1%, 52.7% and 61.6%, respectively. When ddC was dissolved in drinking water (0.1 mg/ml) and administered to a group of FVA inoculated mice ad libitum, and $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ (10 KU/mouse) was intraperitoneally injected daily to another group of ddC (0.1 mg/ml) drinking mice for 18days, the growth of spleens was suppressed by 38.4% and 83.2%, respectively. These results indicate that administration of ddC via drinking water is more effective in suppressing FVA infection than the daily injection of ddC, and that the combined effects ddC and $rIFN-{\alpha}-A$ are not synergistic but additive. In order to determine whether ddC treatment alters the characteristic of the progenitor cells with respect to $Ca^{++}$ uptake, $Ca^{++}$ uptake in erythroid cells and the effect of cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) on the $Ca^{++}$ uptake were studied. $Ca^{++}$ uptake in the erythroid progenitor cells was about 20-fold greater than in mouse erythrocytes and the inhibition of $Ca^{++}$ uptake by CHA was the greatest in the progenitor cells from FVA infected mice which were treated with ddC. The inhibition was obviated by theophylline. Results of CHA binding studies showed that the erythroid progenitor cells contain both high and low affinity CHA binding sites, whereas mose erythrocytes contain only the low affinity CHA binding sites.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.121-130
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• 2007

To investigate the enhancement in strength and deformation capacities of concrete confined by FRP composites, tests under axial loads were carried out on three groups of thirty six short columns in circular section with diverse GFRP confining reinforcement. The major test variables considered include fiber content or orientation, wrap or tube type by varying the end loading condition, and continuous or discontinuous confinement depending on the presence of vortical spices between its two halves. The circumferential FRP strains at failure for different types of confinements were also investigated with emphasis. Various analytical models capable of predicting the ultimate strength and strain of the confined concrete were examined by comparing to observed results. Tests results showed that FRP wraps or tubes provide the substantial increase in strength and deformation, while partial wraps comprising the vertical discontinuities fail in an explosive manner with less increase in strength, particularly in deformation. A bilinear stress-strain response was observed throughout all tests with some variations of strain hardening. The failure hoop strains measured on the FRP surface were less than those obtained from the tensile coupons in all tests with a high degree of variation. In overall, existing predictive equations overestimated ultimate strengths and strains observed in present tests, with a much larger scatter related to the latter. For more accuracy, two simple design- oriented equations correlated with present tests are proposed. The strength equation was derived using the Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion, whereas the strain equation was based on entirely fitting of test data including the unconfined concrete strength as one of governing factors.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.119-127
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• 2011

The main purpose of this paper is to apply Zone 30 system which is being experimented in advanced country for the solution of controlling the residential street's speed to our country with the consideration of the real condition of our street and traffic and to run this system as an example to analyze the effect and at the same time, analyze the problem and get appropriate preparation for this system to be widespread. The area to run this model project is Goyang City Ilsan-Gu.($0.65km^2$) which is close with the commercial area reflecting the opinion of experts and an on-site verification by the National Police Agency T/F and is having a heavy pedestrian traffic and the risk of pedestrian accident. Firstly we defined residential street and residential street area to review the system and devided the residential street type to establish a plan of operation. Afterwards, we thoroughly examined the model project area and analyzed the problem and solution. We finally completed establishing a facilities by conference with a local autonomous entity with the improvement of facility's sketch at the analysis of the model project area. The result of effects analysis which we devided after and before of establishment is that vehicle speed be reduced 5~15km/h, and traffic accidents has decreased by 24 percent.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.28-31
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• 1982

Flacherie virus (FV) is an important pathogen in the silkworm, which often gives serious damage to farmers for cocoon production. The inbred parents and F$_1$'s from an eight-parent diallel were examined to determine the inheritance of resistance to flacherie virus in the silkworm. Three resistant (R), two intermediate (M) and three susceptible (S) inbreds were used in the diallel with no reciprocals. Mean resistance was measured by survival rates of larvae which were fed on mulberry leaves sprayed with diluted mid-gut homogenate of FV infected larvae. Broad-sense heritability was obtained according to inbreds and F$_1$ family performance. Estimation of general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) was made according to Griffing's Model 1, Method 2. Mean FV resistance of F$_1$ family displayed additive effect of the major gene, while heterotic effect was not significant. Considerable variation in FV resistance within F$_1$ groups of R$\times$S and S$\times$S indicated that action of minor genes for FV resistance may have been involved. FV resistance of inbreds perse and predominant effect of the major gene over minor gene(s) satisfactorily predicted the FV resistance of the hybrids. Broadsense heritability value of FV resistance on the basis of F$_1$ family performance averaged 93%, which suggested that environmental effects might have not been important in this experiment. GCA was highly significant for FV resistant among inbreds. GCA effect of 13.1 in Jam 108 was highest and -17.7 in Gyeongchu lowest. Effective selection for high FV resistance would be possible, using inbreds with high GCA effect and low GCA variance. SCA was significant among hybrids. High SCA effect in the hybrid of Geumho$\times$Mudeung (13.7) and Hansaeng #4$\times$Jam 115 (11.6) indicated that the interaction effect of minor genes for resistance to FV in the silkworm could be exploited by standard silkworm breeding procedures.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.27 no.3 s.90
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• pp.237-241
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• 1999

To search for less toxic antiviral agents from Basidiomycetes, the water soluble components (=EA), were isolated from the carpophores of Elfvingia applanata (Pers.) Karst. Anti-varicella zoster virus (Oka strain; anti-VZV/Oka) activity of EA was examined in MRC-5 cells by plaque reduction assay in vitro. And the combined antiviral effects of EA with interferon (IFN) alpha or IFN gamma were examined on the multiplication of VZV/Oka. EA exhibited a dose-dependent reduction in the plaque formation of VZV/Oka with 50% effective concentration $(EC_{50})$ of $464.14\;{\mu}g/ml$. The results of the combination assay were evaluated by the combination index (CI) that was calculated by the multiple drug effect analysis. The combination of EA with IFN alpha showed partially synergistic or additive effects with CI values of $0.83{\sim}1.09$ for 50%, 70%, 90% effective levels, and those with IFN gamma showed antagonism with CI values of $1.20{\sim}1.24$.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.317-326
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• 1996

To know whether pyrazosulfuron-ethyl(PYR) and imazaquin(IMA), known as a acetolactate synthase(ALS) inhibitors, have a same herbicidal action pattern in rice(Oryza sativa) or barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli), an inhibition pattern and a response characteristics in combination with dymron or butachlor were investigated. In contrast to the phytotoxicity of rice treated with IMA, the one treated with PYR was completely tended to be recovered after 25 days after treatment. Safening effect of dymron against PYR was effectively developed to transplanted-rice, while such an effect was not shown in combination with IMA. In combination with PYR and butachlor, antagonistic effect was observed in both simultaneous or sequential treatment on bamyardgrass, however, additive effect was rather shown in combination with IMA and its activity was dominantly dependent on the first applied compound. $I_{50}$ of PYR and IMA on the ALS extracted from barnyardgrass was $4{\times}10^{-7}$M and $2.8{\times}10^{-6})$M, respectively. Butachlor did not affect their activities on ALS in vitro. These results suggest that PYR and IMA might have a different action each other in the pathway to a final herbicidal activity even though their primary action site is ALS.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.3231-3239
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• 2014

After 1970-80's rapid economic and urban development, nowadays the old downtown suffers from the deterioration of physical environment, outflow of its function and cavitation of population. And this phenomenon makes urban regeneration as a new paradigm in urban development. This is the case of Myeongdong area (Jungang-dong, Monsung-dong), old downtown of Cheonan around rail station, in the same way. City government has tried many regeneration/ redevelopment projects on this area but all failed due to lack of feasibility. This study intends to suggest new viable strategic regeneration scheme of this area through research and analysis of TOD development, existing condition and problems. As a result, the area needs to be considered as a node that links bus terminal complex and central market place with walkable street. For regeneration of this area, a strategic development scheme of this area is suggested deploying private capital invested rail station, underground shopping mall, transfer center, culture complex and nature park with Myeongdong street mall.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.947-954
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• 2017

In case of a fire in urban large structures such as super high-rise buildings, evacuation guidance must be provided to the occupants in order to minimize human deaths and injuries. Therefore, it is essential to provide emergency evacuation guidance when a major fire occurs. In order to effectively support evacuation guidance, it is important to identify major items such as fire location, occupant position, escape route, etc. Also, it is important to quickly identify evacuation areas where residents can safely evacuate from a fire. In this paper, we analyze the CCTV video and propose a method of measuring visibility of the evacuation zone from the smoke caused by the fire in order to determine the safety of evacuation area. To do this, we first extract the background video from the smoke video to measure the visibility of the specific area due to smoke. After generating an edge-extracted image for the extracted background video, the degree of visibility is measured by calculating the change in the edge strength due to smoke.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.281-313
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• 1976

To obtain fundamental informations on cotton breeding efficiences for Korea, individual genetic relationships and interrelationships between the agronomic characteristics of Upland cotton were investigated. These experiments were couducted at the Mokpo Branch Station $(34^{\circ}48'N, $ $126^{\circ}23'E$ and altitude of 10m above sea level) from 1969 through 1972. Heterosis, combining ability, dominance and recessive gene action, genetic variance, and phenotypic and genotypic correlation were investigated by $F_1'S$ from an 11-parent partial diallel cross and the segregating $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations of the cross Paymaster times Heujueusseo Trice. The following points resulted from this study, 1. Heteroses for number of bolls per plant and lint yield were significant at 27, 84% and 37.26%, respectively. No other character had significant heteroses. 2. The GCA estimates for all studied characteristics were higher than the SCA estimates. Varieties with high GCA effects were Suwon 1 for earliness, Paymaster and Arijona for high lint percent, and Arijona for long fiber, etc, 3. SCA estimates for lint yield varied widely in crosses with Mokpo 4, Mokpo 6 and Heujueusseo Trice. Those crosses with the highest SCA effects were combinations with large characteristics differences, Example of these crosses are Mokpo 4 times Acala 1517W, Mokpo 4 times D. P. L. and Heujueusseo Trice aud Paymaster. 4. Early-maturing varieties were completely dominant to late-maturing varieties in some combinations while other crosses gave intermediate phenotypes. These results suggest additive genetic action by multi-genes. Heujueusseo Trice, Mokpo 6, and Suwon 1 showed highest degree of dominance for earliness. 5. There were no significant trends for inheritance of weight of boll and 100 seeds weight. 6. Long staple was partially to completely dominant to short staple. Though there were single gene ratios the rate of dominance decreased in the $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations in the cross between the long staple variety Paymaster and the short staple variety Heujueusseo Trice. Diallel cross $F_1$ hybrids showed complicated allelic gene action for staple length. Various dominance degree were shown by varieties. 7. Number of bolls per plant indicated strong over-dominance and small non-allelic additive gene action. 8. Lint Yield was characterized by over-dominance and by multiple non-allelic-gene action. High-yielding varieties were dominant to low-yielding ones. However, the low-yielding variety Heujueusseo Trice showed over-dominance, indicating different reactions according to the varieties and combinations. 9. Broad sense heritability for days to flowering was 34-39% while narrow sense heritability was 11%. Large variations of individual plants caused by Korean climatic conditions cause this situation. Heritability estimates for weight of boll was 30% for broad sense and 22% for narrow sense. 10. Heritability estimates for staple length and lint percent were very high suggesting strong selection effects. 11. Narrow sense heritability estimates for number of bolls per plant was 30% in the diallel cross $F_1$ hybrids and 36% in the $F_2$ population of the special cross. Broad sense heritability was estimated at 67% suggesting that. 12. Heritability estimates for lint yield was low due to high over-dominance in the diallel cross $F_1$ hybrids. Heritability estimates for yield was low in the $F_1$ hybrids but high in the $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations. 13. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between lint percent and days to flowering and between staple length and days to flowering were high in the $F_1, $ $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations. Late-maturing varieties and individuals had long staple and high lint percent in general. As the correlation between days to flowering and lint yield was extremely low, the two traits were considered independent of each other. Days to flowering and number of bolls per plant were negatively correlated in the $F_3$ population, indicating early-maturing individual plants with many bolls may be readily selected. 14. Phenotypic and genotypic correlations between lint percent and staple length were high in $F_1, $ $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations. Accordingly, long staple varieties were high in lint percent. It was recognized that lint yield and lint percent were positively correlated in the diallel cross $F_1$ hybrids, and lint percent and staple length were positively correlated in the $F_2$ population, indicating that lint percent and staple length affect lint yield. 15. Lint yield was significantly and positively phenotypically correlated with number of bolls per plant in $F_1, $ $F_2$ and $F_3$ populations. A high genotypic correlation was also noted indicating a close genetic relationship. The selection efficiencies for a high-yielding variety can be increased when individual plants with many bolls are selected in later generations. The selection efficiencies for good fiber quality can be enhanced when individuals with long staple and high lint percent are selected in early generations.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.37-60
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• 2001

The record industry, which consists of the cultural industries, has been deeply interrelated with the innovations of the science and the technologies. In Korea, the record industry has been developed dramatically since the late 1980s, and thus it has formed a huge business, and has also brought a lot of accompanying economical effects. The record industry is constituted with four circulation steps such as producing, manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing, which follow the different locational orients, respectively. The purpose oi this study is to investigate the locational characteristics of each step. Because of the shortage of the data, this study based on the direct data from field studies, interviews, and surveys, as well as the existing document data. The results of this research are summarized as following: the record industry shows strong concentrations in Seoul and the surrounding areas. It also shows the spatial linkage with other industries that are necessary for the production, advertisement, and sales of records. The locations of the record producers are affected by the location of broadcasting stations. Therefore, they are concentrate in Kangnam and Yeouido, where many broadcasting stations are located.