• Clean Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 2018

In this study, $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ anode materials for lithium ion battery were synthesized by dry ball-mill method. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) as a carbon source was added to improve electrochemical properties. When the PVC was added after $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ formation, the spinel structure was well synthesized and it was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. When the carbon material was added before the synthesis and the heat treatment was performed, it was confirmed that a material having a different crystal structure was synthesized even when a small amount of carbon material was added. In the case of $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ without the carbon material, the electrical conductivity value was about $10{\mu}S\;m^{-1}$, which was very small and similar to that of the nonconductor. As the carbon was added, the electrical conductivity was greatly improved and increased up to 10,000 times. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis showed that the size of semicircle corresponding to the resistance decreased with the carbon addition. This indicates that the resistance inside the electrode is reduced. According to the Cyclic voltammetry (CV) analysis, the potential difference between the oxidation peak and the reduction peak was reduced with carbon addition. This means that the rate of lithium ion insertion and deinsertion was increased. $Li_4Ti_5O_{12}$ with 9.5 wt% PVC added sample showed the best properties in rate capabilities of $180mA\;h\;g^{-1}$ at 0.2 C-rate, $165mA\;h\;g^{-1}$ at 0.5 C-rate, and $95.8mA\;h\;g^{-1}$ at 5 C-rate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.103-109
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• 1981

In order to determine the dose-response relationship of ethanol on blood pressure and renal function, 2 doses of ethanol were intubated into albino rats. For a direct measurement of arterial blood pressure, a polyethylene catheter(PE 10) was implanted in the abdominal aorta, and the other end of the catheter was pulled out of the back of the neck. The experiment was conducted after the rats recovered from the surgery. After emptying their bladders, the rats were placed in a metabolism cage. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was measured and arterial blood samples were collected through the catheter. Following the collection of the control urine sample, 1 ml of 10 g% (low dose), or 30 g% (high dose) of ethanol/100 g BW was intubated. 1 ml of water/100 g BW was intubated into the control group. MAP and blood samples were taken every hour, and urine samples were collected every 90 min for 3 hours. Blood alcohol concentrations reached a peak at 1 hour (low dose: $105.0{\pm}7.5$, high dose: $214.7{\pm}20.2\;mg%$) and decreased linearly thereafter. Following alcohol ingestion, MAP began to decrease at 15 min and remained at a significantly low level thoughout the 3 hours experimental period(low dose: $112{\pm}2{\rightarrow}102{\pm}4$, high dose: $117{\pm}2{\rightarrow}100{\pm}8\;mmHg$). Urine Flow increased markedly during the first 90 min of ethanol ingestion (low dose: $0.88{\pm}0.20{\rightarrow}1.04{\pm}0.22$, high dose: $0.56{\pm}0.11{\rightarrow}1.35{\pm}0.18\;ml/1.5\;hr$) and decreased during the second 90 min period(low dose: $0.25{\pm}0.06$, high dose: $0.22{\pm}0.06\;ml/1.5\;hr$). Urine flow of the control group decreased gradually during the experiment $(0.88{\pm}0.10{\longrightarrow}0.59{\pm}0.09{\rightarrow}0.45{\pm}0.09\;ml/1.5\;hr)$. These results indicate that the blood-pressure-lowering and diuretic effects of ethanol are dose-related: higher doses of ethanol produce a greater decrease in blood pressure and greater diuresis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.619-625
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• 2001

We determined whether the supplementation of Polygonatum Odoratum (Mill) Druce (POD) extract had a good effect on insulin resistance in peripheral tissues of 90% pancreatectomized (Px) and sham-operated (Sham) male Sprague Dawley rats. Px and Sham rats were divided into two groups; one group daily consumed 0.3 g of POD extracts per 1 ㎏ body weight for two months, and the other group had a placebo. All rats freely consumed a 40% fat diet. At the end of the experiment, a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic (EH) clamp was performed in a fasting, awake, and unstressed state to determine insulin resistance. At EH clamp, body weights were higher in Sham rats than Px rats, and serum glucose levels of baseline were affected by diabetic status and POD administration. Serum insulin concentrations were higher in Sham rats than Px rats, and POD administration decreased them in Sham rats compared to P. Glucose disposal rates in peripheral tissues increased with POD in both Px (n=10) and Sham (n=10) rats. But glycogen deposits in soleus muscle increased with POD administration in Px and Sham rats, and total glycogen synthase activity and fraction velocity were higher in POD groups. Triglyceride contents in quadriceps muscles decreased with POD in Px rats. In conclusions, POD improves insulin resistance by enhancing glucose utilization with increasing glycogen deposit and decreasing triglyceride contents in muscles.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.78-86
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• 2018

Purpose: We aimed to delineate clinical spectrum and short-term effects after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) for 5 mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II). Methods: Five patients were diagnosed with MPS II by clinical findings, enzyme activity, and genetic testing. Idursulfase was administered by intravenous infusion at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg every week. Observational chart analysis of patients, who underwent systematic investigations more than 12 months after initiation of ERT was done retrospectively. Results: Three patients were classified as having the attenuated type, and 2 patients were classified as having the severe type. The median age at the diagnosis was 9.6 years (range 3.4-26 years). Four different mutations in 5 Korean patients (4 families) with MPS II were identified, among which two were novel mutations (1 small insertion mutation: p.Thr409Hisfs*22, and 1 missense mutation: p.Gly134Glu). Two severe type sibling patients with the same mutation had different clinical manifestation. Urinary glycosaminoglycan excretion decreased within the twelve months of ERT (P=0.043). Liver and spleen volumes showed reductions that were maintained in all patients (P=0.043 and P=0.043, respectively). Improvements were also noted in left ventricular mass index (P=0.042), shoulder flexion (P=0.043), shoulder abduction (P=0.039), knee flexion (P=0.043), elbow flexion (P=0.042), and respiratory distress index (P=0.041). Conclusion: This study demonstrates that Korean patients with MPS II are clinically heterogeneous and indicates that idursulfase is relatively effective in several clinical parameters including heart size and respiratory distress index without infusion-related reactions in patients with MPS II.