• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.142-151
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• 1991

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 1991

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.229-245
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• 1991

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 1997.05a
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• pp.3-3
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• 1997

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.687-693
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity, fibrinolytic activity and cytotoxic effect of Korean traditional noble rice wine made using different methods (A-C) and commercial rice wine (D-H) on various tumor cell lines. The antioxidant activity of rice wine was measured by DPPH (2,2-dipicryl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS [2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)] and NO (nitric oxide) radical scavenging assay. In this study, Samhaeju showed the greatest fibrinolytic activity of 13-17U and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Among the different Samhaeju, the sample prepared using method C had the highest antioxidant activity. The cytotoxic effect of rice wine were also examined against the human cancer cell line (A549 cells and HeLa cells) based on the results of a WST-1 assay and morphological changes. Rice wine induced the inhibition of cell proliferation and morphological changes in tumor cell lines in a concentration-dependent manner, with Samhaeju diluted 10 fold having the strongest effect on these factors. These findings suggest that Korean rice wine has antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effect, and that these factors are influenced by the method of preparation.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.157-162
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• 1987

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of light intensity, temperature and seasonal trends on the photosynthesis as well as the physiological characteristics of Panax species and cultivars. Four-year-old plant of Violet-stem variant, Yellow-berry variant, Mimaki and Russian ginseng of Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer and American ginseng of Panax quiquefolium L. were used for study. These Panax species and cultivars were cultivated under the straw shading. The light saturation point of leaves in Violet-stem variant, Yellow-berry variant, Mimaki and American ginseng were 15,000 lux, but that of Russian ginseng was 10,000 lux. The optimum air temperature on the phtosynthesis of Violet-stem variant, Yellow-berry variant, Mimaki and American ginseng were 20$^{\circ}C$ but that of Russian ginseng was 15$^{\circ}C$ under 15,000 lux. The photosynthetic rates were increased in order of Russian ginseng, Mimaki, Yellow-berry variant, Violet-stem variant and American ginseng. The respiration rates of ginseng leaves were increased according to the increasing of temperature, but it was not different among Panax species and cultivars. Stomata frequency of American ginseng was highest, that of Russian ginseng lowest, while the length of stomata was reverse. The total chlorophyll content of American ginseng and specific leaf weight of Mimaki were higher than other ginseng cultivars. The root weight of American ginseng was heavier than others, but that of Russian ginseng was lighter. The num ber of leaflets per plant of 2-year-old plant and the root weight of 6-year-old plant were increased in order of Russian ginseng, American ginseng, Mimaki, Yellow-berry variant and Violet-stem variant.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.183-187
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• 2003

This study was carried out to ascertain the basic information on characteristics of Korean Ginseng(Panax ginseng) and American ginseng(Panax quinquefolius), F$_1$ hybrids. Interspecies hybrids between Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius were examined morphological characteristics, rusty root incidence, and contents of effective ingredients such as ginsenosides. The summarized results are as follows. In Panax ginseng, rusty root incidence tended to increase with age of ginseng, but there was no difference in the incidence among ginseng ages and cultivation years in Panax quinquefolius and F$_1$ hybrid. The interspecies hybrid of panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolius flowered later than the Panax ginseng, but earlier than the Panax quinquefolius. As for the characteristics of ginseng root, Panax quinquefolius seedling was better than cv. Panax ginseng, as the former had longer and heavier seedling root than the latter. Ginsenosides of the hybrid F$_1$ showed intermediate value in amounts of Rb$_1$, Rb$_2$, Rc and Rd which were detected as in Panax gineng and Panax quinquefolius. The amount of Re of the hybrid was higher, but that of Rg$_1$ and Rg$_2$ in main and branch roots was lower compared with its parents. Rf was 0.14% and 0.20% in main and branch roots of Panax ginseng, respectively; however, no Rf was detected in Panax quinquefolius and in the hybrid F$_1$. This suggests there may be remarkable difference in Rf content among the ginseng species.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.135-142
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• 2009

Phylogeny of the family Ophioglossaceae and a phylogenetic position of Mankyua were estimated through analyses of chloroplast rbcL gene sequences and spore morphology. Sequence analysis of the rbcL gene clearly indicated that there are two major lineages in the family Ophioglossaceae: Botrychioid lineage and Ophioglossoid lineage. The Botrichioid lineage is composed of three distinct clades: Botrychium, Helminthostachys and Mankyua, where Helminthostachys and Mankyua were placed as sister groups to the Botrychium. Within the genus Botrychium, subgenera Septridium and Botrychium were monophyletic, while taxa of subgen. Botrypus branched as sister of the two, successively, thus making a non-monophyletic group. Ophioglossum formed the Ophioglossoied lineage, where the subgen. Ophioglossum is monophyletic, while subgen. Cheiroglossa and Ophoderma formed a sister relationship with subgen. Ophioglossum. In terms of external morphology and spores, Mankyua is most similar to Helminthostachys, however, patristic distance in the cladogram and trophophore characteristics of the two genera are distinct. Therefore, Mankyua is a well defined genus within the family in terms of morphology as well as molecular phylogeny which places it in basal position of the Botrychioid lineage on the gene tree.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.223-232
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to apply patient-engaged bedside handoffs in comprehensive care units, and to evaluate the effects of bedsides to nurses and patients. Methods: This study employed a cluster randomized cross-over design.Electrical Medical Record (EMR)-based handoffs and patient-engaged bedside handoffs were alternatively applied to 104 patients, who were assigned to a total of 30 clusters (nursing handoff teams) in 4 comprehensive care units at the S medical center in Seoul, and the patients evaluated each type of handoffs. A total of 139 nurses were also participated in the same units and evaluated each type of handoffs. Data were analyzed using t-test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, ANOVA, and Kruskal-Walls test. Results: The patient's satisfaction of the patient-engaged bedside handoffs was higher than that of the EMR-based handoffs (Z=-5.16, p<.001). On the other hand, the nurse's satisfaction of the patient-engaged bedside handoffs was significantly lower than that of the EMR-based handoffs (t=13.21, p<.001). There were no differences in length of the reporting time between two types of handoffs (t=-0.48, p=.634). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction with the patient-engaged bedside handoffs was higher than that of EMR-based handoffs, and nurses' satisfaction with the patient-engaged bedside handoffs was significantly lower than that of EMR-based handoffs. Future studies are needed regarding the impacts of patient-engaged bedside handoffs on the quality of healthcare by identifying the benefits of the handoffs.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2022

A dermatophyte is a zoonotic infection that causes infection on the skin, hair, and nails and is transmitted through contact. The species of Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton are the major dermatophytes that infect humans. Tinea capitis is a dermatophyte infection in the scalp, and it may progress to kerion celsi, including severe redness, swelling, and pus formation. Kerion celsi is sometimes misdiagnosed as a bacterial infection or a tumor. Trichophyton verrucosum is a zoophilic dermatophyte that mainly causes infection in cattle. It can be spread to dairy farmers or ranchers who have frequent contact with infected cattle. We report a pediatric case who received scalp tumor excision and a split-thickness skin graft for extensive and severe inflammatory scalp tumors that occurred after contact with cattle with ringworm. Finally, the patient was diagnosed with kerion celsi caused by T. verrucosum infection. This was based on the patient's medical history, clinical manifestations, and histopathologic findings.