• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1993

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of various calcium salts on the accumulation of calcium in apple fruits when sprayed on whole tree. Differences in the total calcium contents of fruits were found between calcium sources and cultivars. In 'Tsugaru' , calcium nitrate, calcium chloride, and calcium carbonate were all effective but only calcium chloride and calcium carbonate appeared to be effective in 'Fuji' . Major parts of the applied calcium were accumulated in the feel and outer flesh. Ethylene evolution of fruit was retarded during storage with the increase of total calcium content in 'Fuji' fruit treated calcium acetate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.86-91
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• 2002

이상의 연구를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 시비량의 계산식에 의해 계산된 실제 비료의 투입예정량은 균일시비구획은 86.74kg, 변량 시비구획은 80.84kg이였고, 실제 변량시비구획에 살포된 비료의 양은 68.76kg로서 투입 예상량의 -14.94%로 나타났다. 2. 실제 투입된 비료의 양이 적은 것은 74번에서 78번사이의 구획에서 호퍼의 출구에 덩어리진 비료에 의해 막혀 비료가 살포되지 않았던 것과 28번 구획에서 호퍼안의 비료가 바닥나서 비료가 살포되지 않았던 것이 주된 원인으로 확인되었다. 3. 벼의 질소보유량으로 계산된 예상 시비량과 실제 모터의 회전수에 의해 계산된 실제 시비량과의 관계는 Y=-0.063+0.912X라는 회기직선으로 나타났고, r값은 0.965로서 변량살포 작업은 74번∼78번, 28번 구획을 제외하고는 잘 된 것으로 평가되었다. 4. 수확량과 CV값은 전 구획에서 7.04t/ha, 7.71%로서 균일시비구획에서는 7.13t/ha, 4.84%, 변량시비구획에서는 6.96t/ha, 9.77%로 나타났다. 변량시비구획에서 수확량이 적고 CV값이 크게 나타난 이유는 x9구획의 생육상태가 좋지 않았기 때문이며 변량시비구획에서 x9구획의 데이터를 제외한 결과는 수확량이 7.16t/ha, CV값은 7.91%로 나타났다. 5. 변량시비를 적용하여 시비량을 15% 줄이더라도 수확량에는 커다란 변동이 없다는 것을 확인할 수 있었고 좀더 정확한 생육진단과 관리가 이루어진다면 각 구획에서 수확량의 변동을 줄이는 것이 가능하리라 생각한다.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2017

A survey was conducted to research on planting system and pesticide spray methods including spray volume, sprayer types, and spray nozzles used in apple orchards. The survey was deployed to 395 farmers in 17 cities and towns including 7 regions which are major producers of apple via interview. Major apple varieties were Fuji (79.2%) and Hongro (50.9%) and high density planting system was mainly used in apple orchards (distance between rows: 4.0-4.5 m (73.1%); planting distance: 1.5-3.5 m (88.6%); canopy height: 3.0-4.5 m (88.2%)). The percentages of sprayer types were 77.6% and 22.1% for speed sprayer (airblast sprayer) and power sprayer, respectively. Spray volumes per 10a were 250-300 L in April, the month of spraying the lowest volume, and 300-400 L in June-August, the months of spraying the highest volume. Significant difference in spray volumes were not observed between conventional planting and high density planting, but regional spray volume showed significant difference. The main nozzles used by apple farmers using power sprayers were super jet nozzle (45%), super wide nozzle (26%), and 2-3 vertical head nozzle (25%). The results will helpful to establish practical agrochemicals management policy including suggestion of pesticide spray volume and evaluation of pesticide residue data and efficacy data.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2002

A computer simulation was carried out to investigate the optimum capacity of liquid manure tank spreader which is used as a tractor attachment. Soil physical properties, such as soil moisture content, bulk density, soil hardness and soil types were measured in the 10 major rice production area for computer simulation. Mathematical model which include soil physical properties and vehicle factor was used for computer simulation. Most of the soil type of the investigated area was sandy clay loam. Soil moisture content ranged between 30 and 40% mostly. Soil bulk density was in the range of 1,500 to 1,700 kg/$m^3$. Soil hardness ranged between 1 to 18 $cm^2$. Soil hardness incorporate the effects of many soil physical properties such as soil moisture content, soil type and soil bulk density, and so the range of soil hardness is greater than any other physical properties. The capacity of liquid manure tank spreader was above 3,000 kg$_{f}$ for the most of the investigated areas, and mostly in the range of 4,000 to 6,000 $kg_f$ depending upon the slip. But for the soft soil area such as Andong and Asan, the tractor itself has mobility problem and shows no pulling force for some places. For this area, the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader ranged between 1,000 and 2,000 $kg_f$ mostly, so the capacity of liquid manure tank spreader should be designed as a small capacity trailer compared to the other area.mpared to the other area.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.315-321
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• 2012

Fate of acetamiprid and imidacloprid aerially sprayed to control pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) were studied in a forest of Haman area. Acetamiprid 20% SL or imidacloprid 20% DC were diluted 100 times and applied two times as rate of 50 L/ha using an aircraft of Bell 206 L helicopter. Average acetamiprid deposits on forest floor ranged from 2 to 4% of standard aerial application rate. Following to the second application, acetamiprid deposits in the pine needle ranged 1.8~8.5 mg/kg and then gradually decreased to 1.2~2.1 mg/kg after 48 days. Deposits on the plant washed off by rainfall and reached to soil surface was ca. 17% of the application rate. All of acetamiprid on the ground resided in the forest floor covering the soil surface, where acetamiprid residues were decreased to a quarter at 48 days after the second application, but they were not detected in soil beneath it. And the only low level of acetamiprid residues, 0.0003 mg/L, was detected in the reservoir nearby the experimental forest on the day of aerial application. The acetamiprid detection was presumably due to spray drift. And average imidacloprid deposits on forest floor ranged from 1 to 3% of standard aerial application rate. Following to the second application, imidacloprid deposits in the pine needle analysed very low concentration of 0.1 mg/kg, but the amount of imidacloprid in wash-off in standard and two-fold treatment were ca. 8% and 4% of the application rate, respectively. Most of imidacloprid on the ground also resided in the forest floor, where imidacloprid residues were decreased to a twentieth at 111 days after the second application, and they were detected below 0.5% of the application rate in sol beneath it. And the low level of imidacloprid, 0.0003~0.0017 mg/L, were detected in the streams in the experimental forest. It was not to the level of contamination concerns.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.2 no.8
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• pp.87-92
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• 1981

농약을 보다 안전하게 사용하여 농약으로 인한 부작용을 미연에 막는일은 앞으로 농약사용에 있어 중요한 일이며 사용과정에서 잔류량이 허용치를 넘지 않도록 지키는 것 또한 중요하다. 농약의 잔류량은 농약의 종류와 제제형태, 사용시기, 살포농도, 살포회수, 종류와 품종, 재배방법 또는 살포한 후 수확이나 식용할때까지의 기간등에 따라 달라지며 사용방법등에 따라 크게 좌우된다. 농약의 약효를 의심하기전에, 농약을 범인시하여 불신하기전에 이 기준을 제대로 지켜 합리적으로 사용하는 지혜가 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.264-270
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• 2003

우리나라의 방제작업은 주로 소형 동력분무기를 이용한 것으로서 총포형 노즐을 사용한다. 그러나 이 방법은 농약의 살포량 조절이 어렵고 불균일한 살포로 방제효과가 높지 못하여 개선이 요구된다. 또한 필요량보다 많이 뿌려 흘러내릴 정도로 살포하므로 환경에 악영향을 미칠 가능성이 높고, 농산물 안정성에도 불신을 초래하고 있다. 붐방제기는 이런 요구에 부응하는 대체 방제기계이지만, 우리나라에서는 수도작용을 중심으로 보급되었다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2003.02a
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• pp.83-89
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• 2003

붐방제기는 분무관에 일정한 간격으로 노즐이 설치되어 있으며 목표물 바로 위에서 농약을 직접 살포할 수 있다. 따라서 비산의 위험성이 적고 작업폭이 넓기 때문에 포장능률도 높은 장점이 있다. 또한 방제작업에 영향을 미치는 방제속도, 살포폭, 노즐 배출량, 노즐 압력 등을 최적으로 유지할 수 있는 자동제어 시스템을 채택할 수 있어 최적량의 농약을 균일하고 유효하게 살포할 수 있다. (중략)

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.2 no.7
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• pp.94-95
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• 1981

국내 농약의 소비는 최근들어 해마다 증가양상을 보여 농업에서 농약의 일반화는 농약의 중독 및 식품의 오염, 자연생태의 파괴등 자연환경에 미치는 영향에 관해 많은 우려의 대상이 되어가고 있다. 그동안 농약사용에서 야기되는 각종 사고를 방지하기 위하여 행정$cdot$지도계통에서 많은 노력을 해왔으나 아직까지 농약을 소홀히 다루는 경향이 많아 농촌진흥청 시험결과를 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.143-144
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• 2000

자연황토를 해수와 혼합 분쇄, 적조발생 해역에 정확히 살포하여 보다 경제적으로 황토를 살포하는 황토살포기 및 황토가 pH값의 변화에 따라 활성도가 달라지는 연구결과에 착안하여 해수를 전기분해하여 생성되는 전해수(산성수 및 알칼리수)에 황토를 혼합하여 황토를 활성화시켜 적조구제효율을 높이는 방법에 대하여 연구를 실시, 보다 효율적이며 친환경적인 적조구제 기술을 개발하였다. (중략)