• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.32 no.5 s.367
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• pp.94-99
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• 2000

• Monthly Korean Chicken
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.84-87
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• 2010

• The Korea Swine Journal
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• v.26 no.11 s.303
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• pp.186-189
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• 2004

• 사료
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• s.56
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• pp.71-75
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• 2012

${\blacksquare}$ 살모넬라는 사람에서 전세계적으로 식품기원 질병의 주 원인으로 현저한 이환율, 치사율 및 경제적 손실의 원인이다. 모든 나라에서 계란과 가금육은 사람의 식품 기원 살모넬라 증의 주 공급원이다. ${\blacksquare}$ 가금 집단의 살모넬라 오염은 가금 육과 계란에 살모넬라가 출현하는 위험 인자 중의 하나로 본다. 동물들은 오염된 사료, 음수 및 환경으로부터 전염될 수 있다. 어린 동물과 소화 스트레스, 생산스트레스 또는 질병에 걸린 동물에서는 살모넬라 감염 감수성이 높다. 동물들은 다른 살모넬라-감염 동물들로부터 한편 직접 오염된다. ${\blacksquare}$ 살모넬라는 사료로 부터 사료를 섭취하는 동물로, 그리고 그 사료를 섭취한 동물에서 유래한 식품으로 전파한다는 증명이 있다. 유박과 어분 유래 단백질들은 EU 사료공장들과 배합사료 산업에 살모넬라 오염을 도입하는 주 위험 사료 원료들이다. 살모넬라 통제 프로그램은 가능한 추출 및 정제 공장들에서 초기 단계 부터 시작하는 것이 중요하다. ${\blacksquare}$ 살모넬라의 미 오염 보증을 위하여 가금사료 사슬의 여러 결정적 단계에서 실시하는 미생물학적 확인 방법의 확립이 매우 중요하다. ${\blacksquare}$ 전반적 가금사료 사슬에서 살모넬라의 효과적 통제를 위하여, 케민 농업식품은 모든 필요한 지원을 포함한 소비자를 생각하여 고안된 완전한 식품 안전성 문제해결 신계획 (FS$i$) 프로그램을 제공한다. 케민의 식품 안전성 문제해결 계획 (FS$i$) 프로그램은 추출과 정제를 포함한 사료 원재료 생산, 사료 공장, 완성된 사료, 음수, 동물 집단, 저장 시설들, 농장들, 수송 방법 빛 환경에서의 살모넬라 통제 방법을 포함한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical manifestations and antibiotic resistance of salmonellosis in children. Methods : We reviewed medical records and investigated the clinical characteristics of culture-proven childhood salmonellosis from January 2000 through December 2011 at the CHA Bundang Medical center. Results : We assessed 53 patients. The median age was 3-years-old (minimum 12 days, maximum 18-years-old) and the number of male patients was 33 (62.3%). It occurred most frequently in the summer (39%) and in 2001 (11 cases) however there was no case in 2009 and 2010. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 3 cases with septicemia. Antibiotic resistance to ampicillin was most frequently presented (30.2%) and 63.6% in serogroup B. No antibiotics resistance strains were cultured in patients with positive Salmonella typhi. Admitted patients from 2000 to 2011 were divided into 2 groups; group 1 from 2000 to 2005 and group 2 from 2006 to 2011. 40 cases belonged to group 1 and 13 cases were in the group 2. Group 2 showed more resistance to ampicillin than group 1 but without any statistical significance(25% vs. 38.5%, P=0.349). In group 1, the most common serotype was group D and in group 2, the most common serotype were group C and D. Conclusion : Salmonellosis in children was frequently occurred from 2000 to 2003 but decreased after 2004. There was no difference in clinical manifestations, serotypes and antibiotic resistances between the years.

• KOREAN POULTRY JOURNAL
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• v.37 no.4 s.426
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• pp.72-75
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• 2005

1994년에 제정된 종계장위생관리요령과 1999년에 고시되었던 추백리 방역실시요령이 폐지되고 종계장$\cdot$부화장방역관리요령이 새롭게 만들어져 2004년 12월에 고시되었으며, 이중 검사시기, 검사방법 및 판정기준 등이 올 5월 1일부터 전면 시행될 예정이다. 이번에 제정 고시된 방역관리요령은 종계장$\cdot$부화장의 효율적인 방역관리와 추백리$\cdot$가금티푸스의 사전예방을 통해 양계농가에 건강한 병아리를 공급하기 위함이며, 이 고시에 수록된 주요 내용을 보면 추백리 및 가금티푸스에 감염된 종계군의 종계사용금지, 채혈시기 및 횟수, 종계혈청검사방법(급속전혈평판응집반응법, 효소면역법), 양성계군의 판단기준, 부화장에서 백세미용 알 및 병아리의 거래기록 작성 등이 새롭게 제시된 점이다. 종계장 및 부화장방역관리요령의 시행에 앞서 종계장 및 부화장에서의 살모넬라 감염증에 대한 피해를 최소화할 수 있는 방역관리에 대하여 알아보고자 한다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.52 no.7
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• pp.791-797
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• 2009

Purpose : We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of and antibiotic resistance in culture-proven childhood salmonellosis. Methods : Clinical manifestations and laboratory data of and antibiotic use in subjects with culture-proven childhood salmonellosis, who were treated at the Chonbuk National University Hospital between September 1998 and August 2008, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with underlying diseases or concomitant illnesses were excluded. Results : We assessed a total of 72 patients. There were 68 stool culture-positive cases, 7 blood culture-positive cases, and 3 both stool culture- and blood culture-positive cases. Salmonella group D was the most frequent pathogen in stool (63.9%) and blood (71.4%) cultures. Salmonella typhi was isolated in 1 case. Of the 72 patients, 45 (62.5%) were male children, of which 29 (40.3%) were aged <3 years. The patients most commonly presented with diarrhea (90.2%) and fever (83.3%). Leukocytosis (leukocyte count, >$15,000/{\mu}L$) and leukopenia (leukocyte count, <$4,000/{\mu}L$) were detected in 8.3% and 5.6% of the patients, respectively. Elevated serum C-reactive protein concentration (>5 mg/dL) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (>20 mm/h) were observed in 88.9% and 58.3% of the patients, respectively. Fifty-two (85.2%) of 61 patients who had undergone antibiotic treatment received a third-generation cephalosporin as definitive antibiotic therapy. Multidrug resistance rate was 40.0 % in the first 5 years of the study and 71.4% in the last 5 years. No fatalities occurred in this series. Conclusion : Children with culture-proven salmonellosis showed relatively benign clinical outcomes. Appropriate antibiotic treatment of <2 weeks is probably adequate for those without a suppurative focus of infection. The incidence of antibiotic resistant isolates was recently seen to increase.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.160-167
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• 2021

Pyogenic spondylitis, an extremely rare complication of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in immunocompetent children, occurs more commonly in patients with hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease or in immunocompromised patients. In this study, we report a case of pyogenic spondylitis in a previously healthy 13-year-old immunocompetent adolescent, who presented with prolonged fever and right upper quadrant pain. Stool culture results comfirmed nontyphoidal Salmonella infection, and the patient was diagnosed with pyogenic spondylitis caused by nontyphoidal Salmonella based on additional imaging studies performed for evaluation of the patient's prolonged fever. This case highlights the importance of culture studies for evaluation of patients with fever of unknown origin and also the importance of detailed investigations for early detection of complications of extra-intestinal infections in patients with an unusual clinical course of salmonellosis.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2010

Salmonella is an important food-and water-borne pathogen associated with acute gastrointestinal illnesses around the world. The most common serotypes isolated from humans are Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) and S. Enteritidis. Traditional detection methods for Salmonella are based on cultures using selective media and characterization of suspicious colonies by biochemical and serological tests. These methods are generally time-consuming and not so highly sensitive. Recently, the Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification and real-time PCR has been used as a highly sensitive, specific, and rapid test for the presence of pathogenic bacteria. In this study, a LAMP and real-time PCR was used to detect S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. We selected target genes, which were the in invA and a randomly cloned sequence specific for the genus Salmonella. With LAMP and real-time PCR, random sequence was detected from Salmonella spp, invA were detected from all strain of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. This assay indicate that the specificity, sensitivity and rapid of the LAMP and real-time PCR make them potentially valuable tools for detection of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.222-229
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• 2014

Objectives: Pig farmers are known as the high risk group for the zoonoses, but the study for pig farmers to zoonoses has been rare in Korea. So we surveyed the awareness on zoonoses among pig farmers to suggest directions for education. Methods: We visited four regional spots (Gyeongsangnam-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Jeollanam-do, and Chungcheongnam-do) where the self education programs of Korea pork producers were convened. We conducted a questionnaire survey of the general, work-related characteristics and the awareness on zoonoses among 278 pig farmers. Results: The awareness rate of zoonoses itself, brucellosis, tuberculosis and salmonellosis were 52.9%, 85.6%, 87.8%, 89.6%, respectively. The awareness rate of the content related to zoonoses, "Human can be infected by the disease of pig", was 46.9%. Awareness rate of zoonoses tended to increase as the school career, and awareness rate of salmonellosis tended to increase as working duration of pig raising. Conclusions: The pig is the principal reservoir of zoonoses. Therefore, effective working guidelines to prevent zoonoses for pig farmers must be developed and an educational program on zoonoses is needed for pig farmers. Furthermore, publicity activities about the prevention of zoonoses are needed for high-risk groups.