• Nuclear industry
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• v.8 no.12 s.70
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• pp.26-29
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• 1988

TMI발전소 사고이후 원자력산업계에서는 인적요인(Fuman Factor)의 중요성에 대한 인식이 가장 중요한 요소로 대두되었다. 그후에도 다른 여러 산업분야에서 많은 사고나 재해가 발생되었으며, 이러한 재해나 사고로 말미암아 휴먼팩터의 중요성에 더 많은 관심이 집중되었다.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.73-76
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• 2017

일본의 원전사업자들은 시뮬레이터를 기반으로 한 사고 대응 훈련 프로그램에 더욱 집중하고 있다. 이런 현상에 후쿠시마 원전 사고의 경험이 어떤 영향을 미쳤는지, 그리고 그런 훈련 프로그램이 과연 비상 상황에 대응할 준비 상태를 갖추는 데 충분한 대책이 되는 것인지 알아본다.

• Information and Communications Magazine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.81-95
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• 2004

기간 망을 위한 훌륭한 네트워크 인프라로부터 가입자 망, 홈 네트워크에 이르기까지 초고속 인터넷 서비스 환경을 위한 요구가 변하고 있다. 이에 따라 정보통신부에서는 홈 네트워크 산업을 신성장 동력 산업 중의 하나로 선정하였으며, 관련 산업의 집중 육성에 대한 기대가 커지고 있다.(중략)

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-69
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• 2020

Now, it is a stylized fact that a small number of technology firms such as Apple, Alphabet, Microsoft, Amazon, Facebook and a few others have become larger and dominant players in an industry. Coupled with the rise of these leading firms, we have also observed that a large number of young firms have become an acquisition target in their early IPO stages. This indeed results in a sharp decline in the number of new entries in public exchanges although a series of policy reforms have been promulgated to foster competition through an increase in new entries. Given the observed industry trend in recent decades, a number of studies have reported increased concentration in most developed countries. However, it is less understood as to what caused an increase in industry concentration. In this paper, we uncover the mechanisms by which industries have become concentrated over the last decades by tracing the changes in industry concentration associated with a firm's status change in its early IPO stages. To this end, we put emphasis on the case in which firms are acquired shortly after they went public. Especially, with the transition to digital-based economies, it is imperative for incumbent firms to adapt and keep pace with new ICT and related intelligent systems. For instance, after the acquisition of a young firm equipped with AI-based solutions, an incumbent firm may better respond to a change in customer taste and preference by integrating acquired AI solutions and analytics skills into multiple business processes. Accordingly, it is not unusual for young ICT firms become an attractive acquisition target. To examine the role of M&As involved with young firms in reshaping the level of industry concentration, we identify a firm's status in early post-IPO stages over the sample periods spanning from 1990 to 2016 as follows: i) being delisted, ii) being standalone firms and iii) being acquired. According to our analysis, firms that have conducted IPO since 2000s have been acquired by incumbent firms at a relatively quicker time than those that did IPO in previous generations. We also show a greater acquisition rate for IPO firms in the ICT sector compared with their counterparts in other sectors. Our results based on multinomial logit models suggest that a large number of IPO firms have been acquired in their early post-IPO lives despite their financial soundness. Specifically, we show that IPO firms are likely to be acquired rather than be delisted due to financial distress in early IPO stages when they are more profitable, more mature or less leveraged. For those IPO firms with venture capital backup have also become an acquisition target more frequently. As a larger number of firms are acquired shortly after their IPO, our results show increased concentration. While providing limited evidence on the impact of large incumbent firms in explaining the change in industry concentration, our results show that the large firms' effect on industry concentration are pronounced in the ICT sector. This result possibly captures the current trend that a few tech giants such as Alphabet, Apple and Facebook continue to increase their market share. In addition, compared with the acquisitions of non-ICT firms, the concentration impact of IPO firms in early stages becomes larger when ICT firms are acquired as a target. Our study makes new contributions. To our best knowledge, this is one of a few studies that link a firm's post-IPO status to associated changes in industry concentration. Although some studies have addressed concentration issues, their primary focus was on market power or proprietary software. Contrast to earlier studies, we are able to uncover the mechanism by which industries have become concentrated by placing emphasis on M&As involving young IPO firms. Interestingly, the concentration impact of IPO firm acquisitions are magnified when a large incumbent firms are involved as an acquirer. This leads us to infer the underlying reasons as to why industries have become more concentrated with a favor of large firms in recent decades. Overall, our study sheds new light on the literature by providing a plausible explanation as to why industries have become concentrated.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.18 no.3_4
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• pp.183-238
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 우리나라 기업집단이 갖는 현황과 특징을 여러 각도에서 살펴보았으며, 기업집단을 둘러싼 논쟁 중 중요한 쟁점인 기업집단의 생산구조 및 다변화가 기업집단의 성과에 미치는 영향에 대해 실증적인 분석을 시도하였다. 30대기업집단이 광공업부문에서 차지하는 비중은 그동안 변화가 있었지만 최근 들어 조금 높아지고 있으며, 상위기업집단과 하위기업집단간의 격차도 확대되고 있어 경제력집중 문제가 소수의 상위기업집단의 문제로 압축되는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 30대기업집단 가운데서도 상위집단은 산업규모가 크고 성장속도가 빠른 산업에 중점적으로 진출해 있는 반면, 중 하위집단은 산업규모는 크지만, 성장이 상대적으로 정체되어 있는 부문에서 높은 비중을 차지하고 있다. 30대기업집단은 다양한 산업 시장에 진출해 있어 다변화가 크게 진전되어 있으며, 개별 상품시장에서도 높은 시장지위를 차지하고 있다. 규모가 큰 시장일수록 기업집단의 참여가 많으며, 규모가 작은 시장에서는 참여 기업집단이 독점적 위치를, 규모가 큰 시장에서는 시장을 분점하고 있는 경향이 있다. 실증분석에 의하면 기업 및 기업집단의 성과에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것은 노동장비율, 노동의 질 등 생산측면의 요인이며, 시장력 및 시장구조, 다변화 등이 기업집단의 성과에 어떤 영향을 미치는지는 판단하기 어렵다. 기업집단의 규모와 기업집단의 성과간에는 특별한 관계가 성립하고 있지 않지만, 개별기업 수준에서는 기업규모가 클수록 성과가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기업의 대형화는 촉진시키되 기업집단 계열기업간의 연결관계를 단절하고자 하는 현재의 경제력집중 대책방향이 적절하다는 점을 시사한다. 기업공개는 기업집단의 소유분산에 기여하는 동시에, 기업의 규모확대를 촉진하는 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이로부터 기업공개의 촉진이 경제력집중 대책의 유용한 수단일 수 있다는 결론을 도출할 수 있다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Industrial Safety Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.286-292
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• 2003

철도는 1960년대 산업화 이후 급속한 도시화 과정에서 인구의 집중, 도시의 비대화로 인해 늘어나는 교통의 수요와 대량운송 및 정시운행이라는 장점으로 국가산업의 발전과 국민편익에 편리함을 제공하는 등의 지대한 공헌을 하였다. 그럼에도 불구하고, 이러한 발전과 편리함 속에 소음과 진동의 환경공해를 유발하여 철도 주변에 위치하고 있는 거주시설 및 상업시설 등의 거주민들이 생활을 영위함에 있어 불쾌감, 수면방해, 집중력 감소, 시설물의 피해 등의 영향을 주고 있다.(중략)

• Vending industry
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• v.3 no.2 s.10
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• pp.46-56
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• 2004

원두커피시장의 시장 특수는 가능한가. 올 한해 자판기 산업계 최대 화두인 원두커피자판기 시장 성공여부에 대한 산업계의 관심이 집중되고 있다. 기존 로케이션 한계에 시름하는 인스턴트 커피자판기의 대안 모델로서, 또 새로운 시장 개척의 시원한 돌파구를 제시할 뉴 트랜드 상품으로서의 기대를 한몸에 받고 있다. 지난해부터 보급되기 시작한 원두커피의 자판기 시장은 일부 대형 로케이션을 위주로 본격적인 시장 가능성을 타진하고 있는 중이다. 필드에서의 소비자 반응과 운영현황은 원두커피자판기의 시장 활성화시기를 가늠해 볼 수 있는 바로미터이다. 금번 기획특집에서는 원두커피 자판기 필드 로케이션의 약동의 현장을 취재했다. 삼성광주전자 원두커피자판기를 운영하는 휘닉스벤딩서비스, 캐리어 LG 원두커피자판기를 운영하는 벤딩뱅크의 필드 로케이션 탐방을 중심으로 원두커피 자판기 시장 가능성을 집중 진단했다.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.521-535
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• 2008

This paper aims to explore the spatial distribution and locational characteristics of the shipbuilding industry in the south-east region of Korea. The geography of the Korea's shipbuilding industry illustrates an absolute spatial concentration into the south-east region, including Gyeongnam, Busan and Ulsan. In view of the type of agglomeration, it is argued that the south-east region's shipbuilding industry has been evolved as an Advanced Hub & Spoke cluster, which is characterized by interconnected relationships between a couple of gigantic customer firms and the majority of small and medium-sized supplier firms. A survey on the locational factors of the firms presents that traditional locational factors, such as physical infrastructure, land, labour and industrial linkages, are more important than new economic geographical locational factors, such as knowledge, learning, innovation and networks. According to firm's evaluation of the Gyeongnam region's locational environments for the shipbuilding industry is, however, rather different to the result of firm's location decision factors. The shipbuilding firms in Gyeongnam see that the Gyeongnam region retains regional advantages in terms of agglomeration economies, geographical proximity to customers, the infrastructure of transportation and communication and the quality of life. On the contrary, firms recognize that the Gyeongnam region suffers from the lack of R&D and production workforce and a weak basis of industry-university -government networks.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.225-233
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• 2019

The study was to find out the effects of computer game and stretching on muscle tone and concentration. The subjects were 30 adults, who were divided into 15 stretching group and 15 control group after applying computer game for 120 minutes. The subjects measured muscle tone and concentration before experiment, the same measurements were made before and after applying the stretching. The muscle tone was respectively measured after 60 minutes and 120 minutes of computer game. The results showed that muscle tone increased significantly after 60 minutes and 120 minutes of computer game, and significantly decreased in the stretching intervention group. Concentration increased significantly after computer game, but there was no significant difference after application of stretching. In this study, computer game increased muscle tone and concentration, and stretching decreased increased muscle tone. Therefore, proper stretching after computer games will reduce musculoskeletal diseases caused by increased muscle tone, and development of appropriate game contents will be an effective tool for concentration training.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.505-514
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the difference of the visual perception and attention of the people with intellectual disability from the application of the assessment applying an electronic media and traditional paper material. The study subjects were 12 people with intellectual disability, To assess the visual perception, the motor free visual perception test-3 was used and the trail making test was used to assess the visual attention. After the assessment of the visual perception and attention applying the traditional paper material, the assessment applying the electronic media. The results of the visual perception and attention showed the difference of the visual perception and attention, and the scores of the visual perception and attention applying the assessment of the electronic media showed the more higher than the assessment of the traditional paper material. The electronic media could be worked as a factor to increase the visual perception and attention of the people with intellectual disability. Thus, the difference should be considered to apply the electronic media for them.