• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.55-68
• /
• 2007

We carried out a validation study on AURIC FUV/EUV dayglow calculation with $OII\;834{\AA},\;OI\;989{\AA},\;OI\;1027{\AA},\;NII\;1085{\AA},\;NI\;1134{\AA},\;NI\;1200{\AA},\;OI\;1304{\AA},\;OI\;1356{\AA}$ dayglows observed by STP78-1 satellite. Comparison between calculated and observed values indicates that they are in agreement within about 20% for dayglows of $OII\;834{\AA},\;OI\;1027{\AA},\;NI\;1200{\AA},\;OI\;1304{\AA}$. However, the calculated intensities of $OI\;989{\AA},\;NII\;1085{\AA},\;NI\;1134{\AA}$ are only 42, 74 and 45% of the observed values, respectively, showing serious differences from the observation. It was surmised that the differences in $OI\;989{\AA}\;and\;NI\;1134{\AA}$ are due to incomplete calculation of radiative transfer and uncertain photochemical processes in AURIC model, respectively. The difference in $NII\;1085{\AA}$ is conjectured to be due to variation of the input solar EUV flux rather than due to AURIC model itself. For up-looking dayglows from the satellite, the calculated values from AURIC are all less than those of STP78-1, which may imply that AURIC model does not include dayglow contribution from regions below the satellite altitude when it computes dayglows in up-looking direction. The differences are particularly serious for $OI\;989{\AA},\;NI\;1134{\AA},\;NI\;1200{\AA}$ dayglows. The calculated latitudinal variation of $OII\;834{\AA}$ dayglow is also significantly different from the observed one, especially at mid-latitude regions. This may be due to inability of MSISE-90 (in input of AURIC) to simulate oxygen atom densities at mid-latitudes during auroral storms at those days of STP78-1 observations. Our findings of the validation study should be resolved when AURIC model is revised in future.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.305-312
• /
• 2007

It is crucial to develop a miniaturized cultivation method for large and rapid screening of high-yielding mutants of monacolin-K, a powerful anti-hypercholesterolemic secondary metabolite biosynthesized by the fungal cells of Monascus ruber. In order to investigate as many strains as possible in a short time, a miniaturized fermentation method especially suitable for the cultivation of the filamentous Monascus mutants was developed using $50m{\ell}$ culture-tube ($7m{\ell}$ of working volume) instead of the traditional $250m{\ell}$ flask ($50m{\ell}$ of working volume). Generally, in filamentous fungal cell fermentations, morphologies in growth and production cultures should be maintained as thick filamentous and compact-pelleted (usually less than 1 mm in diameter) forms, respectively, for enhanced production of secondary metabolites in final production cultures. In this study, we intended to induce the respective optimal morphologies in the miniaturized culture system for the purpose of rapid screening of overproducers. Miniaturized growth culture system was successfully developed due to the mass production of spores in the statistically optimized solid medium. When large amounts of spores were inoculated into the growth cultures, and brown rice flour (20 g/L) was also supplemented to the growth medium, dense filamentous morphologies were successfully induced in the growth cultures performed with the 50 ml culture tubes. It was implied that the amounts of spores inoculated into the growth tube-cultures and the growth medium components should be the key factors for the induction of the filamentous forms in the growth fermentations. Furthermore, in order to statistically optimize production medium, multiple experiments based on Plackett-Burman design and response surface method (RSM) were carried out, resulting in more than 2 fold enhanced production of monacolin-K in the final production cultures with the optimized production medium. Notably, under the production culture conditions with the statistically optimized medium, optimal pellet sizes below 1 mm in diameter were reproducibly induced, in contrast to the thick and viscous filamentous morphologies observed in the previous production cultures.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.1
• /
• pp.41-48
• /
• 2012

Bee venom (BV) has been used in medicine to treat a variety of diseases including arthritis, rheumatism, and various cancers. Recent reports indicate that BV has anti-angiogenic effects, but the precise molecular mechanism underlying the effects of BV against colorectal cancer remains to be elucidated. We examined the effects of BV and its major components (melittin and apamin) on tumor angiogenesis and found that BV significantly decreased protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor-$1{\alpha}$ (HIF-$1{\alpha}$), an important factor involved in angiogenesis and tumor progression, in human colorectal carcinoma HCT116 cells. BV also suppressed the transcription of HIF-$1{\alpha}$ under hypoxia, leading to a decrease in the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a major target gene of HIF-$1{\alpha}$. We also found that these effects were mainly elicited by apamin, but not melittin. BV specifically inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 without changing the total levels of this protein, but had no effect on kinases of p38/JNK and AKT. Our results suggest that BV may inhibit human colorectal cancer progression and angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-$1{\alpha}$ and VEGF expression, thereby providing a novel potential mechanism for the anticancer action of BV.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2006

Wastewater generated through the food waste recycling process have known high concentration, BOD 20,000~150,000 mg/L, which has to treat to the proper level because of a ban on reclamation. But it is impossible to treat less than 10 days by existing water treatment plant. Ecodays Ltd. is to treat this wastewater during 2~4 days by ER-1, which can simultaneously induce the modified PFR(Plug Flow Reactor) of the oxygen transfer rate, MLVSS concentration, and influent concentration to top from bottom of reactor. We tested the pilot test about low concentration food wastewater(BOD 16,500 mg/L) and high concentration food wastewater(64,431 mg/L) at the food waste recycling plant of H-Gun(20t/d). Hydraulic retention time(HRT) of ER-1 for low concentration food wastewater is 2.5day. In low concentration conditions, ER-1 treatment efficiency is to appear BOD 99%, COD 98%, TN 97%, and TP 96%. While ER-1 process for high concentration food wastewater treatment is composed 2 stages, which are to be HRT 2.5day for law wastewater and HRT 1.5 day for secondary treatment. In high concentration conditions, ER-1 treatment efficiency is to appear BOD 97%, COD 84%, TN 66%, and TP 95%. It is treated without temperature control about high temperature($50^{\circ}C$) to appear low treatment efficiency in high concentration conditions.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.115-124
• /
• 2022

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) sources on the antioxidant defense system in the blood and liver of laying hens. Thirty-six 40-wk old Lohmann Brown hens were randomly assigned to three groups based on body weight, with four cages with three layers each. Laying hens were divided into one of the following groups: control (CON), powdered CoQ10 (PCoQ, 100 mg/kg diet), and emulsified CoQ10 (ECoQ, 100 mg/kg diet). All hens were fed a control diet or a control diet supplemented with powdered or emulsified CoQ10 ad libitum for five weeks. There were no differences in body weight, weight gain, and organ weights among the treatment groups, including the liver and spleen. The blood total antioxidant power (TAP) in the ECoQ group increased (P<0.05) by approximately 2-fold compared to that in the CON group. However, there was no significant difference in blood TAP levels between the PCoQ and ECoQ groups, although a decreasing trend (P<0.13) was observed for levels of TAP in the ECoQ group. The mRNA expression and specific activities of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase in the liver were not affected by dietary CoQ10 or type of CoQ10. However, hepatic lipid peroxidation in the ECoQ group was lower (P<0.05) than in the CON group. In conclusion, emulsified CoQ10 increased blood TAP and decreased hepatic lipid peroxidation without affecting antioxidant enzymes, suggesting that emulsified CoQ10 might be more applicable as an active antioxidant supplement than powdered type in laying hens.