• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.691-709
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• 2007

This paper investigates the social and political construction of geographical scale in conjunction with Korean housing politics. Recently, attention has been drawn to the issue of the social and political construction of geographical scale. Spatial scales have increasingly been regarded as socially constructed and politically contested rather than ontologically pregiven or fixed. The scale literature has paid attention to how different spatial scales can be used or articulated in social movements, with an emphasis on 'up-scaling' and 'scales of activism' rather than 'down-scaling' and 'scales of regulation.' Furthermore, the scale literature has focused on the aspect of empowerment. However, it is worthwhile to examine how scale-especially 'down-scaling' and 'scales of regulation'-can be used not only for marginalizing or excluding unprivileged social groups, but also for controlling the (re)production of space, including housing space. Under a regulatory regime, the Korean central government gained more control over the (re)production of housing space at geographical multi-scales by means of 'jumping scales,' specifically 'down-scaling.' The Korean central government has increasingly obtained the capacity to 'jump scales' by using not only multiscalar strategies for housing developments, but also taking advantage of various scales of institutional networking among the central and local governments, quasi-governmental institutions, and Chaebols, across the state. Traditionally, scale has been regarded as an analytical spatial unit or category. However, scale can be seen as means of inclusion(and exclusion) and legitimation. Choosing institutions to include or exclude cannot be separated from the choices and range of spatial scale, and is closely connected to 'scale spatiality of politics.' Facilitating different forms of 'scales of regulation,' the Korean central government included Chaebols and upper- and middle-income groups for the legitimization of housing projects, but excluded local-scale grassroots organizations and unprivileged social groups as decision-makers.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.5_1
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• pp.577-587
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• 2023

The utilization of crowdsourced spatial data has been actively researched; however, issues stemming from the uncertainty of data quality have been raised. In particular, when low-quality data is mixed into drone imagery datasets, it can degrade the quality of spatial information output. In order to address these problems, the study presents a methodology for automatically validating the geometric quality of crowdsourced imagery. Key quality factors such as spatial resolution, resolution variation, matching point reprojection error, and bundle adjustment results are utilized. To classify imagery suitable for spatial information generation, training and validation datasets are constructed, and machine learning is conducted using a radial basis function (RBF)-based support vector machine (SVM) model. The trained SVM model achieved a classification accuracy of 99.1%. To evaluate the effectiveness of the quality validation model, imagery sets before and after applying the model to drone imagery not used in training and validation are compared by generating orthoimages. The results confirm that the application of the quality validation model reduces various distortions that can be included in orthoimages and enhances object identifiability. The proposed quality validation methodology is expected to increase the utility of crowdsourced data in spatial information generation by automatically selecting high-quality data from the multitude of crowdsourced data with varying qualities.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.259-261
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• 2004

정보통신 공학의 발전과 급속한 사회변화의 가속화는 e-Learning이라는 교육의 새로운 패러다임을 창출하게 되었다. 사이버공간에서의 e-Learning의 많은 장점들과 효율성을 고려하여 거대한 시장성이 확보되고 있는 실정이나 실제 교육현장에서의 효과성에 대한 연구는 미흡한 상태이다. 사이버 시대에 걸맞는 교육시스템으로는 오프라인 교육과정 중심, 일회성 교육중심에서 온, 오프라인이 통합되는 총체적인 학습 촉진 시스템의 설계방법론의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 온라인 학습을 오프라인 상의 어떤 활동으로 연계시켜 온라인 상에서 발생하는 학습의 불완성을 극복하고 보완할 수 있는 통합적 대안으로 blended-learning을 기반으로 한 학습 모형을 설계하고 학습을 지원해 줄 학습 시스템을 설계하였다.

• The Journal of Sustainable Design and Educational Environment Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.12-25
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• 2015

This study is currently presenting a creative education policy through the new 2015 revised curriculum and the Free semester system of Middle School as part of the education policy reform in the government-led, high freedom grade in each regional school board first, emotional schools, friendly school, campus type schools, etc. with creative thinking and improve students' autonomous judgment with the psychological and political reasons meant to provide amusement and certainty of their career choice. This creates space for creative education through the theoretical understanding of the educational philosophical thinking on creativity was to identify the appropriate means of educational space. The purpose of this study was to extract the linkage to produce creative educational environment that is generated through the philosophical thinking of the historical and psychological analysis of creativity with a human being. Future school construction has a future-oriented task should create a creative learning space in the center of the member schools. This creates space for creative education through the theoretical understanding of the educational philosophical thinking on creativity was to identify the appropriate means of educational space. Therefore Philosophical Thinking Creative School of members through the grounds centric collaboration focused on convergence enemy curriculum and school creative autonomy of operation which is central educational environment, that is diversified assistance as an attribute of the environment, space, space, flexible outdoor space, linking enemy center space, different types and sizes of the space case situation, the open space and spatial fusion can be seen the configuration doeeojim with different training space element.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.113-138
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• 2014

Despite the growing numbers of regional problems (e.g. conflicts between the state and localities, inter-local conflicts, etc.) associated with the state-led developmental projects, the Korean social sciences have been unable to offer satisfying explanations and solutions to the regional problems. This is mainly because the existing works, which have been taken captured by the assumptions of "methodological nationalism", significantly lack the socio-spatial understandings of the state actions and the relations between the state and localities, thereby seeing the issues of regional development mainly in terms of either the economic efficiency defined at the national scale, or the plan rationality of the national bureaucrats. With this problem orientation in mind, this paper aims to explore the ways in which the state and localities are interacting, conflicting and negotiating with one another through the mediation of the state-led developmental projects. Focusing on the developmental processes of Masan Export Processing Zone from the mid-1960s to the early 1970s, it examines the multi-scalar processes through which the state-led industrial complex developmental processes have been influenced by the complex and dynamic interactions among social forces and actors acting at diverse geographical scales (e.g. the global, national, local, urban, etc.). This analysis shows that the regional policies of the Korean developmental state were more heavily influenced by the interactions, contestations, and collaborations among social forces and actors, acting in and through the state, at various geographical scales, rather than by the economic and techno-bureaucratic rationality.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.201-229
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 노동자문화정치의 관점에서 파업을 새롭게 정의하고, 파업을 비롯한 노동자 문화실천의 정치적 효과를 분석하기 위한 방법론적 요소들을 검토하였다. 여기서 파업은 참여주체들의 다양한 사고와 합리성들을 중심으로 형성되고 확장되는 내재적인 정치의 장인 동시에, 다양한 기표적 실천들이 전개되는 문화정치의 장으로 정의되었다. 파업의 발생과 전개의 각 과정과 국면에 대한 문화정치적 분석 요소로서 장소성, 공간, 시간, 정서, 기호자원, 담론이 고려되었고, 이 요소들에 초점을 두고 민주노조 파업에서 드러나는 문화정치적 제약들을 H사 노조 사례를 통해 검토하였다. 문화정치적 제약들은 노동자 문화의 생산과 수용에서의 제약으로 드러난다. 노동자문화 관련 텍스트들의 분석과 조사 자료를 통해서 볼 때, 그것들은 첫째로 노동자 문화 활동가들의 생산 실천 상의 제약과 관련있고, 둘째로, 노동자 대중의 노동자 문화 수용 혹은 소비에서의 도구성과 시 공간 상의 제약과 관련있는 것을 확인했다. 본 논문은 이러한 제약들이 70년대 이후에서 90년대 전반에 이르는 시기와는 달리, 현 시기 노동운동의 문화적 자원들이 신기술과 사회문화적 변화에 걸맞게 변화 확장되지 못하고 오히려 축소된 데 기인한다고 추론하였다. 따라서 지속적인 운동의 조건과 기반을 능동적으로 조성하기 위해서는, 파업을 비롯한 노동자 문화의 생산과 수용 전반에 걸쳐서 작용하는 재현체계 상의 제약, 특히 기호자원의 한계라는 근본적인 제약을 넘어서기 위한 노동자 문화정치의 필요성이 제안되었으며, 문화실천에 몸담고 있는 문화활동가나 노조활동가들이 파업과 일상 활동 속에서 문화정치적 주제들을 찾아 이론화하고 정책에 반영하는 문화활동 방안이 제안되었다.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.231-240
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• 2004

Space design in the 21st century has been developed in connection with media more various than ever. In the age of image represented by popular culture, space design connected with media is based on post-reason thoughts constituting the post-modern society, and reflects polysemously and pluralistically changes in the society through the identification of art with life. The movie, which is an image perceived particularly sensibly and the most impractical simulated image among various illusionary media images composing the contemporary society, is growing rapidly in interrelation with various fields of art based on its peculiar nature, and its influence is getting more extensive. The movie manipulates mass society to create what does not exist and restore lost images into new realities through the reproduction of extremely realistic senses, and uses them in establishing virtual realities and creating illusionary images representing the age of simularc. The illusionary expression of the movie produces new meanings through disintegrating existing meanings and recombining them, and expresses popular culture from a position closest to our everyday life. Such an analytical attitude toward the illusionary movie reflecting our society can be a new approach to space design. The present study attempts to suggest the possibility of applying such an illusionary characteristic of the movie as a methodology of space design by utilizing the characteristic as a conceptual language of space design.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.269-281
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• 2016

This article problematizes and interrogates the idea of 'community' which is increasingly important in Korean urban policy-making. For the purpose, this article scrutinizes, and compares, how ordinary citizen participants and civil society activist organizations in a 'community garden' program of Seoul make sense of, utilize, and practice the policy concept. The neo-Faucauldian perspective of 'governmentality' is employed to understand the association between the community-focused policy program and neoliberalism, but Barnett's( 2005) call for 'bottom-up governmentality' is taken seriously in order to avoid any deterministic interpretation. On the basis of this eclectic perspective on governmentality, this article presents empirical findings that may suggest a contestation over community between ordinary citizens and civil society activists. More specifically, ordinary citizen participants prioritize place-based, on-the-ground community experiences that are built on common cultivation practices, whereas civil society activists tend to consider community garden as a teleological governmental technology generative of particular citizen subjects. Civic community garden advocacy as such aims to address social, economic, and spatial problems that neoliberalsim has produced, but it also appears to be in a close association with neoliberal urban policy. Thus, the community activism's meaningfulness lies in its active intervention to neoliberal urban policy, but a gap between ordinary practical achievements and civic activism can be a potential danger to urban community policy. On the basis of this discussion, this article asks more detailed investigations about the taken-for-granted positivity of urban community (re)vitalization programs, and also examinations on whether and how such projects generates emergent tensions between ordinary achievements and policy prescriptions.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.169-186
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• 2018

The social influence of the elderly population will accelerate in a rapidly aging society. The purpose of this study is to establish a methodology for extracting vulnerable districts of the welfare of the aged through machine learning(ML), artificial neural network(ANN) and geospatial analysis. In order to establish the direction of analysis, this progressed after an interview with volunteers who over 65-year old people, public officer and the manager of the aged welfare facility. The indicators are the geographic distance capacity, elderly welfare enjoyment, officially assessed land price and mobile communication based on old people activities where 500 m vector areal unit within 15 minutes in Yongin-city, Gyeonggi-do. As a result, the prediction accuracy of 83.2% in the support vector machine(SVM) of ML using the RBF kernel algorithm was obtained in simulation. Furthermore, the correlation result(0.63) was derived from ANN using backpropagation algorithm. A geographically weighted regression(GWR) was also performed to analyze spatial autocorrelation within variables. As a result of this analysis, the coefficient of determination was 70.1%, which showed good explanatory power. Moran's I and Getis-Ord Gi coefficients are analyzed to investigate spatially outlier as well as distribution patterns. This study can be used to solve the welfare imbalance of the aged considering the local conditions of the government recently.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.123-139
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• 2015

This paper attempts to complement the methodological and conceptual lack of spatial thinking in Korean women's movement research and to facilitate further discussion on this field of research, by drawing on recent academic discussion on scale developed particularly among the Western critical and feminist geographers. The purposes of the paper are following. First, it addresses the need to utilize the concept of scale in women's movement research. Numerous spatial metaphors often proliferated with indiscretion in the feminist approach have rather tended to hinder fully understanding the spatiality of social movements. In order to examine the spatiality of social movements as both conceptual tool and praxis, not merely as metaphor, the paper incorporates main issues in recent scale discourses with particular attention to the debate between Marston and Brenner, and explores their implications for women's movement research in Korea. Second, it emphasizes the multi-scalar approach by highlighting the role of micro-scale, the less studied side in social movement literature. The public and the private divide, the long time battle ground in feminist research, is often intermingled with the hierarchical scalar understanding which considers the global as more powerful and important than the local. The reproductive realm, however, is indispensably related to production and political economic realm. The paper explores the very site where both the public/private divide and the hierarchical scalar understanding can be dismantled. It is the site where the private becomes public and the local becomes the global (and vice versa). Drawing on a brief example of an anti-FTA movement of women with strollers in Korea, it examines the way the multi-scalar approach advances the understanding of Korean women's movement.