• Title/Summary/Keyword: 사회적 위험도

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Estimation of Water Surface and Available Water for Agricultural Reservoirs using Sentinel-2 Satellite Imagery (Sentinel-2 위성영상을 활용한 농업용 저수지 수표면 및 가용수량 추정)

  • Lee, Hee-Jin;Nam, Won-Ho;Yoon, Dong-Hyun;Jang, Min-Won;Kim, Dae-Eui
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2020.06a
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    • pp.163-163
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    • 2020
  • 전 세계적으로 기후변화에 따른 온난화 현상으로 인하여 농업에 직접적인 영향을 주는 기상 및 환경요인의 변화가 급격하게 진행되고 있다. 2017년에는 전국의 봄철 강수량이 평년 대비 60% 수준으로 물 부족 현상을 야기하여 극심한 가뭄이 발생하였다. 최근 지역적인 강수량 부족으로 인한 국소적인 가뭄 발생 및 발생빈도가 높아지고 있는 추세이며, 특히 농업가뭄은 농업용수의 주요한 용수공급시설인 농업용 저수지 및 용수공급시설의 지역적 편중 등으로 농업용수 부족 상황이 발생할 위험이 커지고 있다. 따라서, 시기별 저수지의 가용용수능력을 평가하는 것이 중요하며, 이러한 판단을 위하여 위성영상을 이용한 저수지 수표면적 및 용수능력판단이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 가뭄시기의 저수지 수표면적 및 용수능력판단을 위하여 Sentinel-2 위성영상을 활용하여 2016년부터 2018년까지 충청남도 서산 지역의 농업용 저수지를 대상으로 정규수분지수(Normalized Difference Water Index, NDWI)을 산정하였다. NDWI는 위성영상의 파장 정보를 활용하여 지표면의 수분함유량과 관계를 나타내며, 하천, 호수, 습지 등 수분을 다량으로 함유한 지형지물을 탐지하기 위하여 사용된다. NDWI와 수위-내용적 자료와의 관계로부터 저수지 수표면적을 산출하였으며, 이에 따른 상관성 분석을 통하여 위성영상을 활용한 농업용 저수지의 가용수량 추정방법을 제시하고자 한다.

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Estimation of willingness to pay of workers who are engaged in nuclear power R&D projects to avoid exposure to radioactive matters by using a choice experiment (선택실험설문에 의한 방사능 피폭 가능성에 대한 원자력 기술개발 종사자의 지불용의액 추정)

  • Bae, Jeong Hwan
    • Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.411-435
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    • 2013
  • Since catastrophe from explosion of Hukushima nuclear power plant, concerns over possibility of exposure to radioactive matter has been disseminating all over the world and frequent accidents of domestic nuclear power plants also has been amplifying throughout the nation. In the past, major focus was made on compensation for local residents who live nearby nuclear power plants, but focal point of this study is on wage premium of workers who are employed in R&D of nuclear power plants. It is difficult to derive socially desirable result if private sectors are responsible for compensation on workers who suffer from physical damages due to the exposure to radioactive matter. Because victims should verify the damages that occur in the working places. This study conducted a survey on which job would prefer the respondents who are engaged with the nuclear R&D projects as exposure levels to radioactive matter, security of job, location of firms, and work intensity differ. As a result, exposure to radioactive matter was the most important attribute in choosing alternative jobs followed by job security, work intensity and job location. Annual willingness to pay for reduction of exposure to radioactive matter was estimated as 7730~7770 thousand KRW depending on different econometric models. Therefore, Korean government should prepare institutional foundation in order that appropriate compensation should be made on workers who are engaged in R&D projects on nuclear power plants if they have damages from the exposure to radioactive matter.

Developing a regional fog prediction model using tree-based machine-learning techniques and automated visibility observations (시정계 자료와 기계학습 기법을 이용한 지역 안개예측 모형 개발)

  • Kim, Daeha
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.54 no.12
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    • pp.1255-1263
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    • 2021
  • While it could become an alternative water resource, fog could undermine traffic safety and operational performance of infrastructures. To reduce such adverse impacts, it is necessary to have spatially continuous fog risk information. In this work, tree-based machine-learning models were developed in order to quantify fog risks with routine meteorological observations alone. The Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting (LGB), and Random Forests (RF) were chosen for the regional fog models using operational weather and visibility observations within the Jeollabuk-do province. Results showed that RF seemed to show the most robust performance to categorize between fog and non-fog situations during the training and evaluation period of 2017-2019. While the LGB performed better than in predicting fog occurrences than the others, its false alarm ratio was the highest (0.695) among the three models. The predictability of the three models considerably declined when applying them for an independent period of 2020, potentially due to the distinctively enhanced air quality in the year under the global lockdown. Nonetheless, even in 2020, the three models were all able to produce fog risk information consistent with the spatial variation of observed fog occurrences. This work suggests that the tree-based machine learning models could be used as tools to find locations with relatively high fog risks.

Changing Relation of Science and Public: The Main Approaches to Public Understanding of Science(PUS) (과학과 대중의 관계 변화 - 대중에 대한 인식 변화를 중심으로)

  • Kim Dong-Kwang
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.2 no.2 s.4
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 2002
  • This Article examines the main approaches to the public understanding of science(PUS) in light of the changing relation of science and public. Traditional approach called deficit model recognizes scientific knowledge as a entity, unidirectionally diffusing to public. This View basically presupposes the gap between science and public. Meanwhile, this approach has an aspiration to reduce the gap. So there is a paradoxical situation in the traditional PUS. Public perception of environmental crisis and risk of science has been risen since late 1980's. And the science technology studies (STS) have criticized traditional approach. STS proposes new approach of constructive PUS. Constructive PUS conceives the public to have heterogeneous, local characteristic. This approach has been very fertile both in theory and practice. But most recently, newly proposed approach, so called heterogeneous PUS, criticizes constructive PUS. Main point of criticism is that constructive PUS has dichotomy between science and public, and romanticizes the public. It is uncertain whether heterogeneous PUS can take place of constructive PUS. But this trend has the implication that the relation of science and public is constantly changing.

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Flood Risk Estimation Using Regional Regression Analysis (지역회귀분석을 이용한 홍수피해위험도 산정)

  • Jang, Ock-Jae;Kim, Young-Oh
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.9 no.4
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    • pp.71-80
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    • 2009
  • Although desire for living without hazardous damages grows these days, threats from natural disasters which we are currently exposed to are quiet different from what we have experienced. To cope with this changing situation, it is necessary to assess the characteristics of the natural disasters. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to suggest a methodology to estimate the potential property loss and assess the flood risk using a regional regression analysis. Since the flood damage mainly consists of loss of lives and property damages, it is reasonable to express the results of a flood risk assessment with the loss of lives and the property damages that are vulnerable to flood. The regional regression analysis has been commonly used to find relationships between regional characteristics of a watershed and parameters of rainfall-runoff models or probability distribution models. In our research, however, this model is applied to estimate the potential flood damage as follows; 1) a nonlinear model between the flood damage and the hourly rainfall is found in gauged regions which have sufficient damage and rainfall data, and 2) a regression model is developed from the relationship between the coefficients of the nonlinear models and socio-economic indicators in the gauged regions. This method enables us to quantitatively analyze the impact of the regional indicators on the flood damage and to estimate the damage through the application of the regional regression model to ungauged regions which do not have sufficient data. Moreover the flood risk map is developed by Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) which is equal to the ratio of the estimated flood damage to the total regional property. Comparing the results of this research with Potential Flood Damage (PFD) reported in the Long-term Korea National Water Resources Plan, the exports' mistaken opinions could affect the weighting procedure of PFD, but the proposed approach based on the regional regression would overcome the drawback of PFD. It was found that FVI is highly correlated with the past damage, while PFD does not reflect the regional vulnerabilities.

Characteristics and Risk Factors of High Caries Risk Group in 12-year-old Children Using Data from the 2015 Children's Oral Health Survey (2015년 아동구강건강실태조사 자료를 이용한 12세 아동의 치아우식증 고위험군의 특성과 위험 요인 분석)

  • Kim, Kayoung;Kim, Ah-Hyeon;An, So-Youn
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.47 no.3
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    • pp.327-336
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study was to examine the characteristics of the high caries risk group of 12-year-old children in Korea. Oral health status and interview data were collected from 23,089 children aged 12 years who participated in the 2015 Korean Children's Oral Health Survey. Subjects were classified into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the Significant caries (SiC) index, and the influence of each variable was analyzed. As a result of the study, the SiC index of the high-risk group was 5.08, which was about 9.6 times higher than the low-risk group. The risk factors associated with the high-risk group were in the order of the number of sealant teeth, dental treatment demand for the past year, perceived oral health status, gender, region, frequency of snack intake per day, and use of oral hygiene aids. In order to improve the oral health of children, appropriate preventive treatment and oral health education should be carried out with reference to the items indicated as risk factors in the high-risk group of dental caries.

Relationship between Health Risk Behaviors and Toothbrushing among School-Going Adolescents in Poor Urban Areas of Peru (페루 도시 빈민 지역 청소년들의 칫솔질 빈도와 건강위험행동의 관련성)

  • Kim, Yeun Ju;Nam, Eun Woo
    • Journal of dental hygiene science
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2017
  • The aim of this study was to explore the association between daily toothbrushing frequency and health risk behaviors of school-going adolescents in poor urban areas of Peru. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 959 school-going adolescents 11~19 years of age in poor urban areas of Peru in 2014. Health risk behaviors we assessed in the study were smoking; drinking; consuming sugar-sweetened soft drinks (more than one cup); leisure time activities including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet; and never or rarely handwashing with soap. Daily toothbrushing frequency was divided into two groups (once and twice daily). For statistical analyses, the chi-square test and hierarchical logistic regression were used at 5% level of significance. Of the total respondents, 63 (14.3%) were boys and 53 (10.3%) were girls and 116 (12.1%) engaged in toothbrushing (${\leq}1$ times daily). According to the adjusted logistic regression analysis for socio-demographic characteristics, two behaviors (leisure time use activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet (odds ratio [OR], 2.29; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.20~4.35), and never or rarely hand washing with soap (OR, 4.09; CI, 2.48~6.75) were statistically associated with toothbrushing frequency (${\leq}1$ times daily). We found two health risk behaviors (leisure time activities, including watching television, playing games, and using the Internet, and never or rarely handwashing with soap) associated with toothbrushing frequency among adolescents in the study area. Thus, oral health promotion programs should consider these health risk behaviors associated with toothbrushing frequency.

Flood Discharge Estimation with Consideration of Uncertainty of Rainfall Spatial Distribution (강우공간분포의 불확실성을 고려한 홍수량 추정)

  • Seo, Young-Min;Yeo, Woon-Ki;Jee, Hong-Kee
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2012.05a
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    • pp.294-294
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    • 2012
  • 홍수위험도 추정에 있어서 불확실성은 수리, 수문, 구조, 환경 및 사회경제적인 불확실성과 관련 있으며, 수리 수문학적 불확실성은 주로 수리 수문학적 현상과 그 과정에 대한 불완전한 지식, 그리고 그 과정에 포함된 매개변수들에 대한 불완전한 지식과 관련이 있다. 이러한 여러 가지 불확실성은 홍수위험도 추정에 있어서의 불확실성에 중요한 요인으로 작용하므로 불확실성을 설명하기 위한 통계적 정보는 신뢰성 있는 홍수위험도 추정에 있어서 선행조건이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 불확실성 요인중 강우의 공간분포에 대한 신뢰성 있는 추정은 수자원 해석 및 설계에 있어서 필수적인 요소이다. 강우장의 공간변동성에 대한 고해상도 추정은 홍수, 특히 돌발홍수의 원인이 되는 국지성 호우의 확인 및 분석에 있어서 중요하다. 또한 강우의 공간 변동성에 대한 고려는 면적평균강우량 추정의 정확도를 향상시키는데 있어서 중요하며, 강우-유출모델의 모의결과에 대한 신뢰도를 향상시키는데 큰 영향을 미친다. 최근 공간자료에 대한 공간분포예측에 있어서 공간상관성을 고려할 수 있는 공간통계학적 기법의 적용이 증가하고 있으며, 이러한 공간통계학적 기법의 적용에 있어서 신뢰성 있는 모델 매개변수의 추정 및 불확실성 평가는 공간분포 예측결과에 대한 신뢰성을 향상시키는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 외국의 경우 공간분포예측 및 모의, 매개변수의 불확실성 평가 등과 관련하여 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있는 반면 국내 수자원 분야에서는 아직까지 활발한 연구가 이루어지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 국내의 수문설계실무에서와 같이 확률홍수량을 강우빈도분석과 강우-유출모델을 이용하여 추정할 경우 확률홍수량 추정에 있어서 확률강우량 및 공간분포에 대한 불확실성과 강우-유출모델에서의 불확실성이 확률홍수량 추정에서의 불확실성에 영향을 미치며, 이후 연피해기대치 추정과 같은 홍수위험도 추정의 불확실성에도 영향을 미치게 된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 강우공간분포의 불확실성을 고려한 홍수량 추정을 위하여 공간추계모의 기법인 CEM을 적용하여 강우공간분포의 불확실성을 정량화하고 강우-유출모델의 입력 강우량에 대한 확률분포를 추정하였다. 강우-유출해석의 경우 유효우량 및 홍수수문곡선 산정을 위하여 국내 수자원 실무에서 가장 많이 적용되고 있는 NRCS CN 기법, Clark 및 Muskingum 모델을 적용하였다. 이로부터 강우공간분포의 불확실성 추정, 소유역별 입력 강우량에 대한 확률분포의 추정 및 재현기간별 확률홍수량의 불확실성 정량화 방안을 제시하였다. 이러한 결과들은 풍수해저감대책, 유역종합치수대책 등 각종 수자원 계획 및 설계실무에서 확률홍수량 및 홍수 또는 재해위험도 추정의 신뢰성을 향상시킬 수 있는 방법론적 대안으로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

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Self-Awareness and Coping Behavior of Smartphone Dependence among Undergraduate Students (대학생의 스마트폰 의존 자각과 대처 행동)

  • Park, Jeong-Hye
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.336-344
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    • 2021
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the self-awareness of smartphone dependence among undergraduate students and their response to the same. The data was drawn from a survey on smartphone overdependence conducted by the Ministry of Science and information and communications technology (ICT) and the National Information Society Agency in 2017. The responses of 1,735 undergraduate students were analyzed by frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, minimum-maximum value, ��2-test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that 22.3% of participants were at risk of smartphone dependence, and 63.6% of them were unaware of their dependence on smartphones. The perception of smartphone dependence was significantly associated with a higher risk of smartphone dependence (��=.35, p=.000) and the increasing use of applications such as games (��=.19, p=.000), television/video (��=.11, p=.000), and learning (��=.11, p=.000). Of the participants with dependence awareness, only a few knew about the existence of centers to prevent smartphone and internet dependence. Moreover, they rarely utilized these centers. However, the participants felt the need for more counseling agencies (26.8%), programs for dealing with oneself (23.2%), information about smartphone dependence (14.9%), and help to overcome dependence (10.9%). These findings show the need to establish public services so that students can easily access correct information on smartphone dependence and address this problem.

An Empirical Analysls Approach to Investigating the Influence of Online Community Site Trust on Its Community Forum Activity (온라인 커뮤니티 사이트에 대한 신뢰가 해당 커뮤니티 내에서 이뤄지는 포럼활동에 미치는 영향에 관한 실증연구)

  • Moon, Byung-Suk;Lee, Kun-Chang;Jo, Chang-Hyeon;Kang, Shin-Jang
    • Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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    • v.24 no.1 s.63
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    • pp.227-250
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    • 2007
  • With the advent of social networking activity on the Internet, online community sites are becoming more popular. The main purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the influence of intermediary trust and system trust on the forum activity trust and information quality satisfaction. We assume that the intermediary trust and system trust come from the online community site itself, while the forum activity is made within a specific forum allowed on the online community site, and therefore forum activity trust and information quality satisfaction are related to a specific forum. The 591 valid questionnaire data were gathered from the users acting in forums allowed on the Samsung Economic Research Institute (SERI) (www. seri.org). The empirical results are as follows. First, the SERI intermediary trust and its system trust have positive influence on the SERI forum information quality, system quality, and perceived effectiveness. Second, the SERI intermediary trust contributes to reducing the SERI forum perceived risks, while the SERI system quality does not. Third, the higher the SERI intermediary trust is, the higher the SERI forum trust and information quality satisfaction increase.