• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.222-231
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• 2006

The purposes of this study were to survey internal engagement in science fair and explore the causal relationship between internal engagement and motivation for participation. A written questionnaire on queries into motivation for participation and internal engagement were developed and tested. The subjects were 1066 students from 4th to 9th grade who had participated in the Youth Science Contest under the auspices of the Korea Science Foundation. Interest and commitment were selected as constructing factors of internal engagement. Through exploratory factor analysis, preference, reward, and social motivation were determined to be the factors affecting the motivation to participate. Boys showed higher internal engagement than girls, and interest and commitment were found to be higher in elementary school students(p<0.01). There was no difference in interest among elementary school students; however, fourth grade students showed lower commitment than other students(p<0.01). Ninth grade students showed the lowest interest and commitment among junior high school students(p<0.01). To explore the causal relationship between internal engagement and factors influence internal engagement, path analysis was used. The selected model illustrated how reward motivation affected commitment directly, and how preference motivation affected interest directly but only commitment indirectly through interest. Reward motivation affected commitment with a standardized direct effect coefficient of 0.17. Preference motivation affected interest with a standardized direct effect coefficient of 0.75 and commitment with a standardized total effect coefficient of 0.63(direct effect; 0.27 and indirect effect; 0.36). In addition, interest affected commitment with a standardized direct effect coefficient of 0.49. Social motivation did not affect interest and commitment and reward motivation did not affect interest.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.59-73
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• 2007

The compensation system in industrial accident insurance is systemized with "either receiving all or no benefits at all" according to "admited or denied as an industrial accident". Therefore, they are centered on the decision as "industrial accident" or "non-industrial accident", but judging between the two is very complicated, and has inherent conflicting factors. In the early stage of industrialization, industrial accident compensation was based on the indemnity liability for employer's faults. In order to be compensated any damage, the injured worker should prove that the accident was not due to his or her faults. However it was very difficult for injured worker or his or her family to prove the employer's faults, so it was almost impossible to get compensation. Thereafter industrialization progress and improvement of workers' political status lead to conversion from principle of liability with employer's faults to principle of liability without employer's faults. In addition to that, coverage of industrial accident compensation was also expanded. This improvement strengthened the benefit payment principle of "All or Nothing". Even though the "All or Nothing" principle provokes tremendous criticism, the reason why it's difficult for industrialized countries to adopt partial compensation system, is that partial compensation system worsens the administrative hardship, therefore industrialized countries overcome the restrictions of the "All or Nothing" principle with making balance in provisions for any risk to some extent. However, in Korea because the general compensation system for covering medical cost and income loss from accidents, is not equipped, it could be possible to cause acute conflicts with regard to coverage of industrial accidents. Therefore it is required to improve the industrial accident insurance with the acceptance of the significance and logic of discriminated compensation, and create the integrated compensation system in the long run.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.18-24
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• 1998

This paper attempts to improve domestic natural gas pricing system, thereby optimizing social welfare. This is done by deriving theoretical frameworks of natural gas pricing, which make use of both Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule based on the theory of marginal cost. Allocative efficiency and social welfare between gas prices derived from the three pricing mechanism, present Cost-based pricing, Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule, are analysed and compared in the case study. For the city gas, allocative efficiency of Cost-based pricing is higher than that of Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule. In contrast, for the natural gas consumed for power generation, allocative efficiency of Cost-based pricing is lower than the other two pricing systems. It also turns out that social welfare is improved by the prices driven from Ramsey component pricing rule and Efficient component pricing rule rather than present Cost-based pricing.

• Journal of Advanced Technology Convergence
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.49-55
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• 2022

Women's welfare needs to claim a women-centered and independent welfare implementation line rather than simply staying within the framework of overall social welfare. A significant number of existing women's welfare programs have shown a tendency to protect women under the patriarchal premise. However, women's welfare in the future should go in the direction of helping women to improve the quality of life as an individual out of the limited frame of family. Providing compensation for protecting dependent families is also an important aspect of women's welfare. In other words, it is necessary to study how the government provides economic direct and indirect compensation to women who have lost the opportunity to participate in labor because they have to take care of children, the disabled, or the elderly. In addition, it is expected that welfare can be improved by inducing men's participation in reproductive activities through social education and relieving women's obligations to their families.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.5
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• pp.265-301
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• 1993

지난 6월 3일 동경에서 있었던, 아시아 항공/우주법 학술대회 제 3분과에서 영국 Bin Cheng교수의 "The Warsaw System: Mess up, Tear up, or Shore up?"이라는 주제의 논문발표가 있었다. Bin Cheng교수는 특히 유럽의 EC Consultant Paper 와 일본항공사들의 1992년의 무한책임보상주의 채택에 대하여, 마치 무한 책임보상주의의 이론이 승리하였으며, 위의 상황들이 그 시작이라고 단정하였는데 이러한 견해는 아직까지 시기상조라고 생각한다. 본 글에서는 동경회의에서의 Bin Cheng교수의 논문중 특히 10항의 결론 부분을 중점으로 반대되는 의견을 제시하고자 한다. 국제항공사법인 와르소체제가 과연 발전하고 있는 것인가? 퇴보하고 있는 것인가? 와르소체제의 반대론자들은 미국의 소송변호사들, 일본항공사들과 일부 순수이론을 고수하는 학자들로써 이들은 와르소체제로부터의 탈퇴와 무한책임보상주의를 고수하고 있다. EC Consultation Paper (각주 122 참조)에서 보듯이, 비록 항공운송시의 손해배상액이 타 운송시의 손해배상액보다 적기는 하지만 이것이 곧 '무한책임보상주의'를 의미하는 것은 아니다. 미국의 판례중 불법행위로 인한 소송 (Nichole Fortman v. Hemeo Inc.)에서 보면, 작은 창자의 대부분을 병원의 과실때문에 잃은 Brooklin의 한 여인에게 500억 정도의 손해배상이 주어진 것을 보면, 과연 완전 보상에 맞는 무한책임이 과연 항공소송에 적용될 수 있는 것인가를 알아야 한다. 무한책임보상주의는 특히 개발도상국의 항공사들에게 보험료가 너무 과중하고, 와르소협약의 근본목적인 국제항공법의 통일성에 반하고 있기 때문에 국제사회 전반에 적용하기에는 비현실적이다. 와르소체제의 통일 성에 대한 거부는 만약 와르소체제에 버금가는 다른 보상체제가 있는 경우에는 다르지만, 현실적으로는 결국 국제적 혼란만을 야기사킬 것이다. 또한 와르소체제 반대자들은 항공운송인과 승객들의 관계를 갈등관계로 보고 있지만, 근본적으로 와프소협약에서의 항공운송인파 승객들의 관제는 공동이악관계로 보아야 한다. 항공운송사업의 목적도 또한 이윤추구인 바, 승객들이 항공운송인에게 과다한 손해배상을 요구하면, 결국 항공운송인은 승객들의 주머니에서 그 댓가를 찾으려고 할 것이다. 절국 양자의 이익을 보는 것은 소송변호사들 뿐이라고 볼 수 있다. 또한 'Unlimited Liability' 에서 'Unlimited' 란 'Full-Compensation' 을 의미하는 것으로, 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에는, 'Full-Compensation' 의 개념과 다르게, 그 보상액이 Warsaw협약 제 22조 1항에 적용되지 않는 'No-limited' 의 개념으로 해석하여야 한다. 항공소송의 경우에 통상 'Wilful-Misconduct' 의 경우에 손해배상액이 약 $700,000 인 것을 보더라도 'Full-Compensation'의 의미로 해석할 수 없다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서에서 'WilfulMisconduct' 의 개념을 삭제하고자 하는 것은, 이에 대비하여 추가보상제도, 임액수의 종액, 영격책임추의 등의 요소들을 전제로 하고 있기 때문이다. 몬트리올 제 3추가의정서가 최근의 발전적인 손해배상제도인가에 대하여, Bin Cheng 교수는 반대를 하고 있지만, 최선의 제도를 찾는 입장에서 몬트리올 추가 의정서는 여러가지로 부족하다. 그러나, 유한책임제도의 개선, 엄격책임주의의 도입, 빠른 소송타결의 제도, 재판관할권의 확대 그리고, SDR 화폐단위의 채택 등은 헤이그 의정서 이후의 보다 나은 제도적 장치를 하고 있다고 해석하여야 할 것이다. 시대의 변화에 따라 점진적으로 발전된 보상제도를 채택하였다면, 오늘날과 같이 시대에 뒤떨어진 보상체제로 혼란을 겪고 있지 않았을 것이다.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.17-26
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• 2015

The purpose of this research is to suggest a guideline for direction of content design and resource allocation to make mobile social network game (mobile SNG) production more efficient. We assumed that commercial purpose of mobile SNG is to improve uses' intention of use of the game, and from previous researches we selected flow, social interaction, self efficacy, competition, and reward as the factors which have influence on the intention of use. Finally, improvement of user experiences related to social interaction, self efficacy, competition, and reward is considered as the purpose of the mobile SNG contents. We surveyed university students in Gangwon, South Korea who have used mobile SNG. It took 3 weeks and 244 survey papers were used for analysis. The method for analysis was hierarchial regression analysis using SPSS 18.0. As a result, we found that the user experiences related to self efficacy, reward, competition, social interaction provided by SNG contents are all have positive influence on the user's intention of use and weighed the influence of each factors.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.4C
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• pp.163-174
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• 2009

Mechanical device using the load cell or strain gage sensor can be influenced by tempearute changes because temperature change can cause a shift in the load cell or straing gage output at zero loading. In this paper, micro cone penetrometers with 1~7mm in diameter, are developed by using an optical fiber sensor (FBG: Fiber Bragg Grating) to compensate the continous temperature change during cone penetration test. Note the temperature compensated method using optical fiber sensor which has hair-size in diameter, and is not affected by environmental conditions because the measured data is the wavelength shifting of the light instead of the intensity of the electric voltage. Temperature effect test shows that the output voltage of strain gage changes and increases with an increase in the temperature. A developed FBG cone penetrometer, however, achieves excellent temperature compensation during penetration, and produces continuous change of underground temperature. In addition, the temperature compensated FBG cone shows the excellent sensitivity and detects the interface of the layered soils with higher resolution. This study demonstrates that the fiber optic sensor renders the possibility of the ultra small size cone and the new fiber optic cone may produce more reliable temperature compensated tip resistance.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2020.06a
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• pp.71-71
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• 2020

최근 기후변화의 영향으로 극심한 가뭄과 홍수가 발생하고 기온 또한 꾸준히 상승하고 있으며, 이러한 변화에 대응하기 위해 전 세계에서 이산화탄소를 줄이고 국제 에너지 시장을 재구성하려는 시도가 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. World Energy Outlook(2012)에 따르면 특히 에너지 시장에서 개발도상국의 수력분야 개발투자가 2035년까지 15,490억 달러에 이를 것으로 전망됨에 따라 국내에서 해외 수력발전사업에 적극적으로 나서고 있다. 그러나 국내와는 달리 댐 건설의 사전조사에 필요한 자료가 없거나 구축하는데 문제가 있어 손쉽게 구할 수 있는 자료로 사전에 수력발전 댐 적지를 조사할 수 있는 기술의 개발이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 수력발전용 댐 위치 결정을 위한 예비 적지 분석 알고리즘을 개발하고, 분석 알고리즘에 위성영상자료인 30m 해상도의 ASTGTM(ASTER Global Digital Elevation Model)와 500m 해상도의 MCD12Q1(MODIS/Terra Aqua Land Cover) 토지피복자료를 사용하고자 한다. 예비 적지 분석 알고리즘은 DEM의 전처리, 하천망생성, 유역분할과 지형정보를 고려한 자동적지탐색과 댐 건설시 수몰면적에 따른 보상면적 산정 알고리즘을 포함하고 있으며 Python기반의 오픈소스 GIS로 구현되었다. 적지산정은 DEM으로부터 낙차, 도달시간, 내용적곡선과 같은 지형정보와 토지피복도를 통한 보상면적을 기반으로 순위를 매겨 사용자에게 최적의 위치들을 표출한다. 본 연구의 결과는 향후 해외 수력 댐 적지 예비분석 및 해외 수력산업 진출을 지원할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 건강소식
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• v.24 no.5 s.258
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• pp.36-38
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• 2000

정신건강은 복잡한 현대사회를 살아가는 필수적인 요건이다. 정신이 건강해야 신체건강은 물론이고 행복도 성공적인 인생도 보상된다 .아래의 10가지 수식은 정신과 전문의들이 추천하는 정신건강을 위한 권고사항들이다. 이를 꾸준히 지킨다면 건강한 정신생활을 도모할 수 있을것이다. 정신건강을 지키려는 작은 실천이 필요하다.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.41-79
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• 2011

This study examines the compensation scheme for the executives and risk-taking behavior in the Korean banks. Theoretically, shareholders prefer risky asset choice to the optimal one due to the limited liability feature of reward, and stock-based executive compensation may induce choices favorable to the shareholder. We empirically test this risk-taking hypothesis using Korean banks' data. Since only the stock option data is available under the current disclosure system, we limit our analysis to examine the relationship between the compensation through stock option and the risk of banks. The result provides no evidence that stock option compensations increase the risk of banks, which is contrary to the theoretical prediction and preceding studies in the US. This may be due to any factor that the executive reward data omit, or regulation effects on the bank management.