• Title/Summary/Keyword: 사질토양

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Geotechnical Characteristics of Crude Oil-Contaminated Sands (원유(Crude-Oil)로 오염된 사질토외 공학적 특성)

  • Eun Chul Shin;Seung Seo Hong
    • Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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    • v.2 no.1
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    • pp.91-97
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    • 1997
  • The result of an investigation conducted to study the effect of crude oil contamination on the geotechnical properties of sand is presented. The effect of the degree of oil contamination on compaction charateristics, shear strength, and one-dimensional compression charateristics has been investigated. The test results indicate that the compaction charateristics are somewhat influenced by oil contamination The angle friction of sand (based on total stress basis) decreases due to the presence of oil within the pore spaces in sand. The compression charateristics of sand are significantly influenced by oil contamination. The details of the tests conducted and the results are presented in the paper.

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The Effect of Boron on Rape with Application of Lime and Compost (유채에 대한 석회 및 퇴비시용과 붕소의 효과)

  • Park, Nae Joung;Lee, Kyu Ha;Park, Chon Suh
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.4 no.2
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    • pp.143-147
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    • 1971
  • Field experiments were carried out to determine the effect of B on rape with application of lime and compost in sandy upland soil and in clayey paddy soil. The plant samples from each treatment at flowering stage were analyzed to interpret the yield response. The effect of B was very significant in both soils, but more marked in sandy upland soil. The application of 20kg/ha borax appears to increase upto the possible level that can be achieved by B application. Application of 40kg/ha borax did not give any further additional response. In acidic paddy soil (pH 5.4), the effect of B was fully exhibited only with liming. Liming neither intensified the B deficiency nor reduced the B content in the plant tissue, but rather promoted the growth of rape plant. There was highly significant negative correlation between Ca/B ratio and seed yield ($r=-0.74^{**}$), but it was very difficult to draw a line between normal and deficient Ca/B ratio. It is very interesting that boron application significantly increased the Ca uptake in no lime treatment. Application of compost was generally inffective and did not affect the B supply to the plant. However, it appears to increase K uptake slightly and give a little favorable effect on growth of plant.

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Physico-Chemical Properties on the Management Groups of Paddy Soils in Korea (우리나라 논토양(土壤) 유형별(類型別) 이화학적(理化學的) 특성(特性))

  • Hur, Bong-Koo;Rim, Sang-Kyu;Kim, Yoo-Hak;Lee, Ke-Yup
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.30 no.1
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    • pp.62-66
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    • 1997
  • This study was designed to obtain the mean values of thirteen soil physico-chemical properties for different paddy soil management groups, and to serve the basic information for improving the soil using amendments. Computerized data on the results of detailed soil survey were used in this study. The clay contents in the B horizon of paddy soil management groups were 28.3% in the well adapted type, 11.8% in the sandy textured type, and 26.8% in the newly reclaimed type. Soil pH of B horizon in the paddy soil management groups except poorly drained type and acid sulfate type were higher than those of A horizon. In the river side paddy soils of well adapted type, the clay contents of A and B horizons were 16.8%, 23.1%, respectively, and soil organic matter contents of those horizons were 42g/kg, 18g/kg, respectively. And also available phosphate content of well adapted type was higher than the other types. Frequency of distribution of soil organic matter content levels in the B horizons of sandy textured type and newly reclaimed type were higher in the organic matter content range of below 10g/kg. And those of well adapted, poorly drained, and saline type were higher in the organic matter content range of 10~20g/kg. Correlation coefficients between 13 variables in the B horizon of well adapted type were all highly significant at 1% or 5% level, respectively.

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Effects of Application of Animal Feces to the Mulberry Field on the Chemical Properties and Mulberry Yield (가축 분뇨의 사용이 사질뽕밭의 화학성 및 수엽량에 미치는 영향)

  • Chu, Jae-Won;Kim, Nak-Sang;Yu, Geun-Seop
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.34 no.1
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    • pp.8-14
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    • 1992
  • To investigate the effects of applying animal feces to the mulberry field on the chemical properties and mulberry leaf yield, poultry, pig and cattle feces were applied to the mulberry field making-up the sand loam from 1988 to 1990. The chemical properties of the mulberry field have been improved by the application of the poultry, the pig, and the cattle feces, increasing pH level, organic matter, P2O5 and exchangeable cation, especially Mg and K. Applying the pig feces and poultry feces to the mulberry field increased leaf yield during autumn rearing season, but not increased during spring rearing season. Applying animal feces to the mulberry field increased the content of total-cargbohydrate in the leaf in autumn.

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Growth Response of Pinus rigida × P. taeda to Mycorrhizal Inoculation and Efficiency of Pisolithus tinctorius at Different Soil Texture and Fertility with Organic Amendment (리기테다 소나무의 균근(菌根) 접종(接種) 반응(反應)과 토양비옥도(土壤肥沃度)에 따른 모래밭 버섯의 효과(効果) 및 그 생태학적(生態學的) 의미(意味))

  • Lee, Kyung Joon
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.64 no.1
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    • pp.11-19
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    • 1984
  • Potted, germinating Pinus rigida ${\times}$ P. taeda seedlings were inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) ectomycorrhizal fungus to test the effectiveness of Pt in relation to organic amendment and changes in soil fertility and soil texture. Pt was cultured as mycelia in vermiculite-peat moss mixture with nutrients and added to sterilized pot soils with or without organic amendment (fully fermented compost) at three soil texture levels (sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam) in a factorial design. Plants were grown in a greenhouse for 4 months and harvested to compare their growth with non-mycorrhizal plants and plants infected by natural fungi. Regardless of sod texture, soil fertility, or organic amendment, seedlings inoculated with Pt were better in dry weight and height than non-mycorrhizal plants or those infected by natural fungi. An exception was observed in the most fertile soil (0.075% N and 1.32% organic matter content in sandy loam with organic amendment), where non-mycorrhizal plants were slightly bigger (8%) and heavier (18%) than Pt-inoculated plants. In over-all average, Pt-inoculated seedlings were 30% taller and 107% heavier than those infected by natural fungi and 31 % taller and 60% heavier than non-mycorrhizal plants. Growth stimulation of seedlings by Pt was more pronounced in less fertile sand soil when organic was not amended. Mycorrhizal frequency of Pt (% of mycorrhizal root tips) was reduced to about half (from 84 to 33% in sandy loam and from 77 to 40% in loamy sand) by organic amendment, while that of natural fungi was not significantly affected. Severe nitrogen deficiency was observed in the needles of non-mycorrhizal plants (1.38% N), while both Pt-inoculated plants (1.68% N) and those infected by natural fungi (1.89% N) did not develop symptom, suggesting an active role of mycorrhizae in absorption of soil nitrogen. Top to root ratio increased with organic amendment to non-mycorrhizal plants, but was not significantly affected by fungal treatment. It was concluded from this study that relative effectiveness of Pt was determined by soil fertility. Organic amendment to less fertile sand soil increased effectiveness of Pt, while the same amendment to more fertile loamy sand and sandy loam decreased effectiveness of Pt. Benefits of Pt mycorrhizae would be expected most either when organic was not added to the soil, or when soil nutrients were not abundant.

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Determination of Nitrogen Fertilizer Recommendation Rates Estimated by Soil-Testing for Different Types of Paddy Soils (토양검정에 의한 논토양 유형별 질소시비량 결정)

  • Moon, Young-Hun;Kwon, Young-Rip;Ahn, Byung-Koo;Lee, Jin-Ho;Choi, Dong-Chil
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.33-38
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    • 2010
  • To improve the existing nitrogen recommendation method based on chemical properties of soils and to establish new recommendation rates of nitrogen fertilizer due to different types of soils, the application rates of nitrogen fertilizer were examined in different soils of 12 experimental rice paddy fields. The application rates of nitrogen fertilizer estimated by soil-testing were higher than the rates of nitrogen standard recommendation that has been used. The application rates for minimum rice productivity ranged from a low of 168 kg/10a in sandy soil to a high of 315 kg/10a in saline soil. Amounts of nitrogen absorption in rice were proportional to the application amounts of nitrogen fertilizer in soils. Nitrogen use efficiency was the highest, 36.7%, in immatured paddy field and it was inversely proportional to the application amounts of nitrogen. the rice tasty value was the highest in the soils without nitrogen application, and also it was the lowest in the saline soils with or without nitrogen application. As comparing with the nitrogen application rates obtained by the existing nitrogen recommendation method, optimal nitrogen application rates estimated by the standardization of nitrogen application efficiency rate, environmental index, and rice quality were 1.0 fold in the well adapted soil and sandy soil fields, 0.92 fold in the immatured soil field, and 0.83 fold in the saline soil field.

Effect of Highly Water Absorbing Polymer(K-sorb) on Soil Water Retention (토양의 수분보유(水分保有)에 미치는 초흡수성 고분자중합체(高分子重合體)(K-sorb)의 효과)

  • Yoo, Sun-Ho;Kwun, Sun-Kuk;Ro, Hee-Myeong
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.23 no.3
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    • pp.173-179
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    • 1990
  • The effect of a highly water absorbing polyacrylate polymer, commonly called K-sorb, at rates of 0.0, 0.05, 0.2, and 0.5% by weight on the water retention properties of three soils, and the longevities of these treatment effects were evaluated. Water retentions were measured for all the treatments by use of a pressure-plate extractor in the laboratory. Available water and three-phase distributions at moisture tensions of 0.01, 0.3, and 15b were calculated from water retentivity data. A randomized block experiment of Chinese cabbages was conducted to examine the effects and the longevities of the treatments(0.0, 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2%) on water retention of Jungdong sandy loam soil in the field. Water retentions for a loamy sand, sandy loam, and loam soil, treated with 0.2 and 0.5% K-sorb, were increased. K-sorb treatments were more effective in sandy soil than in loamy soils. Water contents for the 0.5% treatment were markedly greater than those for the 0.2% treatment at earth moisture tension. K-sorb only at a rate of 0.5% remained effective in water retention of each soil through repeated drying and wetting for 12 months. Duncan's multiple range showed 0.2% treatment was effective(at the level of 0.05) after 2 months but not after 10 months under field condition.

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Comparisons of Inorganic Amounts in Paddy Field Soil, Rice Straw and Grain with Severity of Brown Spot Caused by Cochliobolus miyabeanus (벼 깨씨무늬병 발병정도에 따른 논토양, 벼알 및 볏짚에서의 무기성분 비교)

  • Yeh, Wan-Hae;Park, Yang-Ho;Kim, Lee-Yul;Taik, Jung-Soon;Nam, Young-Ju;Shim, Hong-Sik;Kim, Yong-Ki;Yeon, Byeong-Yeol
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.15 no.1
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    • pp.41-45
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    • 2009
  • In order to study a relationship between soil nutrients and rice brown spot occurrence, paddy field soils, rice grains and straws collected from different paddy fields with different disease degrees of brown spots were analyzed for inorganic nutrients. Brown spot was prevalent in the rice grown in nutrient-deficient soils, which is especially low in macronutrient elements (phosphoric acid, potassium, silicic acids) and micronurients (calcium, magnesium). The soil, however, was high in sodium while organic nutrients and pH level were similar to others. The rice straws with severe brown spot were low in inorganics such as ferrous, copper, T-N, and $P_{2}O_{5}$ while the rice grains with brown spot were low in ferrous, MgO, Zn, and Mn. In the analysis of field type and nitrogen level, the highest disease severity was found in sandy-type field soil, followed by salty-type field soil and disease severity decreased as application level of nitrogen fertilizer increased. As a summary, the most important factor for effective brown spot control in rice is maintenance of proper nutrients in sandy-type field and control of sodium level in salty-type field soil.

Application of Phytoremediation for Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus Removal from Treated Swine Wastewater and Bio-methane Potential of the Biomass (돈분뇨 처리수 유래 질소와 인 제거를 위한 식물정화법 활용과 바이오매스의 바이오메탄 잠재성 연구)

  • Sudiarto, Sartika Indah Amalia;Choi, Hong Lim;Renggaman, Anriansyah
    • Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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    • v.23 no.4
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    • pp.21-31
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    • 2015
  • The aim of this study is to determine the removal efficiency of total nitrogen and phosphorus from treated swine wastewater by Phragmites australis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus var Geode Uksae-1, and to determine its biomass total energy value and biomethane potential. Plants were grown with a bedding mixture either soil and sand or soil, sand, and bioceramic. Treeated swine wastewater with Total nitrogen (TN) and Total phosphorus (TP) of 222.78 mg/L and 66.11 mg/L, respectively, was utilized. The TN and TP removal is higher in the bio-ceramic-soil-sand bedding media treatment. The highest TN removal of 96.14% was performed by Miscanthus sacchariflorus var Geode Uksae-1, but the elemental analysis shows that Phragmites australis contains more nitrogen than Miscanthus sacchariflorus var Geode Uksae-1, indicating higher nitrogen uptake. The highest TP removal of 98.12% was performed by Phragmites australis. The cellulose content of the plant grown with the bioceramic-soil-sand bedding was approximately 3-6% higher than that of the plant grown in the soil-sand bedding. Different growing substrates may have an effect on the fiber content of plants. The biomethane potential of the produced biomass of the plants was between 57.01 and $99.25L-CH_4/kg$ VS. The lignin content is believed to inhibit the breakdown of plant biomass, resulting in the lowest methane production in the Phragmites australis grown in the soil-sand bedding media.

Characteristics and classification of paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains (김제만경평야(金堤萬頃平野)의 답토양특성(沓土壤特性)과 그 분류(分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Shin, Yong Hwa
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.1-38
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    • 1972
  • This study, designed to establish a classification system of paddy soils and suitability groups on productivity and management of paddy land based on soil characteristics, has been made for the paddy soils on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains. The morphological, physical and chemical properties of the 15 paddy soil series found on these plains are briefly as follows: Ten soil series (Baeggu, Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) have a B horizon (cambic B), two soil series (Geugrag and Hwadong) have a Bt horizon (argillic B), and three soil series (Gwanghwal, Hwagye and Sindab) have no B or Bt horizons. Uniquely, both the Bongnam and Gongdeog series contain a muck layer in the lower part of subsoil. Four soil series (Baeggu, Gongdeog, Gwanghwal and Sindab) generally are bluish gray and dark gray, and eight soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Gimje, Honam, Jeonbug, Jisan, Mangyeong and Suam) are either gray or grayish brown. Three soil series (Geugrag, Hwadong and Hwagye), however, are partially gleyed in the surface and subsurface, but have a yellowish brown to brown subsoil or substrata. Seven soil series (Bongnam, Buyong, Geugrag, Gimje, Gongdeog, Honam and Hwadong) are of fine clayey texture, three soil series (Baeggu, Jeonbug and Jisan) belong to fine loamy and fine silty, three soil series (Gwanghwal, Mangyeong and Suam) to coarse loamy and coarse silty, and two soil series (Hwagye and Sindab) to sandy and sandy skeletal texture classes. The carbon content of the surface soil ranges from 0.29 to 2.18 percent, mostly 1.0 to 2.0 percent. The total nitrogen content of the surface soil ranges from 0.03 to 0.25 percent, showing a tendency to decrease irregularly with depth. The C/N ratio in the surface soil ranges from 4.6 to 15.5, dominantly from 8 to 10. The C/N ratio in the subsoil and substrata, however, has a wide range from 3.0 to 20.25. The soil reaction ranges from 4.5 to 8.0. All soil series except the Gwanghwal and Mangyeong series belong to the acid reaction class. The cation exchange cpacity in the surface soil ranges from 5 to 13 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil, and in all the subsoil and substrata except those of a sandy texture, from 10 to 20 milliequivalents per 100 grams of soil. The base saturation of the soil series except Baeggu and Gongdeog is more than 60 percent. The active iron content of the surface soil ranges from 0.45 to 1.81 ppm, easily-reduceable manganese from 15 to 148 ppm, and available silica from 36 to 366 ppm. The iron and manganese are generally accumulated in a similar position (10 to 70cm. depth), and silica occurs in the same horizon with that of iron and manganese, or in the deeper horizons in the soil profile. The properties of each soil series extending from the sea shore towards the continental plains change with distance and they are related with distance (x) as follows: y(surface soil, clay content) = $$-0.2491x^2+6.0388x-1.1251$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, clay content) = $$-0.31646x^2+7.84818x-2.50008$$ y(surface soil, organic carbon content) = $$-0.0089x^2+0.2192x+0.1366$$ y(subsoil or subsurface soil, pH) = $$-0.0178x^2-0.04534x+8.3531$$ Soil profile development, soil color, depositional and organic layers, soil texture and soil reaction etc. are thought to be the major items that should be considered in a paddy soil classification. It was found that most of the soils belonging to the moderately well, somewhat poorly and poorly drained fine and medium textured soils and moderately deep fine textured soils over coarse materials, produce higher paddy yields in excess of 3,750 kg/ha. and most of the soils belonging to the coarse textured soils, well drained fine textured soils, moderately deep medium textured soils over coarse materials and saline soils, produce yields less than 3,750kg/ha. Soil texture of the profile, available soil depth, salinity and gleying of the surface and subsurface soils etc. seem to be the major factors determining rice yields, and these factors are considered when establishing suitability groups for paddy land. The great group, group, subgroup, family and series are proposed for the classification categories of paddy soils. The soil series is the basic category of the classification. The argillic horizon (Bt horizon) and cambic horizon (B horizon) are proposed as two diagnostic horizons of great group level for the determination of the morphological properties of soils in the classification. The specific soil characteristics considered in the group and subgroup levels are soil color of the profile (bluish gray, gray or yellowish brown), salinity (salic), depositonal (fluvic) and muck layers (mucky), and gleying of surface and subsurface soils (gleyic). The family levels are classified on the basis of soil reaction, soil texture and gravel content of the profile. The definitions are given on each classification category, diagnostic horizons and specific soil characteristics respectively. The soils on these plains are classified in eight subgroups and examined under the existing classification system. Further, the suitability group, can be divided into two major categories, suitability class and subclass. The soils within a suitability class are similar in potential productivity and limitation on use and management. Class 1 through 4 are distinguished from each other by combination of soil characteristics. Subclasses are divided from classes that have the same kind of dominant limitations such as slope(e), wettness(w), sandy(s), gravels(g), salinity(t) and non-gleying of the surface and subsurface soils(n). The above suitability classes and subclasses are examined, and the definitions are given. Seven subclasses are found on these plains for paddy soils. The classification and suitability group of 15 paddy soil series on the Gimje-Mangyeong plains may now be tabulated as follows.

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