• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.10
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• pp.1-25
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• 1969

Since widely use of anthracite for the radiating purpose in a rearing room in Korea, the weakness of silkworm, poor uniformity of the worm growth, the increase of missing worm ratio, unusual cocoon assorting ratio, and the decrease of cocoon layer ratio have been realized by the author, therefore, he has started out to search the mechanism of these evil influences regarding with various gas densities and terms of the gas treatment which will be supposed to be a warning for temperature control during the silkworm reading work. Among the anthracite gas components, CO or SO$_2$ influence and their complexed harm effect were investigated through the use of anthracite gas, CO and SO$_2$ gas. Meantime, each treatment was applied, separately, during the worm egg stage, young instar, adult instar and whole instar, because the harm intensity for any improperable rearing condition is flexible by the growing stages. Meantime, the gas density and term variation were applied for the above each treatment such as in case of anthracite and CO gas, the following treat methods were used. 1) 0.06% for 30 mins. 2) 0.06% for 1 hour. 3) 0.1% for 1 hour. 4) 0.15% for 1 hour. on the other hand, SO$_2$ gas was used as 1) 120ppm for 30 mins. 2) 200ppm for 30 mins. 3) 400ppm for 30 mins. The measurement of gas density was proceeded by using CO tester (Carbon Monoxide Indicator) and SO$_2$ tester (Indicator Sampler Cgf) which could keep any specific density before each treatment.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.185-189
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• 2007

Animals must be inspected prior to and after slaughter to make certain they are free of diseases and unacceptable defects. Since meats are potentially hazardous foods, they should not be accept if there are any signs of contamination, temperature abuse, or spoilage. This survey was aimed to monitor the current situation of country-of-origin labels and sanitation for the meat markets in Seoul, Korea. The markets were divided into groups as to 25 territories in Seoul and the size of markets (large size, medium size, and small size). In terms of size distribution, small butcher shops occupied the highest percentage. On the itemized suitability test of unpacked and packed beer in Seoul, most butcher shops showed good evaluation. However, labels indicating the grade, storage and cooking instruction for unpacked beef were not properly posted on the products. The results of monitoring sanitation conditions for butcher shops in Seoul showed relatively low suitability. Especially, there were serious lack of knowledge about wearing the sanitation clothings, caps, and shoes. The problem with food safety is so complicated that producers, consumers, merchandisers, the press, the government and the scholar should try to solve the problems altogether. Also, it is important to educate and provide them with correct understanding and information for food hygiene and safety.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.421-431
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• 2000

Background : The length of postoperative drug therapy remains controversial in pulmonary tuberculosis. We analyzed our experiences to determine the postoperative duration of chemotherapy after resection. Method : A retrospective review was performed in 66 of 95 patients that underwent pulmonary resection for pulmonary tuberculosis between January 1993 and December 1998. We compared the relapse rates according to the length of postoperative chemotherapy in each group, classified by the results of sputum AFB culture before the surgery, the number of resistant drugs, the number of prior treatment and the division of anti-TB drugs used postoperatively. Results : Fifty three of 66(80.3%) were men and 13(19.7%) were women with a median age of 33.5 years(range, 16 to 63). The mean lengths of the pre- and post-operative chemotherapies were 4.9 months, and 12.9 months respectively. Five of 66 patients (7.6%) relapsed during the mean period of follow up (39.7 months). In the group less than three times of the prior treatment, there were two relapses (20%) in Ed-the highlight above-rephrase 10 patients that were medicated for 6 months or less, and one relapse in 43 patients (2.3%) that took medicine for more than 6 months (p=0.03). In the group using second-line drugs postoperatively, there was one relapse (25%) in four patients that were medicated for 12 months or less. No patient in a total of 17 that received medicine for more than 12 months relapsed (p=0.03). Conclusion : We recommend that patients with the prior treatment less than three times should be treated for more than 6 months after resection and patients using the second-line drugs postoperatively should be medicated for more than 12 months.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2009

Background: The quality of care for patients with community acquired pneumonia needs to be improved; the factors affecting this care need to be analyzed. The objectives of this study were used to measure the performance of care processes of for patients with pneumonia and to determine those patient and hospital characteristics are associated with quality care. Methods: The analysis was performed using data from 21 hospitals that had over 500 beds for 1,001 patients, who were sampled randomly. All patients were born before 31 December 1989, and discharged between the two months' August 2006 and October 2006. Performance process indicators were measured by respective hospital, and multivariate logistic regression was used to calculate associations between patients and hospital characteristics using 4 process indicators. Results: Performance rates in timely assessment of oxygenation assessments and blood cultures, correct administration of antibiotic medications, and blood culture performed prior to initial antibiotics were 69.4%, 79.1%, 82.5% and 60.5%, respectively. Age had a positive affect on oxygenation assessment within 24 hours. Bed number, number of nurses per bed, annual number of emergency department visits, average percentage of beds filled, location and arrival time, and site were factors associated with process indicators. Conclusion: It is necessary to make up for the weak points in the process of care for patients with community acquired pneumonia, by enforcing quality assurance. To reduce performance rate variation among hospitals, improvement in care protocols is required for hospitals that have poor quality of care levels.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.25-39
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• 2017

The role of traditional universities has been emphasized as a career path to advance into society. Recently, it has become a new paradigm of university education by emphasizing entrepreneurship as a career aspect. While entrepreneurship education is constantly expanding for college students, relatively few young people choose to start their own business. Despite the fact that the government is continuing to expand the university's entrepreneurship education, there are very few achievements that lead to actual entrepreneurship and student start-up There is still a lack of research on ways to cultivate creative talents and increase practical entrepreneurial intention. The results of this study are as follows: First, the effects of creativity competency education on self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention were analyzed. The effect of self-efficacy on the entrepreneurial intention. Finally This study examined the effects of social support (parent support) between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention. This study used 393 samples in August 2016 for university students who received entrepreneurship education. The results showed that the ability of communicative communication and creative problem solving had a positive effect on self-efficacy. On the other hand, innovative work behavior abilities did not directly affect self-efficacy. In addition, creative problem solving ability and innovative work behavior ability had a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, the ability to communicate in a collaborative manner has no direct effect on the entrepreneurial intention. In addition, self-efficacy has a positive effect on the entrepreneurial intention. Finally, the adjustment effect of social support (parent support) between self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention has no effect. The implications of this study are empirically verified the effectiveness of creativity capacity through entrepreneurship education and the result of meaningful research that the social support through cooperation of parents is indispensable in order to increase the actual starting will of college students. Therefore, universities need to establish entrepreneurship education programs for their parents in order to increase the willingness of college students to start-up. This study can be used as a meaningful basic data for establishing policy for student start - up and suggesting the right direction of entrepreneurship education.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.7
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• pp.790-795
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• 2006

Purpose : This study was performed to compare the therapeutic effects according to duration of medium-dose aspirin(50-60 mg/kg/day) therapy at the acute stage of Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Total 87 patients with KD were enrolled in this study. We performed retrospective analysis of clinical characteristics and echocardiographic findings based on medical records. Patient were randomly divided into 2 groups according to the duration of aspirin therapy at the acute stage of KD. Long-term group(LG, n=55) was administered medium-dose aspirin for 2 weeks after diagnosis of KD, and short-term group(SG, n=32) for 48 hours after intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) administration. The parameters of therapeutic effects were duration of fever after IVIG administration, incidence of unresponsive patients to single administration of IVIG, and development of transient dilatation or aneurysm of coronary arteries. Results : There was no significant difference in the duration of fever after IVIG between the both group(LG $1.7{\pm}1.1$ days, SG $1.8{\pm}1.1$ days; P=0.588). The incidences of unresponsive patient to the single administration of IVIG were 5.5 percent, 6.3 percent in the each group. Transient dilatation of coronary arteries occurred at 18.2 percent(10/55) in the LG, and 15.6 percent(5/32) in the SG(P=0.761). Prevalence of coronary aneurysm after subacute stage were 7.3 percent(4/55) in the LG, and 9.4 percent(3/32) in the SG(P=0.728). Conclusion : There was no significant difference in the therapeutic effects between long-term(2 weeks) and short-term(48 hours) administration of medium-dose aspirin at the acute stage of KD.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.404-414
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of air pollution using epiphytic lichens on forest trees around Ulsan and Onsan industrial complex from April to June, 1997. The distribution of lichens was investigated at 58 sampled sites. In this study, 16 kinds of epiphytic lichens were recorded, of them, Lepraria sp. having a tolerance to air pollution showed the highest frequency as 30.85%, and in order of Lecanora strobilina(26.18%) and Parmelia austrosinensis(13.42%) unknown to tolerance of air pollution. The number of lichens was gradually decreased around industrial complex, where so - called "lichen desert" was detected. As being distant from the industrial complex, the mean degrees of cover were increased. The degrees of cover in the investigated sites ranged from I to V. According to $SO_2$ concentration limiting lichen's growth, the pattern of distribution of Cladonia sp., Dirinaria applanata, Parmelia austrosinensis, Lepraia sp. and Lecanora strobilina were dissimilar by sensitivity to air pollution Especially Lepraria sp. and Lecanora strobilina were widely distributed to degree of cover from I to V, and as the both had a similar distribution pattern, it could be inferred that Lecanora strobilina had also a tolerance to air pollution. The IAP values ranging from 0 to 64.3 were arranged into six groups and the investigated area was delineated into six IAP zones to represent degree of air environment. It was a high IAP value as being distant from industrial complex. The mare IAP increased, the more number of kinds of lichens increased. It was confirmed that the number of species, coverage and IAP value of epiphytic lichens showed a tendency to decrease of urban area and industrial complex.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.4
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• pp.354-365
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• 1993

The purpose of this investigation is to point out the physical fixation and stability of banking slopes of forest roads by invasion of trees. We investigated the situations of sediment discharge and coverage of invaded trees at banking slopes of forest roads. The coverage of invaded trees were calculated from crown injection based on the stable slope and was compared with length of slope, slope gradient, and passage years after construction of forest road. 1. We investigated on the sediment discharge and the invasion of trees at banking slopes, which were actually observed 8 forest roads of Kyonggi-Do and Kangwon-Do. 2. There was no physical stability of the banking slope due to the surface erosion and slope failure, but the tree invasions were active at the stable plots. 3. The length of slope was constructed to 4.0m to 61.0m and recent forest road was mainly constructed to the slopes longer than 30m. There was strong regional effect between the length of slope and the coverage of invaded trees and the above two factors were inversely proportional to each other. 4. There was no significant relationship between the slope gradient and the coverage of invaded trees and the slope constructed within the angle of repose showed the relatively high coverage of invaded trees. 5. There was no significant relationship between the passage years and the coverage of invaded trees in the same investigative region after the construction of forest road. But there was a gradually increasing relationship of tree invasion between above two factors. However, there was some limitation to expect the invasion of the tree species. 6. In the light of the above results, we suggest that the construction of forest road may need foundation work and vegetation work simultaneously for the physical stability to make the environment of tree plantation and that the reasonable increase of construction cost of forest road may be prior to the other factors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.154-167
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• 2014

The results of this study conducted to identify the substance, regional characteristics or landscaping of Namwon Yonghogugok, which is the only valley of Jiri Mountain, based on Kim Samun's 'Yonghokugok-Gyeongseungannae(龍湖九曲景勝案內)', 'Yongseongji(龍城誌)' and position, meaning of letters carved and projection technique by ArcGIS10.0 on the rocks are as below. The feature landscapes of the canyon of Yonghogugok, which is an incised meander and one of the Eight beautiful scenery of Namwon, ponds, cliffs and rocks generated with metamorphic rocks and granites weathered by rapids torrents. As a result of measuring the GPS coordinates of the letters carved on the rocks, excluding the 3 Gok Hakseoam and the distances based on the origin and destination of the letters carved on the rocks using the API(Application Programming Interface) function of Daum map, the total distance of Yonghogugok was 3.5km and the average distance between the each Gok was 436.5m. It is assumed that Yonghogugok was designated by Sarim(士林) of the Kiho School(畿湖學派) related to Wondong Hyangyak(元洞鄕約) which is the main agent of Yonghojeongsa(龍湖精舍), the forerunner of Yonghoseowon(龍湖書院), between the late Joseon Dynasty and the early Japanese colonial era, in 1927. Its grounds are the existence of Yonghoyeongdang mentioned on 'Yonghojeongsilgi'(龍湖亭實記), records of 'Haeunyugo(荷隱遺稿)', 'Yonghopumje(龍湖品題)' of Bulshindang(佛神堂), 'Yonghojeongsadonggu Gapjachun(龍湖精舍洞口 甲子春)' letters carved on the rocks and 'Yonghogugok-Shipyeong(龍湖九曲十詠)' posted on Mokgandang of Yonghoseowon. Comprehensively considering the numerous poetry society lists carved on the stone wall of Punghodae(風乎臺), the Sixth Gok Yuseondae, its stone mortar, 'Bangjangjeildongcheon(方丈第一洞天)' of Bulshindang and Gyoryongdam(交龍潭), the Yonghoseokmun(龍湖石門) letters carved on the rocks, Yeogungseok adjacent to the First Gok and Fengshui facilities, centered on Yonghoseowon and Yonghojeong, Yonghogugok can be understood as a unique valley culture formed with the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Fengshui. 'Yonghogugok-Gyeongseungannae' provides very useful information to understand the place name, called by locals and landscaping aspects of Yonghogugok in the late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the meaning of "Nine dragons" and even though 12 chu(湫: pond) of Yonghogugok Yongchudong including Bulyeongchu, Guryongchu, Isuchu, Goieumchu and Daeyachu are mentioned on Yongseongji, a part of them cannot be confirmed now. Various place names and facilities relevant to Guryong adjacent to Yonghogugok are the core of the place identity. In addition, the accurate location identification and the delivery of the landscaping significance of the 12 ponds is expected to provide landscaping attractiveness of Yonghogugok and become very useful contents for landscaping storytelling and a keyword of storyboard.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.153-168
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• 2000

An estuarine marsh is semi -inclosed inlets, located between coastal and terrestrial environment. The sediment transport by river and tide through tidal river and vertical accretion by sediment accumulation are important processes in estuarine marsh. An analysis of the vertical accretion rate at various time scale is important work for understanding and managing coastal environments. The purpose of this study is to determin the spatial characteristics of vertical accretion rate in an estuarine marsh, Sunchon Bay, in the southern coastal region of Korean peninsula. The methods of analysis are sedimentation rate by individual tidal cycle, annual accretion rate, concentration of total suspended load in water column. Spatial characteristics of sedimentation rate by individual tidal cycle was investigated using 30 filter paper traps. Sedimentation rate by individual tidal cycle at levee edge was higher than that at back marsh. The sedimentation rate decreased with distance from estuarine front. Levee effect and proximity to the turbidity maximum zone result in a higher sedimentation rate in the levee edge. There is a weak relation-ships between tidal regime and sedimentation rate by individual tidal cycle. Spatial cahracteristics of annual accretion rate was investigared using 30 artificial marker plots. Annual accretion rate at back marsh($1.5{\sim}3.5cm/yr$) was higher than that at tidal river levee edge($0.8{\sim}3.0cm/yr$). Total suspended load (TSL) concentrations in water column also indicate this spatial characteristics of annual accretion rate. TSL concentration in water column leaving the vegetation part dramatically decreased. There is a very strong relationship between the concentration of suspended load and accretion rate. These results indicate that annual accretion rate is controlled by vegetation cover and proximity to the turbidity maximum zone. This difference of spatial characteristics of vertical accretion rate ar various time-scale was due to the fact that surface sediment of levee edge was eroded by tide and other factors. The major findings are as follows. First, the spatial characteristics of vertical accretion rate are different from various time-scale. Second, the major mechanism for the vertical accretion rate in this region is suspended load trapping by vegetation. Third, this region is primarily a depositional regime over the time-scale of the present data Fourth, this estuarine marsh is accreting at rates beyond other area.