• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.237-243
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• 1998

To understand the tissue specific expression pattern of S RNase genes associated with self-incompatibility in L. peruvianum, two promoter regions of $S_{11}$ and $S_{12}$ RNase genes were compared. Homologous sequences between two S RNase gene promoters were found within 300 bp upstream of transcription start site. Moreover short direct repeat sequences within $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter existed in the vicinity of 350-500 bp upstream of transcription start site. To identify whether the unique promoter sequences of $S_{11}$ RNase gene confer the tissue specific expression, six deletion fragments for $S_{11}$ genomic gene promoter constructed by PCR were fused to $\beta$-glucuronidase gene, and introduced into various tissues of L. peruvianum by microprojectile bombardment. Transient expression assays indicated that $S_{11}$ RNase gene promoter contained the positive and negative regulatory sequences, which can control the floral tissue-specific expression in L. peruvianum.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2020

In this paper, we analyzed curriculum materials on inequalities as regions. Constructs such as mathematical connections and curriculum articulation were used as a framework. As for articulation, our findings indicate the topic of inequalities as regions addresses meaningful subordinate mathematical thinking and skills that serve prerequisite to calculus. Regarding connections, mathematical concepts involving inequalities extend to multivariate calculus. One implication is, as an unintended consequence of curricular decision of 2015 Revised National Curriculum to teach the topic only in mathematical economics, students who plan to study STEM subjects in college but opt out of mathematics economics in high school may miss the key concept and naturally struggle to understand calculus especially the theory of multivariate function of calculus.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.228-233
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• 2008

Ultraviolet sterilizers (UVS) are widely used in restaurants, cafeterias and catering businesses in Korea. The proper application of UVS, however, is still questionable since no studies have clearly identified their efficacy and safety, while regulations and regulatory management systems are yet to be established. In the present study, the efficacy of UVS were investigated by measuring spatial UV intensity inside five commercially operated UVS. The operating safety parameters were also checked by measuring leaked UV intensity. The UV intensities were inversely proportional to distance from the UV lamp within 25 cm, and to the square of the distance exceeding 25 cm. The UV intensities in commercial UVS varied with the distance from UV lamp and the incident angle, highlighting efficacy and stability concerns. Notable leakage was detected through the door gaps of a studied UVS, which also brought about safety concerns. Allowable working distances for the UV leaking UVS were suggested based on international standards.

• Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.438-450
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• 2006

Geographic routing protocols are very attractive choice for routing in wireless sensor networks because they have been shown to scale better than other alternatives. Under certain ideal conditions, geographic routing works correctly and efficiently. The most commonly used geographic routing protocols include greedy forwarding coupled with face routing. Existing face routing algorithms use planarization techniques that rely on the unit-graph assumption. In real world, many conditions violate the unit-graph assumption of network connectivity, such as location errors, communication voids and radio irregularity, cause failure in planarization and consequently face routing. In this paper, we propose the direction-based geographic routing, which enables energy efficient routing under realistic conditions without planarization techniques. Our proposed approach is for the case in which many sensors need to collect data and send it to a central node. Simulation results show that the protocol exhibits superior performances in terms of energy consumption, delivery success rate, and outperforms the compared protocols.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.109-129
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• 2008

This study was prepared for the purpose of suggesting the reasonable method of library management by reflecting it to the library acquisition and collection development through the user survey and analysis of an academic library. The 97,164 circulation records of C-academic library which were occurred between March 2006 and February 2007 were used, and sixteen subjects by five user groups ((1)undergraduate, (2)graduate students, (3)faculties(professors), (4)staffs, and (5)the other users) were surveyed for the study. The subject and the number of publication lapse year were categorized in this study. The non-parametric method and correlation coefficient were used for the analysis of subject part after the use factor and the number of publication lapse year were crossed by their status. Also, the same methods by use factor were used for the analysis of the number of year part.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.300-308
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• 2009

This article analyzed the crisis and emergency management research trend in the field of public administration in Korea from 1987 to 2007. The research purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate the state of art in the crisis and emergency management research trend and explore research topics and methodology for future studies. According to empirical analysis, the main research results are as follows. First, almost all research papers over 80% have been written after 1998 and, especially, 67.6% of all papers have been published from 2003-2007. Second, recently lots of scholars are more interested in the problem solving prescriptive topics than normative and theory orientation. Third, in the Korean public administration, 74.6% of research papers which dealt with crisis, have investigated the disaster crisis including natural and man-made disasters, among conventional security crisis, disaster crisis, critical infrastructure crisis, and living safety crisis. Finally, so far, crisis and emergency management research trend in Korean public administration have consisted mainly of the papers with more descriptive approach and literature survey than empirical approach and survey research.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.5-14
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• 2009

This study explores the relationships among franchisor's leadership style, franchisee's revenue, and commitment The main purpose of this study is when the causal relationship between leadership style and revenue to determine the mediating effect of commitment and when causal relationship between leadership style and commitment to determine the moderating effect of motivation. The results of the study show that franchisor's leadership styles are significantly related to franchisee's revenue. Although all leadership styles exhibit significant relationships with franchisee's revenue, only achievement oriented leadership style plays a significant role in the formation of franchisee's revenue. The level of franchisee's intrinsic motivation is significantly moderated between franchisor's supportive leadership style and commitment. It is also revealed that commitment exhibit complete or partial mediation effect in the relationships between franchisor's all leadership style and franchisee's revenue. Implications and future research directions are also discussed.

• Annual Conference of KIPS
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.835-841
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• 2000

호스트와 타겟 간의 통신 부담과 타겟 자원이 제한적이라는 문제를 해결하기 위해서, 호스트 중심 원격 개발 환경(Remote Development Environment: RDE)을 구성하였다. 이 원격 개발 환경은 여러 개발 도구로 구성되어 있는데, 이들 도구가 타겟시스템에 접속하여 내장형 응용를 개발하는데 있어서 공통 기능, 공통 데이터가 존재한다. 그런데 이들을 각각 유지시키는 것은 타겟시스템에 부담을 줄 뿐만 아니라, 개발 도구를 추가/구현하는 것도 매우 어렵게 한다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 원격 개발 도구들의 공통 요소들을 모아 도구와 타겟시스템 사이에 중개자 역할을 하는 타겟관리자를 둔다. 타겟관리자는 미들웨어로서 호스트와 타겟 간의 통신 채널을 하나로 유지하면서 도구와 타겟 간의 통신을 중재하고, 도구들이 심볼 테이블을 공유할 수 있도록 심볼 테이블을 관리한다. 또한, 타겟에 있는 도구 전용 메모리를 관리하며, 호스트 상에서 개발한 내장형 소프트웨어를 타겟에 로딩하는 일을 처리한다. 이러한 타겟관리자를 사용하는 원격 개발 환경은 도구들에게 공통 인터페이스를 제공하여, 통신 방식 등의 하부 구조에 상관없이 서비스를 받을 수 있고, 새로운 도구를 추가하는 것도 용이하게 할 수 있다는 장점을 갖게 된다. 본 논문에서는 ETRI 에서 개발 중인 실시간 운영 체제인 Q+용 타겟관리자를 설계하고 구현한다. 또한, 타겟관리자가 동작하게 될 내장형 실시간 응용 개발 환경에 대하여 소개하고, 구현 결과를 도구들과 연계하여 보여주며, 타겟 관리자를 둔 원격 개발 환경이 타겟 관리자를 두지 않은 경우에 비해 호스트와 타겟 간의 통신 횟수가 얼마나 감소하는지 시험 결과를 통해 보여준다. 현재 타겟 관리자의 프로토타입을 개발하여 도구들과 통합 시험을 하였는데 기본 기능들이 성공적으로 수행됨을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.158-161
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• 2010

In the paper, the researcher has proposed to install a relay between Base Station (BS) and Mobile Station (MS) to improve receiving performance of the downlink transmission method of Long Term Evolution (LTE) system whose standards now being established by 3GPP. By setting the distance between the location of BS and the relay installed as by 500m, 1000m, and selecting OFDMA and SC-FDMA as transmission method, the researcher conducted a study to improve the receiving performance of LTE. The results from study revealed that when the location of Relay Station (RS) was closer to BS, it was better to use OFDMA at BS, and SC-FDMA at RS. On the contrary, when the distance between BS and RS was farther, it was better to use SC-FDMA at BS, and OFDMA at RS. In addition, around the center zone between the location of BS and of MS, the researcher was able to improve the receiving performance of the system by utilizing the transmission method suitable for the situation in that area.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.2179-2184
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• 2007

The Intelligent Space(ISpace) provides challenging research fields for surveillance, human-computer interfacing, networked camera conferencing, industrial monitoring or service and training applications. ISpace is the space where many intelligent devices, such as computers and sensors, are distributed. According to the cooperation of many intelligent devices, the environment, it is very important that the system knows the location information to offer the useful services. In order to achieve these goals, we present a method for representing, tracking and human following by fusing distributed multiple vision systems in ISpace, with application to pedestrian tracking in a crowd. This paper described appearance based unknown object tracking with the distributed vision system in intelligent space. First, we discuss how object color information is obtained and how the color appearance based model is constructed from this data. Then, we discuss the global color model based on the local color information. The process of learning within global model and the experimental results are also presented.