• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.46 no.7
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• pp.707-717
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• 2013

Channel-bed of erosion and sedimentation, where eroded bed and bank materials re-deposit through the action of flow, is a natural phenomenon in alluvial systems. Analysis using a numerical model is important to understand the sediment transport mechanism associated with erosion and sedimentation near weirs and other hydraulic structures within riverine systems. The local riverbed change near a hydraulic structure (Changnyong-Haman multi-function weir in Nakdong river) has been analyzed in order to examine the effect of hydraulic structure on local bed change. A 2D numerical model (CCHE-2D) has been implemented to simulate the sedimentation and erosion over a reach (10 km) including the weir. For the calibration and verification of the model, the rainfall data from a real event (Typoon 'Maemi' in 2003) has been used for flow and stage simulation. And the simulated results show a good agreement with the observed data for whole domain. From the result, it was found that the installation and operation of weir can aggravate the local bed change caused from the flow field change and resulting redistribution of sediment.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.49-64
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• 2009

Rainfall-runoff models are used for efficient management, distribution, planning, and design of water resources in accordance with the process of hydrologic cycle. The models simplify the transition of rainfall to runoff as rainfall through different processes including evaporation, transpiration, interception, and infiltration. As the models simplify complex physical processes, gaps between the models and actual rainfall events exist. For more accurate simulation, appropriate models that suit analysis goals are selected and reliable long-term hydrological data are collected. However, uncertainty is inherent in models. It is therefore necessary to evaluate reliability of simulation results from models. A number of studies have evaluated uncertainty ingrained in rainfall-runoff models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method proposed by Montanari and Brath(2004) was used to assess uncertainty of simulation outputs from rainfall-runoff models. The model, which estimates upper and lower bounds of the confidence interval from probabilistic distribution of a model's error, can quantify global uncertainty of hydrological models. In this paper, Meta-Gaussian method was applied to analyze uncertainty of simulated runoff outputs from $Vflo^{TM}$, a physically-based distribution model and HEC-HMS model, a conceptual lumped model.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.564-564
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• 2012

유역내에서 발생한 고탁수는 저수지로 유입됨으로써 용수 공급에 지장을 초래하고, 수환경 악화 및 하류지역의 정수비용 부담을 가중시키는 등 사회, 경제적으로 여러 가지 문제를 일으키고 있다. 우리나라 대부분의 다목적댐은 홍수기에 탁수로 인하여 다양한 문제를 겪고 있다. 탁수문제는 수중생태계를 파괴하고, 상수원을 오염시키며, 물이 가지는 관광자원으로서의 가치를 심각하게 훼손시키는 등 심각한 문제를 야기 시키고 있다. 특히, 최근에는 잦은 이상 집중강우 현상 때문에 탁수의 장기화 문제가 대두되면서 중요한 사회문제로 떠오르고 있다. 수자원의 효율적 이용을 극대화하기 위한 댐의 연결사업은 탁수의 인위적인 외곡이 발생하기 때문에 적절한 조절을 통해 그 영향을 최소화할 필요가 있다. 댐에서 물의 밀도는 온도, 염도 및 탁도 등의 변화로 인하여 일정하지 않고 시간과 공간에 따라 변화하며, 일반적으로 혼합되지 않고 밀도와 두께가 다른 층에 분리되어 존재한다. 여름철 집중 강우 시 유입되는 고탁수층은 저수지의 밀도성층으로 인하여 표수층 하부에 위치하며, 이를 적기에 배제하지 않을 경우에는 수평방향의 확산현상과 연직방향의 전도현상으로 인해 저수지 전역에 분포하게 되어, 탁수현상의 장기화를 유발한다. 본 연구에서는 EFDC의 댐의 수리 및 수질예측모형을 이용해 여름철 집중강우시 유입되는 고탁수의 도달시간과 탁수량 등을 예측 평가하였다. 댐의 취수탑이 설치되는 위치는 댐의 상류측으로 일반적인 댐 주변의 온도 및 탁수거동과는 다르기 때문에 이 부분을 반영하여 평가하여야 한다. 본 연구에서는 EFDC의 댐 수리 및 수질예측모형을 이용하여 여름철 댐으로 유입되는 탁수거동을 평가하고, 댐 연결터널로 유입되는 취수탑 앞의 탁수농도를 예측하여 적절한 선택취수를 통해 댐 연결로 인한 고탁수의 댐간 이동을 최소화하기 위한 취수설비 운영방안을 제시하였다. 총 6개의 홍수사상('99년 홍수, '02년 루사, '03년 매미, '06년 에위니아, '09년 홍수 등)을 선정하여, 홍수사상에 대한 시단위의 유입량자료를 이용하여 양 댐간 연결로 인한 탁수거동을 분석하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.380-380
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• 2021

수위관측소에서는 일반적으로 실시간 수위관측을 통해 연속된 수위자료가 계측이 되고 있는 반면, 하천의 유량은 실시간 측정이 어렵기 때문에 목적에 따라 시기 또는 수위별로 측정을 실시하고 있다. 이를 통해 확보한 유량자료를 이용하여 수위-유량관계곡선(Stage-Discharge relationship)을 개발하고, 이 곡선을 이용하여 연속적인 유량자료를 제시하고 있다. 자연하천의 경우 하도의 인공적 및 자연적 변화에 따라 수위-유량관계가 변화하게 된다. 특히 합류부에 위치한 관측소는 일반적인 단일 하천에서의 수위-유량관계와 다르게 배수(Backwater)가 발생한다. 이는 등류수위의 경사보다 완경사가 발생하고 단순 수위-유량 일대일 관계를 나타내는데 어려움이 있다. 따라서 수위-유량관계곡선을 이용한 유량환산에 있어 배수 발생기간은 왜곡된 유량자료를 생산하거나 유량환산 불가기간이 발생하는 문제점이 있다. 미호천의 지류인 한천에 위치한 진천군(인산리) 관측소는 하류 약 500m에서 미호천 본류와 합류하고 있다. 또한 합류점을 기준으로 본류인 미호천 상류 약 3km에 진천군(가산교) 관측소, 하류 약 2km에 진천군(오갑교) 관측소가 위치하고 있다. 따라서 호우사상의 크기에 따라 본류 배수영향으로 진천군(인산리) 관측소 중고수위에서 수위-유량관계곡선으로 산정된 유량의 크기가 과대 산정되어 진천군(가산교)와 합산한 유량이 진천군(오갑교) 관측소 유량과 상하류 역전이 발생한다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 합류부 보조수위계 설치를 통해 배수영향을 검토 할 계획이었으나 2020년 큰 호우사상으로 보조수위계가 유실되어 본류에 위치한 진천군(가산교)와 진천군(오갑교) 관측소의 연속적인 수위, 유량, 유속 등 수리학적 인자를 이용하여 에너지 방정식으로부터 합류부 수위를 산정하고 지류인 한천의 배수영향 검토를 통해 진천군(인산리) 관측소의 배수 발생기간을 검토하였다. 따라서 수위-유량관계곡선을 이용한 유량환산에 있어서 배수에 의한 왜곡된 유량 자료를 제외하였으나 배수에 의한 유량환산 불가기간은 추후 해결해야 할 과제로 남는다.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.27
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• pp.135-169
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• 2016

While examining the religious ideas implied by Jeungsan's Great Works of the Reordering of Universe, we find special ideas which cannot be found in any other religions, and these ideas are presented in diverse ways. Most of all, the representative idea is that of human nobility; a distinctive idea which makes Daesoonjinrihoe different from other religions. Thus, this research focuses on the following questions: when was Human Nobility concretely realized? What kind of organic relationship does human nobility have between the divine world and the world of humanity? In light of the forthcoming Era of Human Nobility, what are some concrete images which can be drawn from the interaction between the realms of heaven and humanity wherein preordinations are plotted in heaven and then carried out by humankind? Prior to formulating my own sense of the subject matter, I consulted 43 previous discussions and dissertations and arranged them chronologically so as to examine their correlation. From these sources and my own insights, I was able to gain a sense of the starting point of the era of human nobility and its tenor. I have found the following problems in previous research on the uniqueness and distinctness of human nobility: ①The conceptual undertones of human nobility have not been adequately gleaned. ②There do not seem to be any dissertations which examine the way in which human nobility is connected with the doctrines of the creative conjunction between yin and yang, the harmonious union of divine beings and human beings, and the resolution of grievances for mutual beneficence. ③In most dissertations, not only is the starting point of the Era of Human Nobility regarded as concurrent with the start of the 50,000 years of earthly paradise in the Later World, but also the point of division between the former world and the later world is widely disputed. ④In-depth and fully realized studies dealing with the subject of human nobility are not easily found. ⑤There is little sense of progression in the research on human nobility because scholars are not sufficiently engage with one another to achieve common consensus. Therefore, in this dissertation, I have provided answers to the problems I discovered in previous research. I have developed my own tenor as follows: ①By giving priority to the Jeongyeong, I have closely investigated the period which divides the Former World and the Later World. Then, I produced a chronological timeline to demonstrate the progression: the Former World → the Era of the Resolution of Grievances → the Later World. This aids in the comprehension of human nobility. ②The Era of Human Nobility was preceeded by the opening of the Era of the Resolution of Grievances of human world which began in 1901. Human nobility is stipulated as a regulatory system for the universe set in motion by the opening the Era of Resolution of Grievances. ③While synthetically examining the aspects of transition which enable the Ear of Human Nobility to be realized, the period to be studied is stipulated as beginning from 1901 and ending at the start of the Later World. The subjects are defined as the flowing from Jeungsan, the first leader of human nobility, to the noble individuals empowered by Dao and the noble populace. In the Era of Human Nobility, studying the transition process by which human nobility is realized requires delving into the resolution of grievances. Although this method is essential to understanding Daesoon ideas, in actuality it does not hinge upon speculative exegetical theorizing but instead it was gained through eisegetical rigor.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 1984

The influences of applications of organochlorine insecticide (HCH: Hexachlorocyclohexane, 10 ppm), fungicide (TPN: Tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, 40 ppm) and manure ($3Kg/m^2$) each or together on changes in soil microflora for consecutive years were investigated in the experimental field plots. The insecticide had a little effect on soil microbial numbers. In particular, the number of total bacteria, Gram-negative bacteria and fungi were gradually increased at the latter stage of the consecutive application, but the number of sporeforming bacteria reduced. The fungicide reduced the counts of sporeforming bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi respectively, whereas increased prominently the counts of total bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. TPN-resistant bacteria, particulary TPN-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were gradually accumulated by the long-term application of TPN, and further the number of TPN-resistant total bacteria and the of TPN-resistant Gram-negative bacteria correlated fairly well during all the period. The influences of combined applications of both HCH and TPN on the number of soil microorganisms were equal to the respective sums of the effects of single application of each pesticide. The combined application of manure and these pesticides elevated the increasing extents of microbial numbers, while weakened the detrimental efforts of these pesticides on microbial numbers. These data suggest that the long-term application of these materials have resulted in the remarkable changes of composition of soil microflora.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.52
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• pp.185-211
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• 2017

Lee Neung Hwa is a scholar of the late Joseon Dynasty, renowned for his studies of Korean studies. In this thesis, the study of Confucianism and Buddhism removed the research and teachings of Confucianism as a traditional study of Confucianism. Lee Neung Hwa criticized the social functioning of Confucian texts during the late Joseon Dynasty. His criticisms reflect the historical consciousness of the late Joseon Dynasty. Lee Neung Hwa is also known as the Buddhist religion. The History of Chosun Buddhism is his masterpiece. He pointed out the differences between the Buddhist scriptures of the Joseon Dynasty and the Japanese Buddhist scriptures. Moreover, the Joseon Dynasty felt more integrated into the Japanese Buddhist kingdom than in Japan. And ineunghwa also studied the mythology of Korea. He established a universal cultural phenomenon as a universal cultural phenomenon, which belongs to any ethnic Koreans. He insisted that the Sin Gyo of Dan Gun is the identity of Korean culture. His Founding Myth was not a matter of historical fact. His Founding Myth was a tool of ideological struggle to fight against Japanese imperialism.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.69
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• pp.259-296
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• 2017

This thesis examines the reality of Hwaseo's view of scholarship established through the various academic roots, and explains the writing techniques in his poetic world. The results are as follows; With the roots including the Five Books of Confucianism, Five Classics, the books of Zhuxi and Songjadaejeon, Hwaseo established his own scholarship based on the principle of 'keeping of piety and acting with prudence(持敬致愼)'. And he pursued a practical discipline in parallel with 'understanding the utmost principle and extension of knowledge(致知)' and 'diligent self-cultivation(力行)'. The characteristics of his poetic techniques are the use of quotation and interweaving narrative with discussion. He did not stay in just borrowing or variations on the quotation, but gave new meanings beyond the acceptation, and even reached the point of creating newly coined words. He made pithy narratives according to historical events and character's activities, put forward some discussions, and then expressed his emotion. In particular, there were the poems described by interweaving narrative with discussion based on Mencius's historical viewpoint of 'repetition of peaceful times and troublous times one by one(一治一亂)', which could be regarded as the most representative works of his literary value as well as the essence of his scholarship and ideas.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.282-282
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• 2021

강우시 농경지와 축산시설로부터 유출되는 비점오염물질은 하류 수계의 수질과 수생태계에 악영향을 미친다. 이에 따라 환경부에서는 비점오염원관리지역을 지정하고 다양한 비점오염 저감 대책을 시행하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 비점오염원관리지역으로 지정된 안동댐 하류 중 송야천 유역을 대상으로 강우유출수 모니터링을 수행하였으며, 모니터링 결과를 바탕으로 강우시 비점오염물질 유출 특성을 분석하였다. 모니터링 기간은 2020년 6월부터 11월까지 총 5회의 강우사상에 대하여 상·하류와 유입하천을 포함한 총 8개의 모니터링 지점을 대상으로 강우사상별 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC), 오염부하, 단위면적당 오염부하를 산정하였으며, 오염원 그룹별 비점배출부하를 산정하여 오염 기여도를 분석하였다. 강우유출수 조사결과를 이용한 EMC 농도 산정 결과 유입하천인 오산천 지점이 SS와 TOC 항목을 제외한 모든 수질항목의 EMC 농도가 가장 큰 것으로 나타났다. 단위면적당 오염부하를 산정하여 비교 분석한 결과 T-P 항목의 단위면적당 오염부하는 물한천 지점(0.69 kg/ha)과 오산천 지점(0.69 kg/ha)이 크게 나타났다. 결과와 같이 오산천 지점과 물한천 지점이 오염정도가 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 이에 따른 상류 오염원 현장 정밀조사를 수행하였다. 조사 결과 강우발생시 상류에 위치한 농경지와 축사에서 발생하는 오염원이 하천으로 유입되고 있었으며, 여러 축사에서 배출되고 있는 유입수를 채취하여 분석한 결과 T-P 농도가 평균 0.935 mg/L로 높게 나타났다. 전국오염원조사자료(국립환경과학원, 2017) 내용을 참조하여 송야천 유역의 오염원 그룹별 비점배출부하를 산정해 오염 기여도를 분석한 결과, T-P 항목의 경우 축산계와 토지계의 비점배출부하가 전체 비점배출부하의 약 63%와 37%를 차지해 비점배출부하 기여도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이와 같이 송야천 유역의 경우 강우시 농경지와 축산시설에서 배출되는 오염물질이 하천 수질오염에 상당한 기여를 하고 있는 것으로 보여지며, 비점오염원 발생에 대한 대책 마련이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. 본 연구 결과는 송야천 유역의 비점오염 저감 대책 수립을 위한 기초자료로 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.301-312
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• 1997

Since new continental was discovered, potatoes and sweet potatoes originated from America have been known worldwide. Through literary consideration about potatoes and sweet potatoes, several conclusons were obtained as enumerated below. 1. Based on work done by taxonomist in Orient, both of sweet potatoes and potatoes which were classified to the families of Convovulaceae and Solansceae repectively were included in Seo-rue(薯類). In contrast, both plants' identities were differed systematically. 2. Because potatoes fulfilled with like-cold keep warm, potatoes help So-um-in(少陰人) achieve Yang-nan-ji-gi(陽煖之氣). Meanwhile, the characteristic of sweet potatoes typically in wild living style assists Tae-um-in(太陰人) to own Ho-san-ji-gi(呼散之氣). That sweet potatoes affect on bodies as much as Mar(山藥=마) does makes this pant be defined as good food. 3. The inside contents of Nam-bang-bon-cho-sang(南方本草狀) cited from sweet potatoes chapter in the book of Bon-cho-gang-mok(本草綱目) indicated that the word of sweet potatoes was not found, but called as a kind of Mar(山藥=마) which lived wildly in a mountain Unfortunately, due to that medical scientist cited contents of Nam-bang-bon-cho-sang(南方本草狀) without pursuing carefully, sweet potatoes have been misunderstood. 4. According to the book of Sasang Constitutional medicine, sweet potatoes are good for Tae-um-in(太陰人) who has constipation, and potatoes are good for So-um-in(少陰人) who suffers form stomach illnesses like ulcer and hotburn. Therefore two plants have been used for curing those illness. ln addition, the taking oriental medicine with those plants are recommenced for dietary treatment according to the Constitution.