• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1640-1650
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• 2016

In this study, the effect of the polychaete antimicrobial peptide as feed additives on fish, olive flounder (Paralichythys olivaceus) and black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii), immune activity was described. The antimicrobial peptide of the polychaete was induced by peptidoglycan from Micrococcus luteus. The fish were fed an experimental diet supplemented with 0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.5% or 1% of immune induced the polychaete to a commercial diet. Haematological parameters, nonspecific immunes and stress were evaluated 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks during fed. The resistance against bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda and Streptococcus iniae, were analysed on after 8 weeks. The haematological parameters were not significantly changed among tested groups. But the lysozyme activities were significantly high in the 0.1% and 0.5% supplement group of olive flounder and black rockfish, respectively. Additionally, cortisol in plasma was low in the 0.1% and 0.5% supplement group of olive flounder and black rockfish, respectively. And resistance of these supplement groups were significantly induced against bacterial injection.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.267-274
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• 2015

Peat moss has been found to be useful as a plant growth substance, fertilizer, and soil solution. It is not known, however, whether dietary peat moss affects performance in broilers. In the present study, we investigated the effects of dietary peat moss as a feed ingredient in broilers. Experimental diets were prepared by mixing basal feed with PM at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, and 1.6%. In experiment 1, 150 14-day-old Ross broiler chicks were housed for 2 weeks in 15 pens that were randomly assigned into five groups (0.0%, 0.2%, 0.4%, 0.8% and 1.6% PM). Dietary peat moss at 0.2% and 0.4% significantly increased the water intake, body weight, weight gain and feed efficiency compared with the control (0.0% PM, P<0.05) but did not affect feed intake. Higher levels of PM (0.8 and 1.6%) significantly decreased feed intake, body weight and weight gain. In experiment 2, 198 7-day-old Ross chicks were housed for 3 weeks in nine pens that were randomly assigned into three groups (0.0%, 0.2% and 0.4% PM). When the broilers were fed with dietary peat moss for 3 weeks, the peat moss effects disappeared. The results of the current study show that low amounts of dietary peat moss may exert beneficial effects on performance in broilers.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.195-205
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• 2007

This study was conducted to determine effects of probiotics on performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention in Korean black goats fed two diets differing in forage to concentrate (F:C) ratio (30:70 and 70:30), for the establishment of their more efficient feeding management system. The probiotics employed in this trial were mixtures of different microbial species, which consisted of Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae and Streptomyces griseus. Additional levels of probiotics to each F:C ratio (70:30 or 30:70) were 0 and 0.2%, respectively. Thus, twelve Korean black male goats were allotted to treatments in four groups of three goats per treatment and then they were housed in individual metabolism cages with a randomized complete block design for 21 days. Dry matter (DM) intakes were not affected by dietary F:C ratio and probiotics. Digestible DM amounts were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing levels of dietary forage, but they were not affected by probiotics addition. Dry matter intakes per metabolic body weight and their ratio per body weight had a similar trend to DM intakes with no significant difference by F:C ratio and probiotics addition. The nutrient digestibility was significantly (p<0.05) increased with decreasing levels of forage in the diet, but it was not affected by probiotics addition. Urinary nitrogen loss was significantly (p<0.05) decreased with decreasing levels of dietary forage, but there was no significant difference between probiotics-supplemented and unsupplemented groups within the same F:C ratio. On the contrary, nitrogen retention was decreased with increasing levels of dietary forage, and probiotics supplementation to two diets differing in F:C ratio showed slightly increasing trends in the nitrogen retention. From the above results, probiotics supplementation to two diets differing in F:C ratio did not have the significant influence on feed intakes, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. Consequently, these parameters of Korean black goats were dominated rather by F:C ratio than by dietary probiotics.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2013.10a
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• pp.798-834
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• 2013

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.102-112
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of food waste and probiotics supplementation on productive performance and egg composition of laying hens. Total 120 layers (Brown Tetran) 22 weeks old were divided into five groups with 4 replicates for each treatments and raised in battery cage. The experimental design was completely randomized. The egg Production rate was significantly increased in layer supplemented with 0%, 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% of probiotic supplemented diets compared to control (P<0.05). At feeding with food waste and probiotic supplementation had no effect on the egg shell strength (P>0.05). Haugh unit of the eggs was significantly increased in layers fed with 1.5% of probiotic supplemented diet (P<0.05). The different levels of inclusion of the food waste and probiotic supplementation had not effect on egg shell color, blood spot and albumen index of the eggs (P<0.05). There were not significant differences in over all acceptability, juiciness, texture and color of the eggs from layer fed with different levels of wood waste and probiotic supplementation. The appearance and flavor significantly deteriorated in eggs from layers fed with probiotic diets compared to control (P<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.233-244
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• 2010

This experiment was conducted to evaluate two different types of feed additive as an alternative for antibiotics on growth performance and feed cost in growing and finishing pigs. One additive is an herb extract, with Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) as the main component, while the other feed additive contains aminolevulinic acid (ALA). In the first experiment, 128 grower pigs were allotted to 4 different treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 8 pigs per replicate; the trial lasted for 28 days. The positive control group (PC) which is the control group supplemented with antibiotics was significantly higher (p<0.05) in growth rate (580.6 g/d) followed by the ALA group (532.0 g/d), there was no significant differences in terms of feed intake and feed efficiency. There were marginal reductions in feed costs measured as feed cost per head in ALA and HE added diet. However, the feed cost per weight gain of ALA treatment was higher than the control group (PC) supplemented with antibiotics. In the second experiment, 80 finisher pigs were allotted to 4 treatment groups and replicated 4 times with 5 pigs per replicate; the trial lasted for 70 days. The treatment group supplemented with an herb extract (HE) had a significantly higher (p<0.05) feed intake (2,415.8 g/d) compared to the other treatment groups, but there was no significant differences in terms of growth rate and feed efficiency. Feed cost per head in HE and ALA treatments were higher than PC treatment, and feed cost per weight gain of HE was higher than PC treat (p<0.05). The results from these experiments suggests that these two types of feed additives can both be used as an alternative for antibiotics without having a negative effect on the performance of the animals. And aminolevulinic acid was good in performance and production cost of grower and finisher pigs.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.140-144
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial inoculation as additive consisting of novel lactic acid bacteria on quality and fermentation characterization of Miscanthus sinnensis silages. The contents of crude protein, acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber in treatments of additive of lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) inoculation had similar to control. pH of Miscanthus sinnensis (MS) silage in treatments of ALAB inoculation significantly decreased as compared to control (p<0.05). The content of lactic acid in in treatments of ALAB inoculation significantly increased (p<0.05), but the content of acetic acid in treatments of ALAB inoculation decreased. In addition, number of lactic acid bacteria in treatments of ALAB inoculation significantly increased as compared to control (p<0.05). Therefor, we suggest that MS silage improved by inoculation of additive consisting of novel lactic acid bacteria.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2004

The effects of different concentrations (0, 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9%) of fish feed additives (Hanbangchun and Olyukchun) utilizing effective microorganisms and herb medicine on activity of liver function were examined in olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, Moreover, we investigated the characteristics of the additives. Total number of microorganisms (Lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Photosynthetic bacteria and Azotobactor) in the additives was 5.6${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Hanbangchun and 3.0${\times}$10$^{8}$ CFU/g in the Olyukchun. Levels of three typical pathological microorgamisms (Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus sp.) in moist pellets (MP) were significantly decreased by the additives in a concentration-dependent way. Hepatosomatic index of fish in the 0.3% group was significantly increased. Total serum protein was increased in all the groups containing additives, but the protein content in liver was higher in the control group. Higher activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase which are involved in physiological defense mechanisms were found in the dietary groups containing 0.3% and 0.6%, respectively. These results suggest that the additives, Hanbangchun and Olyukchun, can increase tolerance of olive flounder against stress and hypoxic conditions by increasing activities of body antioxidant enzymes.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2000

A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of several yeasts with or without chemical treatment (protoplasted) in formulated diets on growth and body composition of juvenile abalone(Haliotis discus hanai). There replicate groups of the abalone average weighing 210 mg were fed one of eight isonitrogenous (30%) and isolipidic (4.4%) diets containing 3% Kluyveromyces fragilis protoplasted K. fragilis Candida utilis protoplasted C. utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae protoplasted S. cerevisiae or brewer's yeast. In addition these formulated diets were compared with commercial diet. Survival rate and proximate analysis of soft whole body of abalone were not significantly affected by the different dietary yeasts and commercial diet (P>0.05) Body weight gain and soft body weight control diet and diets containing S. cerevisiae or brewer's yeast (P<0.05) Shell length of abalone fed yeast and commercial diet (P<0.05) Th results suggest that protoplasted K. fragilis as an additive in this formulated diet can improve weight gain of abalone.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2004

Silage additives are needed to increase the quality of whole crop rice silage which seldom produce without the additives due to both high pH and butyric acid concentrations. Little information, however, is available about the silage fermentation of whole crop rice added with silage additives in Korea. This study was conducted to determine the optimum levels of silage additives by evaluating the effects of latic acid bacteria (LAB) and formic acid concentrations on the silage quality of whole crop rice harvested at different mature stages. Field study was established early in May until October 7th on a rice field at Yupori, Sinbuk-yeup, Chunchon, Kangwon-Do. "Ilpum" mutant rice was harvested at six different mature stages; booting stage (17 Aug.), milk-ripe stage (27 Aug.), dough stage (7 Sep.), yellow ripe stage (17 Sep.), dead ripe stage (27 Sep.) and full ripe stage (7 Oct.). Each sample was ensiled in three different ways; with 1) LAB (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2% of sample wt), 2) formic acids (0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% of sample wt.) and 3) no additive. The additive levels did not affect dry matter content, crude protein, fiber and total digestable neutriant concentrations at all stages. Addition of additives significantly decreased the silage pH and butyric acid concentrations which tended to be more decreased with higher levels of additives. Latic acid concentrations were higher with the use of additives, especially with LAB. The lower concentrations of ammonia-N were observed in additive treatments at all stages, but the concentrations of ammonia-N did not differ according to the additve levels after yellow ripe stage (0.69, 0.60 and 0.71% of DM in 0.05, 01 and 0.2% of LAB, respectively; 0.64 0.59 and 0.75% of DM in 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4% of formic acid, respectively). These results indicate that the optimum addition levels of LAB and formic acid are 0.5∼0.1% and 0.2∼0.3%, respectively, on which the high quality of rice whole crop silage was produced. produced.