• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 1999

Growth rate and saikosaponin content of Buplurum falcatum hairy root on MS and RCM basal media were measured. And using hairy root cultured in those media, it was investigated whether some correlation between differences in growth rate and saikosaponin content and histiological difference was or not. Results obtained showed that among media tested, MS and 3RCM medium which showed the faster growth in fresh weight and dry weight, respectively. And saikosaponin content of hairy root cultured in 3RCM was $2.2{\sim}5.5$ times higher than that of 1 year cultivated roots, whereas that in MS was extremely low. On the other hand, histological differences of root tips and about 1 cm region from root tip cultured in both MS and 3RCM were not prominent, however, in mature region, a lot of cells only in 3RCM contained densely stained vacuoles or organelles which probably contain tannin, suggesting that development of those has a correlation with biosynthesis of secondary metabolites containing saikosaponin.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2002

Bacillus ehimensis YJ-37 was observed as a potential biological agent to control the occurrence of diseases and plant growth.promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Population density of B. ehimensis YJ-37 were higher 1.2~2 times in main roots and lateral roots than from nonrhizosphere soil and persisted around 10$^4$g root on the watermelon and radish root system upto 30 days after growing in pot condition. As a PGPR, B. ehimensis YJ-37 enhanced plant growth of watermelon and radish by soil treatment. The leaf area, hypocotyl length, root length and dry weight of radish were about 85, 33, 23 and 89% more than that of untreated plant, respectively. In case of watermelon were about 63, 27, 25 and 69% more than that of untreated plant, respectively. Biocontrol of damping-off in watermelon and radish caused by Rhizoctonia solani AG-4 and Pythium ultimum were carried out in pots using 3. ehimensis YJ-37. The results showed that might contribute to it's suppression of damping-off disease in field plants.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2002

The production of anthraquinone has been dectected in transformed roots of Rheum undulatum L. The effects of medium, initial pH, concentration of sucrose, light irradiation and elicitors on anthraquinone production in transformed roots of Rheum undulatum L. were investigated. The maximum production of anthaquinone was achieved in WPM medium (pH 5.7) supplemented with 6% sucrose, 0.5 mg/l $GA_3$, and 50 mg/l chitosan at 16h light $(16{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1})$ condition. Under the optimum conditions, the production of anthraquinone reached to 0.18 mg/g(F.W.) after 8 weeks. The content was estimated about 1.3 times of the level of native roots.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.325-330
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• 2022

In this study, a plant tissue culture system was established for Atractylodes spp., an economically valuable medicinal crop in Korea that has low domestic production and is increasingly imported. In particular, Atractylodes ovata was treated with four types of cytokinins, 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), zeatin, kinetin, and thidiazuron (TDZ), in two different concentrations (0.5 and 1.0 mg/L). Among the four types of cytokinins, the BA treatment was effective for the shoot and root growth of A. ovata. Both the 0.5 mg/L and 1.0 mg/L concentrations of BA showed similar results; however, the 1.0 mg/L concentration of BA was more effective in promoting shoot and root growth. The treatments showed that the TDZ treatment was not effective for the shoot and root growth, except for the number of shoots and the fresh weight (FW) of the root; therefore, it was unsuitable for this species. In this study, we established a mass production system of A. ovata. Our results showed that direct in vitro regeneration may make a significant contribution to improving the cultivation of the medicinal plant A. ovata.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.103 no.4
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• pp.547-555
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• 2014

This study was carried out in order to investigate the germination and the early growth characteristics of Parasenecio firmus. Seed pre-treatment before the each experiment was carried out by shading treatment (with drying at room temperature (DRT), drying at low temperature (DLT) and water soaking (WS) for 48 hours). Experiment was performed by shading treatment (full sunlight, 35%, 50%, 75%, and 95% shading). Seeds of Parasenecio firmus were surveyed the highest germination rate (61.1%) in full sunlight with WS (overall 25.7~61.1%). Height was surveyed the highest under 95% shading. And root collar diameter was surveyed the highest in full sunlight. Fresh weights (leaf, shoot, root and total) were the highest under 50% shading. Dry weights (leaf, shoot and total) were the highest under 75% shading. It was indicated the lowest leaf, shoot, root and total under 95% shading. Leaf growth (leaf area, leaf length, leaf width and leaf thickness) and root growth (total root length, root project area, root surface area, root diameter and root volume) were good under 35%~75% shading, but the lowest under 95% shading. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, seed of Parasenecio firmus grows well under 50%~75% shading after germination by high sunlight with water soaking (WS).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.493-500
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• 1998

To investigate the effects of light intensity on the growth, and the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Cornus controversa seedlings at the stage of cotyledon, hypocotyl elongation, cotyledon expansion, the times of leaves appearance, dry weights of each organ, and specific leaf area(SLA) were measured on a growth chamber with several light intensity gradients(385, 32, 17, 8, and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). There was a positive correlationship between the size of cotyledon and the biomass of cotyledon and total seedling. Hypocotyl was more elongated under relatively low light intensities, such as 32, 17, 8, and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ than under $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity, however, dry weight of the hypocotyl was adverse. As the light intensities decreased, the leaf appearance was delayed and the number of leaves decresed. In addition, leaves did not appear under $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity. Although cotyledons were more fully expanded under 32 and $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensities than $385{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity, the dry weights of cotyledons were greater under the high light intensity. The dry weight of cotyledon, hypocotyl, root and leaves showed a decreased pattern with decreasing light intensities, but root to shoot(hypocotyl+leaves) ratio rapidly increased. Roots did not develop below $8{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity. In conclusion, the results showed that the critical minimum light intensity for growing of Cornus controversa seedlings was above $17{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ light intensity.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.95 no.6
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• pp.735-742
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• 2006

The objective of this study was to elucidate the tolerance of woody plants to simulated acid rain in relation to mycorrhizal inoculation. Germinating seedlings of Robinia pseudoacacia were planted in 1I pots with autoclaved soil mixture of vermiculite, sand and nursery soil at 1:1:1 ratio. Each pot was inoculated with both crushed root nodules from a wild tree of the same species and commercial arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculum of Glomus intraradices at the time of planting the seedlings. Simulated acid rains at pH 2.6, 3.6, 4.6, and 5.6 were made by mixing sulfuric acid and nitric acid at 3: 1 ratio. Each pot received nutrient solution without N and P, and was also supplied with 180 ml of the one pH level of the acid rains once a week for 50 days. The plants were grown in the green house. At the end of experimental period, plants were harvested to determine contents of chlorophyll, mineral nutrients and net photosynthesis in the tissues, dry weight of the plants, and mycorrhizal infection in the roots. Mycorrhizal infection rate was significantly reduced only at pH 2.6, which meant vitality of G intraradices was inhibited at extremely low pH. Height growth, dry weight production, nodule production and chlorophyll content were increased by mycorrhizal infection in all the pH levels except pH 3.6. Particularly, mycorrhizal inoculation increased root nodule production by 85% in pH 5.6 and 45% in 4.6 treatments. But the stimulatory effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on nodule production was reduced at pH 3.6 and 2.6. Net photosynthesis was increased by mycorrhizal infection in all the pH levels. The phosphorus(P) content in the tissues was increased by 43% in average by mycorrhizal inoculation, which was statistically significant except in pH 2.6. It was concluded that mycorrhizal inoculation of Robinia pseudoacacia would enhance growth and resistance of the plants to acid rain by improving the photosynthesis, phosphorus nutrition, and more nodule production.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.161-167
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• 2005

Above and belowground biomass for Phyllostachys pubescens was determined in Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do. Regression analyses of dry weights of culms, foliages, and twigs versus diameter at breast height were used to calculate regression equations of the form of log Y = a + blogX. Total aboveground biomass for Phyllostachys pubescens was 69.7 ton/ha and rhizomes and roots biomass were 13.7 ton/ha and 7.5 ton/ha, respectively. Culms account for about 60% of total aboveground biomass. The aboveground biomass of each component was decreased in the order of culms>foliages>twigs. As diameter at breast height grew thicker, the proportion of culms to total aboveground biomass increased. The proportion of dry weight of culms to green weight gradually increased with height in a bamboo tree and ages. Nutrients (kg/ha) of litter layer were distributed as follows: N(45.1), Ca(17.3), K(6.1), Mg(3.6), P(3.5) and Na(0.7). Nitrogen and K were given much weight in total nutrients of rhizomes and roots. These results will be useful in measuring carbon stock and drawing up management plan to increase it for Phyllostachys pubescens stand.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Trifolium repens were studied. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, roots and flowers of T. repens strongly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Zoysia japonica. In general, the higher concentration of the extracts showed the more great inhibition effect. The phenolic compounds extracted from T repens were analysed and identified using gas chromatography. 14 phenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and flowers: caffeic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, 2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid, syringic acid, 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phloroglucinol and phanylacetic acid. The seed germination and relative growth ratio of Z. japonica by 14 phenolic compounds were inhibited in whole treatment. Stronger growth inhibitor were benzoic acid, salicylic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. From these results it is suggested that the phenolic compounds from T. repens seemed to be responsible for the allelopathic potential.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 2020

Plant growth-promoting microorganisms promote plant growth by supplying nutrients to roots and interacting with the intrinsic factors in plants through volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this study, we evaluated the effect of UOS, plant growth-promoting fungi (PGPF) isolated from previous study, on the growth of Nicotiana tabacum L. var Xanthi nc. Phylogenetic analysis and GC-MS were used to identify the fungal species and the VOCs emitted by the UOS, respectively. The fresh weight of UOS-treated Nicotiana tabacum L. was 3.8 and 4.2-fold higher than that of the control groups grown in vertical and I-plates, respectively. Moreover, in the UOS-treated plants, the length of the primary root was half and the number of lateral roots were twice compared to those in control plants. The UOS was identified as Phoma sp. by studying spore and mycelial morphology and using phylogenetic analysis. GC-MS revealed that the VOC emitted by the UOS was hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane (D3). These results suggest that the UOS of Phoma sp. influences plant growth and root development through D3. We expect this UOS and its VOC, D3 to be utilized in the future to increase growth and enhance yield for other plants.