• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of the mulching of hairy vetch and pig manure on the growth, yield and crude protein contents of the mulching of hairy vetch and application of animal slurry were treated and investigated in $2000{\sim}2002$. At the first year of cultivation, there were no differences among the treatments in plant height, but second year the growth of plants increased and continued over long times as the hairy vetch mulched and fertilized. The length and diameter of plant root were increased in the plot of hairy vetch mulching and the application of animal slurry. At first year of cultivation, no clear difference was found for among the treatments on dry weight and dry matter ratio in roots. At second year of cultivation, they were increased at in the plot of mulching and fertilizer treatment. The appearances of weeds in the field on Astragalus membranaces were much lower on the plots of live-mulching of hairy vetch than those on the control. The yield of root was 255kg highest in the plot of mulching and animal slurry application of 2-year-old roots. The root yield of Astragalus membranaces was increased about $8{\sim}10%$ compared to that with control, due to supply of nutrients. During the cultivation times, organic matters and N contents in soil increased by the mulching of hairy vetch and the application of animal slurry. The concentration of K, Ca concentration in soil showed a tendency to increase.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.122-129
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• 2002

The removal rate of heavy metals from the wastewater, the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants after transplanting, and the responses of water celery growth with different wastewater treatments were investigated to determine the potential ability of green-remediation with hydroponic culture of water celery. The removal rate and translocation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from different wastewater to plants were compared with cultivation periods after transplanting. The removal rate of heavy metals from wastewater was different with each treatment but increased with growing periods of water celery plants. The removal rate of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater is ranged from 22 to 73%, from 28 to 100%, from 13 to 92% and from 41 to 100% at 6 days after transplanting, respectively. The translocations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from roots to shoots in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater are ranged from 14 to 28%. 8 to 30%. from 28 to 45% and from 2 to 15% at 12 days after transplanting, respectively. In plant growth responses, it appears to be inhibited the plant growth over all treatments excepts for Munmark industrial wastewater in these glowing periods. Therefore the water celery might play a useful role in phytoremediation to clean up wastewater contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni or Pb.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.156-161
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• 2006

Overhead and sub-irrigation of deep sea water to tomato seedlings reduced the height as 50% and 58% than control plants. In the same treatment with surface sea water and NaCl water, the reduced rate in tomato seedlings' height were 49% and 56% in overhead irrigation, and 47% and 57% in sub-irrigation, respectively. Most effective method for the inhibition of the growth of the seedling was sub-irrigation method, which supplied water through the roots. No significant difference was observed on fresh weight of the upper part of tomato and cucumber seedlings, though the sub-irrigation reduced the fresh weight than the overhead irrigation. The reduced rate of fresh weight of seedlings by overhead irrigation was by 38% and sub-irrigation by 49% as compared to control. Similarly dry weight of upper and under soil parts of seedlings showed same trend of results thereof as fresh weight. This result can be traced to reduction of growth caused by salts in the water. In stem diameter of seedlings no significant difference was observed between two irrigation methods, even though both deep sea and NaCl water reduced stem diameter, as compared to control water. Overhead irrigation can be chosen by seedling producers because of better seedling quality by using TH ratio. Seedling compactness were not noticed in both the overhead and sub-irrigation. Sub-irrigation was found more effective method far the inhibition of height and compactness of tomato seedlings. Higher the concentration of NaCl, deep sea, and surface sea water, lesser the growth in height, fresh and dry weight, stem diameter, and leaf area was obtained. No significant difference was found, though sub-irrigation suppress the growth of seedlings.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.109-116
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• 2010

Morphology and microstructure of the suction trap in aquatic Utricularia japonica were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Branched stems bear numerous suction traps without root formation. The traps are derived axillary from the node, and their antennae and appendages extend in a peculiar fashion. The trap walls are thin, two-celled, parenchyma tissue and simple, small glands are scattered in both internal and external surface of the trap. The entrance of the trap is surrounded by one pair of dorsal antennae and ventral appendages, where the former guides the prey to the entrance. Trap door is situated below the entrance and numerous sessile and stalked capitate trichomes cover the entrance and even on the door surface. The capitate trichomes are secretory, but four trigger hairs formed on the central areas of the door are not. They are believed to function in activating and tripping the trap door. A specialized region of the threshold come in contact with the lower portion of the door upon closing. The secretory capitate trichomes near this region are responsible for producing and secreting a mucilage-like substance which composes the velum. Two-armed bifid glands are located in the interior side of the threshold, while four-armed quadrifid glands are considerably numerous occurring over the entire inner trap wall. Bifid and quadrifid glands develop semi-spherical basal cells that connect them to the inner wall surface. Antennae, trigger hairs, capitate trichomes, bifid and quadrifid glands are more important structures in the carnivory of U. japonica.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Understanding salt tolerance mechanisms is important for the increase of crop yields, and so, several screening approaches were developed to identify plant genes which are involved in salt tolerance of plants. Here, we transformed the Arabidopsis cDNA library into a salt-sensitive calcineurin (CaN)-deficient ($cnb{\Delta}$) yeast mutant and isolated the colonies which can suppress salt-sensitive phenotype of $cnb{\Delta}$ mutant. Through this functional complementation screen, a total of 34 colonies functionally suppressed the salt-sensitive phenotype of $cnb{\Delta}$ yeast cells, and sequencing analysis revealed that these are 9 genes, including CaS, AtSUMO1 and AtHB-12. Among these genes, the ectopic expression of CaS gene increased salt tolerance in yeast, and CaS transcript was up-regulated under high salinity conditions. CaS-antisense transgenic plants showed reduced root elongation under 100 mM NaCl treatment compared to the wild type plant, which survived under 150 mM NaCl treatment, whereas CaS-antisense transgenic plant leaves turned yellow under 150 mM NaCl treatment. These results indicate that the expression of CaS gene is important for stress tolerance in yeast and plants.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1998

This experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of fertilizer for herbicides phytotoxicity of rice(Oryza sativa L. japonica cv Dongjin). The shoot and root growth of rice were inhibited more by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuronethyl+molinate than bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate application in nitrogen or nitrogen mixed solution. In phosphate or phosphate mixed solution, rice growth were inhibited more by bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate than pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate application. In solution mixed with nitrogen and phosphate or fertilizer three elements, rice shoots were more. inhibited by pyrazosulfuron-ethyl or pyrazosulfuron-ethyl+molinate treatments, roots were inhibited more relatively by bensulfuron methyl or bensulfuron methyl+dimepiperate treatments. In all fertilizer solutions, rice plant heights were reduced by dimepiperate and molinate applications, but root growth was reduced only by nitrogen and phosphate mixed solution. Rice growth in sulfonylurea or their mixed herbicide application were more inhibited in high :nitrogen concentration arid by phosphate exclusion than by nitrogen exclusion culture.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.1 s.81
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• pp.120-124
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• 2007

Fusarium proliferatum KGL0401 was previously isolated from Physalis alkekengi var. francheti plant roots and exhibited higher GA productivity than wild type Gibberella fujikuroi. The :tim of this work was to find out an optimal culture condition for GA production. Various carbon(fructose, glucose, lactose, maltose, sucrose) and nitrogen($KNO_3$, urea, glycine, $NaNO_3,\;NH_4Cl$) sources were used for this study. GAs activities were analysed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry(GC-MS). The highest yield of $GA_3$ was found in the growth medium supplemented with sucrose as carbon source and $NH_4Cl$ as nitrogen source. The optimum carbon-nitrogen concentration for $GA_3$ production was found to be 0.5 M:0.17 M. Supernatant was prepared from the culture fluid of F. proliferatum KGL0401 cultured for 7 days at 3 0'E and the 10 ul supernatant was treated with 2 leaf-rice seedling.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.454-460
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• 2009

Phyllanthus urinaria was an important species in Korea and distributed in all around of Korea. The roots and stems of this plant have been used for natural medicine for the treatment of diabetes, the hepatitis B virus and disturbances of the kidney and urinary bladder. Production of adventitious roots in P. urinaria by in vitro cultures could be used as alternatives materials. Shoot and root segments from P. urinaria seedling were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 3.0 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose. After 4 weeks of culture, the highest induction of adventitious roots was obtained from the shoot part. Frequency of adventitious root formation on medium with various kinds of auxins (IAA, NAA, 2,4-D, and IBA) and various concentrations of IBA (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 mg/L) was tested. The maximun induction of adventitious root was obtained on medium with 0.5 mg/L IBA. In liquid culture, growth of root was best on medium supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose. Adventitious roots were cultured in 5 L bioreactor containing 1/2 MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/L IBA and 30 g/L sucrose and mass-production of adventitious roots was successfully achieved. These results revealed the first attempt for the production of adventitious roots in P. urinaria.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2002

The study was carried out to develop nursery soil for rice seedling of phyllite. First of all, physico-chemical properties of used phyllite in the study through the analysis for agricultural utilization evaluation are as following. Bulk density(BD) of phyllite was $1.31g/cm^3$ each other and porosity had 65% of entire pore size. Also, the water holding capacity(WHC) was 43% at 1/3bar pressure, which phyllite has high WHC. According to, the results the experiments for nursery soil were conducted by mixing the materials such as phyllite, zeolite and hill soil. The mixing ratios were 30, 50, and 70% for zeolite and hill soil into phyllite. These mixed materials were packed in a box by adding 0, 1 and 2g of N-fertilizer. At seedling test, there were increases in the growth of shoot and root of rice for phyllite to zeolite and phyllite to hill soil, respectively. On the other hand, the length of leaf increased with increasing application rate of phyllite, while length and a number of root increased with increasing application rate of hill soil. The growth in the plots of phyllite to zeolite and phyllite to hill soil was better than in control plot. Finally, phyllite plot had efficient results when it compared with others and the study used with phyllite will have to more research and effort for agricultural useful material.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 2008

To develop the third generation herbicidal cyclic imide (Cyl) derivatives, the new 1-(4-chloro-2-fluoro-5-propargyloxyphenyl)-3-thiourea derivatives were synthesized and measured their herbicidal activities ($pI_{50}$) in vivo (preemergence) against rice plant (Orysa Sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochlor crus-galli). The synthetic yields (%) of aryl derivatives (21-40) in general was higher than that of alkyl derivatives (1-20). In case of alkyl derivatives, the synthetic yield depended on the structural forms of alkyl amine groups. From the results of correlation analysis between herbicidal activities and substituents, the compound 8 and 24 showed the highest herbicidal activity against the shoot and root of barnyard grass. Especially, the compounds 11 and 6 showed the selective herbicidal activities between rice plant and barnyard grass.