• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.25 no.7
• /
• pp.819-825
• /
• 2015

The use of fructose-containing sports beverage drinks has increased in recent years, especially at sport events, because of their reported ergogenic effects. However, the ingestion of low to moderate doses of caffeinated energy drinks has been associated with adverse side effects such as insomnia or increased nervousness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of fructose beverage supplementation on cardiopulmonary function, blood lactate levels, and inflammatory reactions. We recruited 8 young adult subjects from D university and measured their cardiopulmonary functions before and after supplementation with sports beverage drinks. We also measured blood lactate and inflammatory reactions after a 20 min recovery period. Exercise time, maximal oxygen uptake (V0₂max), and AT HRmax were significantly increased (p<0.05) in the period of before and after sports beverage supplementation. However, no significant differences were observed in RPE, AT RER, V0₂max RER, AT V0₂max, and maximum heart rate (HRmax). Lactate levels also significantly decreased after 20 min recovery with sports beverage supplementation. Sports beverage supplementation therefore may enhance maximal V0₂max and increase the exercise duration time. These drinks may also be helpful in promoting rapid recovery of fatigue variables and increasing exercise performance time.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.11 no.11
• /
• pp.753-766
• /
• 2013

Even though civilization is developing at a fast rate, human beings and their living environments do not look happy. Given that the civilization comes from the human mind, which is changing in interaction with human body, society, and nature, it is hard to think that the human mind is changing in the desirable direction. This paper described a whole changing paradigm of the human mind and its causes through the cognitive mechanism in the brain from which all the diverse minds are formed. According to the cognitive mechanism, the human mind can change from the first free and peaceful mind through the middle mind to the last obsessive and anguish mind in accordance with the change of one of the factors in the origin of the human mind. Today's unfavorable changes in human beings, society, and the natural environment including the excessive development of civilization are the results of the undesirable changes of the human mind. This paper specified the respective characteristics of the first, middle, and the last mind and discussed where individuals' minds are and where they are going. Lastly, this paper suggested the specific ways to return to the first original mind based on the cognitive mechanism.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.361-369
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study is to make porous oxide film on the surfaces of pure Ti through anodic spark discharge in electrolytic solution containing calcium and phosphate ions, to improve osseointergration by treating fluoride agent. In addition, it is to evaluate the fluoride modified effect on the surface. Commercial pure Ti plate with $20{\times}10{\times}2mm$ and Ti wire with a diameter of 1.5mm and a total length of 15mm were used. After making titanium oxide films converted by anodic spark discharge, anodizing was performed. Fluoride was spreaded to titanium laboratory plate and maintained for 30 minutes after anodizing breakdown. Fluoride ion discharge amount was measured per 24 hours after dipping titanium plate into saline (10ml) and sustaining 90rpm in a pyrostat. Some plates and wires were dipped in Hanks solutions for a month to examine biocompatibility using SEM and XRD. $TiO_2$ film formed by anodic discharge technique showed great roughness and uniform pores which were $1{\sim}3{\mu}m$ in a diameter. Roughness of the films treated with anodic discharge after blasting were higher than the turned ones(P<0.05). Rapid surface activity was observed in the samples treated with $TiF_3$ agent, which immersed in Hanks solution for 30 days. Taking the results into consideration, the fluoride modified implant with anodic discharge demonstrates that it makes uniformly porous oxide film on the surface of implant and properly increase roughness for osseointegration. The implants will achieve greater bone integration after short healing time by improving surface activity.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.6-9
• /
• 2009

Gastric cancer with gastric outlet obstruction has a high incidence of direct invasion into neighboring organs, with a low resection rate and a poor prognosis. Traditionally, open gastrojejunostomy has been the standard palliative treatment in these patients. Recently, endoscopic self-expanding metal stents have been used increasingly for the palliative treatment of malignant gastric outlet obstruction, but the choice of modality to treat the obstruction caused by gastric cancer is still controversial. Many studies have shown that endoscopic stenting is less invasive and offers not only a shorter time to oral intake and length of hospital stay, but also less frequent complications compared to open gastrojejunostomy. However, recurrent obstruction by tumor overgrowth and ingrowth occur more frequently and re-intervention for recurrent obstructive symptoms are more frequently performed after stent placement than after gastrojejunostomy. Thus, stent placement may be associated with more favorable results in patients with a relatively short life expectancy, while gastrojejunostomy is preferable in patients with a more prolonged prognosis. Also, open surgery affords a greater chance for curative surgery. However, most underlying diseases analyzed in previous studies were pancreaticobiliary malignancies, and there have been few prospective studies specific for patients with gastric cancer. Additional randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes are expected to decide the treatment modality for unresectable gastric cancer with gastric outlet obstruction.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.333-339
• /
• 1998

The effect of heat treatment conditions on the properties of tungsten(W) embolization coils has been evaluated. The W embolization coils were fabricated by coiling the primary W coil with a diameter of 30.mm on a alumina rod mandrel with a diameter of 2.92mm. The secondary coils were then heat treated at 475$^{\circ}C$and 600$^{\circ}C$ for various heat treatment time ranging from 5 minutes to 36hours. The pitch distance, diameter and shape retention capability of the W embolization coils were characterized after the heat treatment. The pitch distance of the W embolization coils increased with the heat treatment time. The diameter of W emboliazation coils decreased continuously with heat treatment time. The shape retention capability of the W embolization coils increased with the heat treatment time due to an increase in elasticity by formation of tungsten oxide film on W coil surface during the heat treatment. The heat treatment condition of W embolization Col at 600$^{\circ}C$ for 20 minute was considered desirable based on the optimization of the shape retention capability, pitch distance and secondary coil diameter after heat treatment.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.260-269
• /
• 2019

The prolonged neglect of the posterior teeth missing area may cause mesial drift, extrusion, unexpected movement of the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone loss with occlusion collapse. Therefore it is recommended to treat that area by the prosthesis as soon as possible after tooth missing. However, if orthodontic treatment is applied to move the remained teeth, it can create improved biomechanical dentoalveolar environment. The use of the third molars in teeth missing area provides advantages as optimizing of prosthesis size. However, crown shape, location, soundness of the third molar and possible of eruption failure should be considered. In this case report, two patients closed a second teeth missing site and reduced the size of the first and second teeth missing area for an implant by protraction of impacted third molars. This case reports the considerations for closing or reducing the posterior teeth space with protracting the third molars by comparing two patients.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.75-80
• /
• 2003

Understanding the seawater infiltration into tidal flat sediments is very important, because it is significantly correlated with the supply of dissolved oxygen, nutrients and organic matter to benthic organisms for survival. However oil blocks interstitial spaces of sediments, reduces seawater infiltration and results in the decrease in oxygen, nutrients and other food supply to benthic communities. The penetration depth of the stranded oil into the sediments is one of the most significant information to know the effect of spilled oil on biological communities and to set up a cleaning method. So we initiated this study to quantify the penetration behavior of spilled oil and to evaluate the influence of the penetrated oil on seawater infiltration in tidal flat environment and its ecological implications. The penetration depth of the crude oil into the tidal flat sediments was two times deeper than that of the fuel oil C, and the depth was significantly affected by stranded oil volume. However, the penetration depth of stranded oil was abruptly dropped at first falling tide but not significantly fluctuated after that. Moreover, hydrocarbon concentration showed the highest within the upper 2 cm. Seawater infiltration was decreased in proportion to the stranded oil volume. The seawater infiltration was more affected by the penetrated fuel oil C about 1.7 times than the crude oil, because the interstitial spaces of the top of sediments were more cleared by the fuel oil C. Therefore, quick cleaning actions for penetrated oil will be necessary for recovery of seawater infiltration because the seawater contains oxygen and nutrients necessary for the survival of benthic organisms in tidal flat.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Information Technology Applications Conference
• /
• 2006.06a
• /
• pp.573-601
• /
• 2006

IS 실무자들은 과거처럼 단순한 시스템 분석이나 프로그래밍 기법만을 갖추는 것만으로는 조직이 원하는 정보기술을 효과적으로 운용하는 것이 어렵게 되고 있다. 예전과는 달리 최근의 기업에서는 통신 시스템을 포함하는 다양한 정보기술에 관련된 지식과 기술을 전문적으로 다룰 수 있는 전문가를 원하는 추세이다. 이러한 맥락에서 IS 실무자들이 자신의 업무를 성공적으로 수행하기 위해 필요한 전문 지식과 기술은 무엇인가라는 질문에 대한 대답을 알 수 있어야만 한다. 본 연구는 IS 실무자들이 그들이 직면하고 있는 ‘IS 지식과 기술의 빠른 변화’를 얼마만큼 인식하고 있으며, 그들이 필요로 하는 지식과 기술과 업무를 수행함에 있어 필수적인 지식과 기술을 얼마만 큼 보유하고 있는지를 조사하였다. 본 연구에서는 조사된 자료를 통하여, 기존의 국내외의 문화에서 밝혀진 인구 통계학적 분류기준 (예를 들자면, 경력 수준, 지역, 직종) 이외에 이들을 분류할 수 있는 기준에는 어떠한 것이 있는가에 대한 연구를 수행하였다. 분석을 위하여 실무자들이 현업에서 많은 시간과 노력을 들이고 있는 IS 활동영역에 대한 투자시간을 기준으로 실무자들을 분류하였다. 분석에서는 조사자의 군집분석과 다차원 분석을 통하여 분류된 실무자 그룹에 대한 여러 가지 기술적인 특성과, 인구 통계학적 특성을 파악하고, 그룹들에 대하여 새로운 분류에 적합한 표기를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 논문은 정보시스템 영역에서 수행된 IS 실무자들에 다양한 연구의 한 부분으로서, 기업 환경, 조직 환경, 나아가 실무자들의 직무환경의 개선에 필요한 지식과 기술을 제공할 것이다.아날로그 방식에서 IT 기반에 의한 디지털 환경으로 변화되고 있다. 또한 e러닝, T러닝, m러닝, u러닝 등의 용어가 생성되고 있다.키지에어컨에서 사용되고 있는 밀폐형 압축기에 대해서 그림 2에서 나타내고 있는 냉방능력 10tons(120,000Btu/h) 이하를 중심으로 상기의 최근 기술 동향을 간략하게 소개하고자 한다.질표준의 지표성분으로 간주되는 진세노사이드의 절대함량과 그 성분조성 차이에 따른 임상효과의 차별성이 있는지에 대한 검토와, 특히 최근 실험적으로 밝혀지고 있는 사포닌 성분의 장내 세균에 의한 생물전환체의 인체 실험을 통한 효과 검정이 필요하다. 나아가서는 적정 복용량의 설정과 이와 관련되는 생체내 동태 및 생체이용율(bioavilability)에 관한 정보가 거의 없으므로 이것도 금후 검토해야 할 과제로 사료된다. 인삼은 전통약물로서 오랜 역사성과 그동안의 연구결과에 의한 과학성을 가지고 있으므로 건강유지와 병의 예방 및 회복촉진을 위한 보조요법제 또는 기능성 식품으로써의 유용성이 있는 것으로 판단된다. 앞으로 인삼의 활용성 증대를 위해서는 보다 과학적인 임상평가에 의한 안전성 및 유효성 입증과 제품의 엄격한 품질관리의 필요성이 더욱 강조되어야 할 것이다.xyl radical 생성 억제 효과를 보여 주었다. 본 실험을 통하여 BHT 를 제외하고 전반적으로 세포 수준에서의 oxidative stress 에 대한 억제 효과를 확인해 볼 수 있었으며 특히 수용성 항산화제들에서 두드러진 효과를 보여 주었다. 제공하여 내수기반 확충에도 노력해야 할 것 이다.있었다., 인삼이 성장될 때 부분적인 영양상태의

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.568-573
• /
• 2009

A new soybean variety, "Singang", was released by NICS, RDA in 2008. It is resistant to soybean mosic virus (SMV), which is one of the most serious diseases in soybean production. "Singang" had been developed for seven years by molecular marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding method using recurrent parent, "Sowon", and donor parent, "L29" which has the SMV-resistance gene, Rsv3. Selected promising breeding line, Suwon 242, was evaluated in yield trials for 2 years from 2005 to 2006 at NICS. Regional yield trials were performed for 3 years from 2006 to 2008 in five locations including Jeju. Agronomic characteristics of "Singang" is a determinate growth habit, purple flower color, grey pubescence, yellow testa, light brown hilum and lanceolate leaflet shape. "Singang" showed the similar performance to "Sowon" cultivar. This variety showed 3 days shorter in days to maturity than the check variety (Pungsannamul). The average yield under regional yield trials in five location was 2.78t/ha. It is adaptable to the whole country except for Gangwon province.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.46 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 2020

To prevent loss of hair protein during hair washing process by water through, a shield coating the pathway of water molecules was studied. Hydrophobic virgin hair, hydrophilic hair, which was damaged only methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA) on the surface, and a repaired hair re-bound 18-MEA, were prepared and water mass changes by as heat were measured. Results showed that hydrophobic hairs followed bi-exponential function of 39 s and 151 s and other two hairs exhibited fast- and mono-exponential decay with 83 s, reflecting the extraction of water molecules without any resistance at the hydrophobic surface. On the assumption that hydrophobic surface resists an extraction of protein in water during the wash, the protein concentrations were compared from the hair of hydrophobic and hydrophilic surface. The extracted hair proteins were 179 and 148 ㎍/mL from the hair coated with hydrophilic polyethylene glycol (PEG) and hydrophobic polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), respectively. This study suggested that hydrophobic coating on the hair surface could be used to prevent protein loss in wash, represented by LFM. In conclusion, this research provides some useful information to contribute to the development of hair washing products that can prevent protein loss in the cleaning process by granting hydrophobic coatings.