• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 1996

반응시간지수(Response Rime Index : RTI)를 사용하여 스프링클러의 열응답(thermal response) 특성을 분류할 수 있다. 반응시간지수는 plunge test에서 균일한 고온의 공기속도의 제곱근과 스프링클러 열감지부의 시정수(time constant)의 곱으로 나타낼 수 있다. 고온의 주위 공기온도에서 스프링클러가 작동하는 시간을 측정하므로서 열감지부의 시정수를 계산할 수 있다. 스프링클러의 RTI가 시정수에 비하여 실험조건에 따른 변화 폭이 적으므로 실제 화재시의 스프링클러 자동시간을 예측하는데에는 RTI가 사용된다. 스프링클러의 작동시간 예측을 위해서는 RTI값과 스프링클러 열감지부 주위의 유속이 필요하며, 유속은 화재의 발열량과 스프링클러가 설치된 구획의 높이로부터 실험식으로 결정된다. 따라서 Plunge test를 이용하여 얻은 스프링클러 열감지부의 기본자료로부터 실화재시의 스프링클러 작동시간을 예측하게 되며, ZONE 모델과 같은 화재 simulation 프로그램과 같이 사용된다면 스프링클러 작동시의 연층의 높이도 예측 가능하게 된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.172-172
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• 2004

형상기억합금 작동기는 스마트 작동기의 대표주자로서 부피 대비 발생력이 다른 어느 재료보다 우수하고, 모터와 같은 작동소음이 발생하지 않으며, 온도변화에 의한 간단한 작동원리로 근래에 많은 연구자들의 관심을 받아왔다 그러나, 온도변화 대 변위 곡선을 살펴보게 되면 이력곡선, 포화현상 등의 강한 비선형성을 내제하고 있고, 대류조건에 따른 온도외란에 민감하다. 이로 말미암아 정밀한 위치제어에 상당한 문제를 수반하고 있으며, 기존의 PID제어기나, 모델기저 제어기를 사용하게 될 경우 정상 상태오차와 한계싸이클 등의 현상이 나타나는 것으로 문헌에 보고되고 있다.(중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.731-736
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• 2011

A pneumatic driving solenoid valve operates pneumatic control devices by opening/closing operating flow passage when the command is given by control system for the liquid-propellant feeding system of space launch vehicle. The simulation model of pneumatic driving solenoid valve is designed with AMESim to verify the designs and evaluate the dynamic characteristics and pneumatic behaviors of valve. To validate a valve simulation model, the simulation results of their operating durations of valve by AMESim analysis are compared with the results of experiments. In addition, the results of internal flow simulation with FLUENT are utilized to improve the accuracy of valve-modeling. Using the model, we analyze performance of valve; opening/closing pressure, operating time on various design factors; shape of control valve seat, drainage seat, rate of sealing diameter, volume of control cavity. This study will serve as one of reference guides to enhance the developmental efficiency of ventilation-relief valves with the various operating conditions, which shall be used in Korea Space Launch Vehicle-II.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.756-762
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• 2009

As nonlinear friction, stick-slip friction in hydraulic actuators are a problem for accuracy and repeatability. Therefore friction compensation has been approached through various control algorithms. A Adaptive discrete time sliding mode tracking controller has been applied in order to compensate the nonlinear friction characteristics in a hydraulic Actuator. Based on the diophantine equation, a new discrete time sliding function is defined and utilized for the control law which includes a friction and modeling error. Robustness is increased by using both a projection algorithm and a sliding function-based nonlinear feedforward. From the results of simulation and experiment good tracking performance is achieved.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 1996

This paper describes a potential-based panel method for the prediction of unsteady performance of a marine propeller operating in a non-uniform flow field. Boundary-value problem, formulated by distributing the normal dipoles and sources on the blade, the hub and the shed wake, is descretized and numerically analyzed in a discretized time domain. Through an extensive test and comparison with the analytic solution, the convergence in time step is verified for a two-dimensional foil. Unsteaty analysis is then carried out for the DTRC 4118 propeller operating in a harmonic wake, and compared favorably with the experimental result. The present method is shown applicable to the analysis of unsteady performance of the propellers.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 2017

During a construction of embankment, sub base, or retaining wall backfill, the speedy measurement of water content is necessary. In this study, a test method for field determination of water content of soil by the calcium carbide gas pressure (speedy water content measurement method) was evaluated for its reliability and accuracy. Dry oven and microwave oven methods were also used for water content measurement. In the test, weathered granite and Nakdong River sand in the site and kaolinite were used for water content measurement. The mass of 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, and 30 g of soil was respectively tested for 1, 3, and 5 min. The effect of each sample on water content was compared one another and analyzed. As the mass and testing time increased, the water content increased. The amount of soil was more important factor than testing time for the speedy water content measurement. In order to obtain similar result to that of dry oven method, 3 min of testing time with 24 g of soil was necessary for weathered granite classified as SM and 3 min with 30 g for Nakdong River sand classified as SP. For Nakdong River sand with 20-50% of kaolinite, the water content by speedy measurement increased as the clay content increased.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.70-75
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• 2010

Compressed air represents an energy source and an force-transmission medium for brake systems on medium-heavy and heavy-duty commercial vehicles. However, one disadvantage is the tendency of air to absorb moisture in the form of water vapor. This water vapor condenses once the air, which is heated during compression, cools back to ambient temperature upon emerging from the air compressor. The resulting condensation assumes the form of moisture in pneumatic lines, air tanks, cylinders and valve assemblies and can have negative consequences for the brake system and vehicle safety. The pneumatic systems on today's vehicles are equipped with air dryers, in which the supplied air is dried according to the adsorption principle. In the systems, the compressed air flows through a granular desiccant with molecular sieves which captures the water molecules.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.10-15
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• 2011

The separation actuator for the small satellite should fix satellite appendages with high clamping force. After operation, it has to be separated from the satellite body without any damage on satellite system and release the appendages such as a solar panel and an antenna successfully. Therefore, we invent a non-explosive separation actuator for the small satellite which generates low shock and is resettable. In order to confirm performance of the proposed separation actuator, we carried out experiments for separation time, maximum preload for activation, and shock level.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.309-319
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• 1991

A continuous stirred tank membrane reactor(CSTMR ) was developed and optimized for the production of cod skin gelatin hydrolyzates using endo-protease Alcalase. A experimental design methodology was used to optimize the four performance variables: enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, permeate flux and reactor volume. All four variables studied had an effect on substrate conversion, with enzyme and substrate concentrations being predominant. Conversion increased with the increase in enzyme concentration, with the decrease in substrate concentration, at high volumes and low flux. A strong interaction was observed between enzyme and substrate concentrations and smaller interactions between enzyme and flux and substrate and flux. The optimum operating conditions for the CSTMR process for an initial substrate concentration for 10% were $50^{\circ}C$, pH 8, flux 7.3ml/min, residence time 82 min, and Alcalase to substrate ratio 0.02(w/w). A gradual decay in reactor activity during 8 hrs was 2.1% conversion/hr. Enzyme leakage through the 10, 000 MWCO membrane was 16% at $50^{\circ}C$ and 12% at $35^{\circ}C$, 6hrs. However, there was no apparent correlation between enayme leakage and substrate conversion. The Km value for the CSTMR was 20 times higher than the batch reactor. The productivity(expressed as mg product/mg enzyme) of the CSTMR was more than six fold higher than the batch at $50^{\circ}C$. The hydrolyzate was non-bitter.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.104-107
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• 2021

전 세계적으로 건조한 지역이 늘어남에 따라 산불 발생 빈도가 증가하고 있다. 이에 대한 대안으로 센서를 이용한 산불 감지 시스템의 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 기존의 서버가 센서의 작동시간 설정값을 보내는 방식은 산불 발생 빈도가 높은 환경에서는 산불 감지가 늦어지고 산불 발생 빈도가 낮은 환경에서는 불필요한 산불 감지로 센서의 생명주기 낮아지는 비효율적인 면이 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 센서 기반 산불 감지 시스템을 위한 향상된 센싱 주기 기법을 제안한다. 제안하는 센싱 주기 기법은 환경 요인, 센서의 작동시간 알고리즘을 이용하여 환경에 맞는 센서의 작동시간 설정값을 결정한다. 그 후 센서의 화재 감지 알고리즘을 통해 센서는 서버로부터 설정값을 받아 운용모드로 전환하여 화재상황이 났을 시에 서버로 메세지를 보낸 후 생명주기를 위해 저전력모드로 전환한다. 성능평가를 통해 기존의 방식보다 평균 18.1분 빠르게 화재상황을 감지할 수 있고 소모전력도 2.2mA만큼 낮았다. 향우 실제 화재환경에서의 성능평가가 필요하다.