• The Korean Journal of Pancreas and Biliary Tract
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.165-171
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• 2017

Background/Aim: There is little data on whether plastic stents with a larger diameter are patent for longer than small stents in patients with bile duct cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the stent survival between 7-French (Fr) and 10-Fr plastic stents and evaluate the factors affecting stent survival. Methods: Patients with biliary obstruction due to biliary tract cancer were enrolled at Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine from January 2010 to October 2014. Results: A total of 215 patients (7-Fr:10-Fr = 89:126 patients) were retrospectively enrolled. The primary tumor sites were common bile duct (n = 111), hilar (n = 45), and ampulla of Vater (n = 59). Rates of stent migration and stent obstruction were not different between the two groups. The median duration of stent survival was 3.3 months in the 7-Fr group and 5.9 months in the 10-Fr group (p = 0.543). The diameter of the stent did not have an effect on stent survival (hazard ratio 1.11, 95% confidence interval 0.71-1.73, p = 0.649). Conclusions: 7-Fr and 10-Fr stents have similar rates of stent migration and stent obstruction. The stent survival of 7-Fr was not inferior to 10-Fr stents in the management of biliary tract cancer.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.71-86
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• 2000

According to Torrance, it is said that about 30% of feeble-headed children are bearing potential brilliant quality. Such potential gifted children exist really much more than children who appear to show their own brilliant quality. Nevertheless, research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness has not been relatively actively progressed. Renzulli, Smith and so on progresses research activity to reveal children's potential giftedness and strategies developed by them are being used widely all over the world, but these strategies show the defect that children can not overcome by themselves the interfered factors influenced negatively on their gift revelation. Russian scholar Babaeva made the effective education program to develop children's potential giftedness. Her program includes various activity methods or mental correct activity and psychological training activity and such training activity is realized through some steps and each step has it's own purpose and realization method. With the result that children discriminated as common children by the experimental study which is progressed by the present program participate, their standard of intelligence and originality showed the improved effect of the similar standard to children factors not a little influencing on children's giftedness development process but she also developed the leading concrete study method for the children to overcome this by themselves. In this paper, the present writer will examine potential giftedness development program researched in Russia and discuss their theoretic background and concrete activity course, activity result. Through this, children's have the excellent abilities in various spheres, this writer will obtain significant suggestions to educate the potential gifted children who do not display their own potentialities and do not receive a favor from gifted children program.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2010

Purpose : To compare immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a combined diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis-inactivated poliovirus vaccine (DTPa-IPV, $Infanrix^{TM}$ IPV, GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals) with co-administration of commercially available DTPa and IPV vaccines at separate injection sites (DTPa+IPV). Methods : A total of 458 infants aged 8-12 weeks were randomized to receive three-ose primary vaccination at 2, 4 and 6 months with DTPa-IPV or DTPa+IPV. Blood samples were collected pre and post vaccination for measurement of immune responses. Reactogenicity was assessed following each dose using diary cards. Results : One month post-dose 3, seroprotection rates for anti-diphtheria, anti-tetanus and anti-poliovirus types 1, 2 and 3 were ${\geq}99.5%$ and vaccine response rates to pertussis antigens were at least 98.6% in both DTPa-IPV and DTPa + IPV groups. Non-inferiority between the groups was demonstrated based on pre-defined statistical criteria. Incidences of both local and systemic symptoms were within the same range across both groups with grade 3 symptoms reported following no more than 4.3% of DTPa-IPV doses and 4.5% of DTPa + IPV doses. Two serious adverse events (both pyrexia) after DTPa-IPV administration were considered vaccine-related. Both infants recovered fully. Conclusion : Combined DTPa-IPV vaccine was immunogenic and well tolerated when used as a three-dose primary vaccination course in Korean infants. DTPa-IPV could be incorporated into the Korean vaccination schedule, reducing the number of injections required to complete primary immunization.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 1990

The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of grapefruit seed extract(GFSE), which was extracted with glycerine in the special schematic extraction apparatus, were investigated for handling and processing of fishery products. The effectivity of GFSE has been tried on sardine, mackerel and shrimp divided into six lots for each fishery product: control(no treatment) and five GFSE-treated samples. Samples were inoculated with Salmenella typhi, incubated for 24hrs at $30^{\circ}C$ in dextrose-tryptone broth medium and prepared for microbiological 8f chemical analysis and organoleptic assessment. The bacteriological analytical results with GFSE(250ppm) showed the reduction of $1.8\times10^6\to2.0\times10^4,\;1.9\times10^6\to1.8\times10^4$ and $1.6\times10^6\to2.7\times10^3$ in total bacterial count for sardine, mackerel and shrimp, respectively. The test results with GFSE(500ppm) showed a $100\%$ reduction of bacterial mackerel treated with GFSE(500ppm) was reduced to $1.1\times10^4$ and $9.0\times10^3$ respectively. Antioxidant effect of treatment with GFSE at 500ppm level for three products was significant. LSD test results on organoleptic parameter for the samples treated with various showed a significant influence on the appearance, odor and texture in which at concentration 500ppm level give the excellent scours compared to each control.