• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2014

This paper describes the effect of canola biodiesel blended fuel on the combustion and emission characteristics in a four cylinder CRDI(Common-rail direct injection) diesel engine. In this study, using the biodiesel fuel(20%,40% of biodiesel-canola oil and 80%, 60% of ULSD(ultra low sulfur diesel) by volume ratio with change of engine speed and injection pressure. The experiment results of increasing biodiesel ratio fuel show that NOx emissions increased. However, soot emission were reduced BC fuels compared to ULSD. Soot emissions largely increased at low injection pressure.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.109-110
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• 2003

우리나라에서의 철도는 도로교통에 비해 수송분담율이 상대적으로 낮지만, 2001년을 기준으로 1년 동안 824만 명을 수송하여 전체 여객 수송량의 약 6.2 %를 차지하고 있다. 최근 연구결과 비도로용으로 사용되고 있는 디젤엔진이 NOx와 입자상 오염물질 배출의 주요한 오염원으로 밝혀졌다. 국내외적으로 대기오염원 중 자동차나 트럭 등 도로용 차량에서 배출되는 오염물질에 대해서는 오래 전부터 관심을 기울여 왔지만, 디젤기관차, 선박 및 경작, 건설, 벌목, 채굴 장비 등을 포함하는 비도로용 이동오염원에 의한 오염물질 배출제어에 관해서는 논의가 거의 이루어진 적이 없었다. (중략)

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.473-479
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• 2013

This study focused on a heavy-duty natural gas engine fuelled with HCNG (CNG: 70 vol%, hydrogen: 30 vol%) and CNG. To study the emission characteristics of an HCNG engine with high compression ratio, the exhaust gas of CNG and HCNG fuel were analyzed in relation to the change in the compression ratio at the half load condition. The results showed that the thermal efficiency improved with an increase in the compression ratio. Consequently, $CO_2$ emission decreased. CO emission increased with inefficient oxidation due to the low exhaust gas temperature. $NO_x$ emission with high compression ratio was increased at the same excess air ratio condition. However, $NO_x$ emission was not affected by a compression ratio exceeding ${\lambda}$ = 1.9 because of the same MBT timing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.4729-4735
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• 2014

To protect the environment, the regulation of emissions from off-road engines which are relatively neglected, is being reinforced. This paper deals with the robust design of off-road diesel engines considering the emission characteristics. Measurements of the NOx and PM levels based on the DOE were carried out. The injector hole number, injection timing and EGR rate were selected as the control factors. The orthogonal arrays table $L_9(3^3)$ was made from 2 or 3 levels for each factor and measurements of emissions were accomplished based on the table. The small-the-better SN ratio according to the Taguchi method was evaluated. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) for the SN ratio was conducted. The injection timing on the NOx emissions and the EGR rate on the PM have the largest effect on the low-load operation condition. The confidence levels of the control factors were more than 90%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.31-32
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• 2000

내연기관으로 작동되는 자동차는 크게 도로용(Onroad)과 비도로용(Nonroad)으로 구분되며, 비도로용 차량은 크게 자동차이외의 교통수단(철도, 항공, 선박)과 건설장비, 농업용기계 등을 일컫는다. 이러한 비도로용 엔진들은 주요 대기오염원으로 부각되어 최근 미국, 유럽둥 선진국에서 배출규제를 시작하였다. 우리나라는 선진국에 비해 휘발유 가격대비 경유가격이 낮기 때문에 경유차량의 보유비율도 상대적으로 높아 경유자동차에 의한 대기오염이 심각한 실정이다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.60-60
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• 2017

화석연료의 고갈과 환경오염이 문제시 되면서 친환경 에너지개발에 대한 연구가 진행되고 있다. 그중 바이오디젤은 동,식물성유지 및 폐식용유를 이용하여 생산이 가능할뿐더러 농용엔진에 특별한 개조 없이 사용가능하다. 또한 바이오디젤 자체에 산소를 함유하고 있어 이산화탄소 저감에 효율적이다. 바이오 디젤에 관한 많은 연구가 수행되었으며, 기존의 연구는 단일유지의 폐식용유를 사용하여 바이오디젤을 생산하는 연구가 진행되었다. 하지만 가정에서 배출되는 식물성 폐식용유의 경우 여러 가지가 혼합되어 배출되고 있어, 혼합폐식용유지의 바이오디젤 특성평가가 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폐식물성유지(폐대두유, 폐카놀라유, 폐해바라기유)를 중량비(1:4, 1:1.5 1:0.66, 1:0.25)로 혼합하여 바이오디젤을 생산하고, 생산한 바이오디젤을 농용기관에 이용하여 농용기관의 출력특성 및 배기배출물특성 평가를 실시하였다. 실험에 사용된 농용기관은 배기량이 673cc인 직접분사식 디젤기관(ND10DE, Daedong, Korea)이며, 엔진성능평가를 위해 토크는 토크센서(YDL-704s, Setech, Korea)를 사용하였다. 배기배출물 평가는 배기가스분석기(HG-550, Airlex, Germany)를 이용하여 이산화탄소, 질소산화물을의 배출량을 측정하였다. 폐식용유를 이용하여 생산한 바이오디젤과 경유의 기관성능을 비교한 결과 토크와 축출력의 경우 BD의 혼합량이 증가할수록 줄어들었다. 토크는 혼합된 유지에 따라 상용운전범위인 1500rpm~2400rpm에서 평균 대두와 카놀라유를 혼합하여 생산한 BD10은 7.2%, BD20은 12.1% 감소하였고, 대두와 해바라기유를 혼합하여 생산한 BD10은 11.3% BD20은 16.3% 감소하였다. 또한 해바라기와 카놀라유를 혼합하여 생산한 BD10은 8.3%, BD20은 14.6% 감소하였다. 이는 BD의 발열량이 경유에 비해 낮아 토크가 감소한 것으로 판단된다. 또한 배기배출물 평가의 경우 질소산화물은 BD의 함랑이 증가함에 따라 경유에 비해 배출량이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, 이산화탄소는 저감되는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 바이오디젤이 함산소연료이므로, 연료내의 산소로 인해 완전연소를 촉진시켜 이산화탄소를 저감시키고 질소산화물은 증가된 것으로 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 1999.04a
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• pp.151-152
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• 1999

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.41-46
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• 2018

In this research, numerical analysis was performed to determine the effects of hydrogen on biogas combustion for homogeneous charged compression ignition (HCCI) engines. The target engine specifications were a 2300cc displacement volume, 13:1 compression ratio, 15kW of electricity, and 1.2 bar boost pressure. The engine speed was fixed to 1800rpm. By varying the excess air ratio and hydrogen contents, the cylinder pressure, nitric oxide, and carbon dioxide were measured as a function of the hydrogen contents. According to preliminary studies related to the reaction mechanism for methane combustion and oxidation, a GRI 3.0 mechanism as the base mechanism was selected for HCCI combustion calculations describing the detailed reaction mechanism. By adding hydrogen, NO was increased while $CO_2$ was decreased. The cylinder pressure was also increased, having advanced timing for the maximum cylinder pressure and pressure rise region. Furthermore, lean operation limits were extended by adding hydrogen to the HCCI engine.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.21-38
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• 2020

Currently, in-port emissions are a serious problem in port cities. However, emissions, especially non-greenhouse gases, from the operation of cargo handling equipment (CHE) have received significant attention from scientific circles. This study estimates the amount of emissions from on-land port diesel-powered CHE in the Port of Incheon. With real-time activity data provided by handling equipment operating companies, this research applies an activity-based approach to capture an up-to-date and reliable diesel-powered CHE emissions inventory during 2017. As a result, 105.6 tons of carbon monoxide (CO), 243.2 tons of nitrogen oxide (NOx), 0.005 tons of sulfur oxide (Sox), 22.8 tons of particulate matter (PM), 26.0 tons of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and 0.2 tons of ammonia (NH3) were released from the landside CHE operation. CO and NOx emissions are the two primary air pollutants from the CHE operation in the Port of Incheon, contributing 87.71% of the total amount of emissions. Cranes, forklifts, tractors, and loaders are the four major sources of pollution in the Port of Incheon, contributing 84.79% of the total in-port CHE emissions. Backward diesel-powered machines equipped in these CHE are identified as a key cause of pollution. Therefore, this estimation emphasizes the significant contribution of diesel CHE to port air pollution and suggests the following green policies should be applied: (1) replacement of old diesel powered CHE by new liquefied natural gas and electric equipment; (2) the use of NOx reduction after-treatment technologies, such as selective catalytic reduction in local ports. In addition, a systematic official national emission inventory preparation method and consecutive annual in-port CHE emission inventories are recommended to compare and evaluate the effectiveness of green policies conducted in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2010

In this study, we experimentally investigated a compression ignition engine operated with Bio-diesel blended LPG fuel. In particular, the performance, emissions characteristics (including total hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxides emissions), and combustion stability of a CI engine fueled with Bio-diesel blended LPG fuel were examined at 1500 rpm. The percentage of Bio-diesel in the fuel blend ranged from 20-60%. The results showed that stable engine operation was possible for a wide range of engine loads up to 40% Bio-diesel by mass. When the Bio-diesel content was increased, leading to a decrease in the lower heating value of the blended fuel, the cetane value increased, resulting in a advanced start of heat release. Exhaust emission measurements showed that THC and CO emissions were increased when using the blended fuel at low engine speeds due to partial burn from over-mixing. NOx emission was emitted less at lower loads and more at higher loads.