• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.137-145
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• 1989

The aim of this investigation was to study the effect of orthodontic force on the flow of gingival crevicular fluid and activities of arylsulfatase and brta-glucuronidase in crevicular fluid. The material consisted of 12 persons between the ages of 13 years and 22 years and all were categorized Class I, 4-4 extraction cases Crevicular fluids were sampled from distal crevis of each canine before treatment (phase 1), after bracketing (phase 2), after application of force (phase 3) and after run out of orthodontic force (phase 4). Crevicular fluid flow did not show any significant changes during the period of treatment. The activities of arylsulfatase increased significantly after setting of orthodontic appliance without application of force, but did not show any significant difference after application of force. The activities of beta-glucuronidase increased significantly after application of orthodontic force and decreased with force deminished. These indicated that beta-glucuronidase was good indicator of bone remodelling resulted from initial orthodontic force.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.409-415
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• 2005

Impaction of permanent incisor occurs rare than the canine & third molar. But it's often observed in school age child. The causes of impaction are trauma, space deficiency, mesiodens, infections of root apex, etc. In spite of elimination of cause, normal eruption of impacted tooth is rare. Though eruption is normal, the position of tooth will be incorrect. Because the impacted tooth results in malocclusion, root resorption of adjacent tooth, pathologic cystic change, it should be confirmed the precise position by clinical and radiographic exam and found the correct location by appropriate treatment plan. In case of pathologic change of impacted tooth and injury to adjacent tooth, it will be extracted. But through orthodontic retraction, the function and esthetics of tooth can be restored. It is important that impacted tooth should be detected early and diagnosed correctly, and appropriate treatment plan should be made. Before impacted tooth is retracted, the considerations of space for alignment and anchorage should be preceded and through appropriate force and mechanics, the side effects, for example, a root resorption should be minimized. In this study, we guided impacted tooth to normal position by using a forced eruption.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.97-104
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• 1997

of $PLC-\gamma$ 1 activity. Results : In the immunohistochemistry, the expression of $PLC-\beta$ was negative for all grnups. The expression of $PLC-\gamma$ 1 was highest in the group III followed by group II in the proliferative zone of mucosa. The expression of PKC-01 was strong1y positive in group I followed by group II in the damaged surface epithelium. The above findings were also confirmed in the immunoblotting study. In the irnrnunoblotting study, the expressions of $PLC-\beta,\;PLC-\gamma\;1,\;and\;PLC-\delta$ were the same as the results of immunohistochemistry The expression of ras oncoprotein was weakly Positive in groups II, III and IV. The of EGFR was the highest in the group II, III, followed by group W and the expression of PKC was weakly positive in the group II and III. Conclusion : $PLC-\gamma$ 1 mediated signal transduction including ras oncoprotein, EGFR, and PKC play a significant role irL mucosal regeneration after irradiation. $PLC-\delta$ 1 mediated signal transduction might have an important role in mucosal damage after irradiation. Further studies will be necessary to confirm the signal transduction mediating the $PLC-\delta$ 1.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.497-504
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• 2010

The treatment of Class II non-extraction cases, especially when premolar space is lost due to premature loss of the deciduous molars, usually requires distal movement of the maxillary molars. The Jones jig appliance is a non-compliant intraoral appliance and is effective for the distalization of the maxillary molars. It has unfavorable side-effects, however, so caution is needed to adjust the appliance and select appropriate cases. We reported four cases in which maxillary molar distalizations were concomitant with the alignment of palatally erupted premolars.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2011.02a
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• pp.265-267
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• 2011

저온 대기압 플라즈마는 21세기에 들어 생의학 분야에 이용될 수 있는 새로운 도구로서 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 대기압 플라즈마는 고가의 진공 장비를 필요로 하지 않고 저전력 구동이 가능하기 때문에 저비용 구동이 가능하고 방전 장치와 전력공급 장치의 소형화에 매우 유리하다. 특히 저온 대기압 플라즈마는 고온의 전자와 저온의 이온 입자가 공존하는 열적 불평형(thermal non-equilibrium) 상태에 있기 때문에 플라즈마의 저온 특성은 유지하면서도 (${\sim}30^{\circ}C$) 물리/화학적 반응성은 매우 높아 그 응용 분야가 매우 넓다. 플라즈마의 다양한 생의학 분야 응용 가운데 세포의 사멸 유발 또는 생장 촉진, 살균/멸균, 지혈, 상처 치유 등에 저온 대기압 플라즈마가 매우 뛰어난 효능을 보인다는 것이 국내외의 다양한 연구를 통해 밝혀지고 있다 [1]. 20 kHz 정현파로 구동되는 플라즈마 장치를 이용한 암 세포 제거 실험에서 플라즈마 처리 효과를 증대시키기 위해 항체-금나노입자 중합체를 암 세포에 주입시켰다 (그림 1(a)). 그 결과 세포의 사멸율은 74%로서 플라즈마 또는 플라즈마-금나노입자만을 처리한 경우에 비하여 사멸율이 매우 높게 나타났다 (그림 1(b)). 이를 통해 암세포 선택성을 가진 항체-금나노입자 중합체와 플라즈마 처리 기술을 융합한 암 세포의 선택적 사멸 유발 기술의 개발 가능성이 열렸다. 또한 플라즈마 처리를 통해 일어나는 세포의 자멸사 기작이 Cytochrome C의 방출 이후 이어지는 Caspase-3의 활성화 경로와 관계가 있음이 밝혀졌다 (그림 1(c)). 치아 미백은 최근 부상하고 있는 저온 대기압 플라즈마의 새로운 응용 분야이다 [5-6]. 대기압에서 동작하는 헬륨 플라즈마 제트를 미백제(과산화수소)와 함께 발치된 치아에 적용하였을 때 (그림 2(a)) 미백제만을 사용하였을 경우에 비해 치아의 색상 변화가 2배 이상 크게 나타나는 것을 확인하였다 (그림 2(b)). 이처럼 최근 그 범위가 크게 넓어지고 있는 저온 대기압 플라즈마의 생의학 응용 기술의 최적화를 위해서는, 다양한 생의학 응용 분야에 따라 요구되는 플라즈마의 특성 및 응용별 기저 기 작에 대한 이해와 연구가 필요하다.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.290-298
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate surface morphology and resin tag penetration of resin infiltration into primary anterior teeth after enamel deproteinization with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) prior to phosphoric acid ($H_3PO_4$) etching. Ninety primary anterior teeth with non-cavitated caries lesion were devided five groups according to enamel pretreatment as follows, group I-15% hydrochloric acid (HCl) 2min. ; group II-5.25% NaOCl 1min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 1min. ; group III-5.25% NaOCl 2min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 1min. ; group IV-5.25% NaOCl 1min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 2min. ; group V-5.25% NaOCl 2min., 35% $H_3PO_4$ 2min. Fifteen teeth were examined etched surface structure using field emission-scanning electron microscope. Seventy five teeth were infiltrated with resin, maximum penetration depth and percentage penetration were analysed using dual fluorescence confocal microscopy. As the application time of NaOCl increased, ratio of enamel type I, II were increased. Percentage penetration (PP) was higher in group V than group II, III (p < 0.05). PP of group IV, V did not show any differences. Non-cavitated caries of primary anterior teeth can be treated with resin infiltration. Enamel deproteinization with NaOCl prior to 35% $H_3PO_4$ etching could be an alternative of 15% HCl etching in resin infiltration.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2011

Garre's osteomyelitis is associated with bacterial infection and bone necrosis resulting from obstruction of blood supply. The most common cause for Garre's osteomyelitis is odontogenic infection that originates from periodontal tissue or dental pulp. Subperiosteal abscess may also cause Garre's osteomyelitis in the progress of the infection. Mandible is more often affected than maxilla, most commonly in the permanent first molar region of mandible. Clinically, it results in a hard swelling over the jaw, producing facial asymmetry. Meanwhile, radiograph shows a characteristic feature of irregular pulpal cavity, showing new periosteal proliferation located in successive layers to the condensed cortical bone on stimulated site. The treatment method for Garre's osteomyelitis are removal of the infection source, root canal treatment, antibiotic medication, and incision and drainage. This report presents a case of Garre's osteomyelitis under 15 years old. The patient was successfully treated by antibiotic medication accompanied with root canal treatment. Since the symptom of pediatric patients is less severe than adult, careful diagnosis with history taking and clinical examination is necessary. Furthermore long-term follow-up examination is needed to prevent recurrence even after the symptom disapears.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.409-420
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• 2023

The purpose of this study is to analyze trends in the prevalence of dental caries and demand for dental caries treatment among children under 14 years old using Health Insurance Review and Assessment data. The analysis was conducted using treatment records from a random sample of approximately 1 million pediatric patients from a population that included all children and adolescents for each year from 2011 to 2020. In this study, the number of children diagnosed with K02 dental caries and the number of children receiving dental caries treatment across all ages have increased. However, the number of children aged 10 to 14 who received pulp treatment or extraction has decreased. In the National Survey of Children's Oral Health, the decay-missing-filled teeth index for 5- and 12-year-olds has stagnated or increased slightly, but the percentage of the population with active dental caries has decreased. Accessibility and local environments for dental caries treatment have generally improved compared to the past, but preventive dental care has stagnated over the past decade. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of oral health programs implemented in Korea to promote and prevent dental caries among children.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.580-585
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• 2009

Pediatric dentists often meet children with abnormal in number of tooth. Presence of supernumerary teeth is frequent cause of malocclusion. Etiology for supernumerary teeth is not yet clearly defined, but it is thought to be caused by excessive proliferation of dental lamina by hereditary and environmental factors. Supernumerary teeth occur in the maxilla nine times more frequently than in the mandible. Most common supernumerary tooth is the mesiodens in the maxilla, and some are observed in the maxillary molar and mandibular premolar. It occurs rarely in the mandibular incisor region with the incidence of 1-2% among all supernumerary teeth. A six-year old boy visited the department of the pediatric dentistry, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, with the chief complaint of crowded supernumerary teeth on the mandibular incisor region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed six permanent mandibular incisors similar in size, shape, and length. Further investigation using computed tomography(CT) was proceeded on the mandible to measure and compare morphologic features and positions of the six incisors. Then, we decided to remove two incisors which were already erupted. Periodic check-up was followed to monitor the dental development and spontaneous positional enhancement of the remaining four incisors in the mandible.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.267-275
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• 2023

To obtain better esthetic results when immediately placing a dental implant, the soft tissue surrounding the implant must be conditioned during healing of the extraction socket. To this end, the emergence profile can be customized through immediate restoration of the provisional prosthesis, and good clinical results can be obtained at the time of definitive restoration in the future, resulting in high patient satisfaction. In this case, horizontal root fracture occurred after trauma to both maxillary central incisors. Immediate implant placement and loading was planned considering aesthetics and alveolar bone condition. By taking an impression using a digital intraoral scanner, a digital diagnostic wax-up was performed to make a more aesthetic prosthesis without applying external force to the traumatized teeth. Based on this, the ideal placement location was determined and immediate implant placement was performed using a 3D printed surgical guide. The provisional prosthesis was restored 5 days after placement, and the definitive zirconia crown was restored through soft tissue conditioning and customization using the shape of the provisional prosthesis for 3 months.