• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.43 no.4
• /
• pp.298-303
• /
• 2007

Antithrombotic activities of water extract of cheongkookjang and cheongkookjang fermented with green tea or mugwort were evaluated on some antithrombosis related activities in vitro and thrombotic death inhibition in vivo. Cheongkookjang made of white soybean (Glycine max) or black small soybean (Rhynchosia nulubilis) showed potent antioxidative activities. Addition of green tea or mugwort during cheongkookjang fermentation increased the antioxidative activity, cheongkookjang with green tea showed more drastic increase compared with cheongkookjang with mugwort. Nitrite scavenging effects of the cheongkookjang extracts were prominent but the addition of green tea or mugwort seldom increased the scavenging effects. All the cheongkookjang extracts showed strong inhibitory activities on platelet aggregation. The inhibitory activities of cheongkookjang were increased considerably by addition of green tea or mugwort even with low concentration. Plasmin unit as fibrinolytic activity was not affected considerably by addition of green tea. Addition of mugwort decreased the activity transiently at low concentration ($0.3{\sim}1.0%$) but increased again slowly at higher concentration ($1{\sim}3%$). In vitro thrombotic death inhibition test, the antithrombotic activity of cheongkookjang made of black small bean with green tea was higher by about 1.5 times compared to that without green tea. As results, cheongkookjang might inhibit antithrombosis not only by fibrinolytic action but also by inhibition of platelet aggregation and antioxidative action. The addition of functional materials such as green tea or mugwort could increase the antithrombotic function, even at low concentration.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.91-101
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of obesity on the expression of autophagy-related proteins in cardiac muscle. To this end, obesity was induced in rats through 20 weeks of high-fat diet, and the animals were then subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill exercise. Subsequently, the expression of proteins that regulate the induction of autophagy, formation of autophagosome, and fusion of autophagosome and lysosome was confirmed. Obesity was induced in the experimental animals (SD rats) through 20 weeks of high-fat diet (carbohydrate: 20%, fat: 60%, and protein: 20%), and they were subsequently subjected to 8 weeks of treadmill exercise (5 days/week, 30 min/day, 5 minutes; 8m/min, 5 minutes; 11m/min, 20 minutes; 14m/min). The experimental groups comprised the normal diet control group (ND-CON, n=10), high-fat diet comparison group (HFD-CON, n=10), and high-fat exercise group (HFD-TE, n=10). Oral glucose tolerance test was conducted before and after 8 weeks of treadmill exercise, and the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Through fasting insulin and fasting glucose levels, HOMA-IR, which is an index of insulin resistance, and abdominal visceral fat/body weight (AVF/BW) were calculated for comparison. Moreover, autophagy-related proteins were analyzed from cardiac tissue to investigate the effects of exercise training. Obesity was successfully induced in the HFD-CON group through long-term high-fat diet, and the HFD-CON group had higher body weight, AUC, HOMA-IR, and AVF/BW compared to the ND-CON group. The HFD-TE group, which underwent 8 weeks of treadmill exercise, showed improvements in AUC, HOMA-IR, and AVF/BW. Although the body weight tended to decrease as well, there was no statistically significant difference. mTOR and AMPK, which are involved in the induction of autophagy, both decreased in obesity but increased upon exercise. Beclin-1, BNIP3, ATG-7, p62, and LC3, which are related to the formation of autophagosomes, all increased in obesity and decreased after exercise. Cathepsin L and LAMP2, which regulate the fusion of autophagosome and lysosome, both decreased in obesity and increased upon exercise. Physical activity, including treadmill exercise, was found to induce normal autophagy and improve pathological phenomena observed in metabolic diseases. Therefore, the findings suggest the need to consider treadmill exercise as a primary means to achieve effective prevention and treatment of cardiac diseases.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.31 no.9
• /
• pp.867-872
• /
• 1998

Background: The fixed dose regimen with activated coagulation time(ACT) is the most commonly employed method for determining the required dosage of heparin and protamine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB). Material and Method: We performed a prospective study on a fixed dose regimen for analyzing adequate dosages of heparin and protamine, the incidence of heparin resistance and heparin-induced thrombocyt openia, factors affecting ACT during CPB, and changes of ACT during aprotinin usage. 300 units/kg of heparin were administered to patients, and ACTs were measured after 5 mins. ACTs were checked at 10 mins and 30 mins after the onset of CPB, and then at 30 min intervals thereafter. If the measured ACT was under 400 secs, we added 100 units/kg of heparin. The heparin was reversed with 1 mg of protamine for each 100 units administered. If the measured ACT was longer than 130 secs 30 mins after protamine administration or if there was definitive evidence of a coagulation defect, we administered a further 0.5 mg/kg of protamine. Result: We studied 80 patients(50 adults and 30 children) who underwent open heart surgery(OHS) at Seoul National University Hospital. Preoperative ACT was 114.3${\pm}$19.3 secs in adults, and 119.5${\pm}$18.2 secs in children. There were no differences in preoperative ACT due to age, body weight, body surface area, or sex. The preoperative ACT was not influenced by a positive past history of OHS. Ten adults(20%) and 3 pediatric patients(10%) needed additional doses of heparin to maintain the ACT above 400 secs. Additional protamine administration was needed in 9 adults(18%) and 10 children(33%). Heparin resistance was found in only two adults. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia was detected in 2 adults and 1 child. During CPB, ACT was prolonged. 12 adult patients received a low dose of aprotinin and showed longer celite activated ACT compared to the control group.The kaolin activated ACT showed a lower tendency than the celite activated ACT in aprotinin users. Conclusion: In conclusion, fixed dose regimen of heparin and protamine can be used without significant problems, but the incidence of need of additional dosage remains unsatisfactory.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.120-123
• /
• 2007

The typical double-barrier magnetic tunnel junction (DMTJ) structure examined in this paper consists of a Ta 45/Ru 9.5/IrMn 10/CoFe7/$AlO_x$/free layer/AlO/CoFe 7/IrMn 10/Ru 60 (nm). The free layer consists of an $Ni_{16}Fe_{62}Si_8B_{14}$ 7 nm, $Co_{90}Fe_{10}$ (fcc) 7 nm, or CoFe $t_1$/NiFeSiB $t_2$/CoFe $t_1$ layer in which the thicknesses $t_1$ and $t_2$ are varied. The DMTJ with an NiFeSiB-free layer had a tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of 28%, an area-resistance product (RA) of $86\;k{\Omega}{\mu}m^2$, a coercivity ($H_c$) of 11 Oe, and an interlayer coupling field ($H_i$) of 20 Oe. To improve the TMR ratio and RA, a DMTJ comprising an amorphous NiFeSiB layer that could partially substitute for the CoFe free layer was investigated. This hybrid DMTJ had a TMR of 30%, an RA of $68\;k{\Omega}{\mu}m^2$, and a of 11 Oe, but an increased of 37 Oe. We confirmed by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy that increased as the thickness of NiFeSiB decreased. When the amorphous NiFeSiB layer was thick, it was effective in retarding the columnar growth which usually induces a wavy interface. However, if the NiFeSiB layer was thin, the roughness was increased and became large because of the magnetostatic $N{\acute{e}}el$ coupling.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.50 no.12
• /
• pp.40-48
• /
• 2013

This paper presents multi-channel transimpedance amplifier(TIA) arrays in short-range LADAR systems for unmanned vehicles, by using a 0.18um CMOS technology. Two $4{\times}4$ channel TIA arrays including a voltage-mode INV-TIA and a current-mode CG-TIA are introduced. First, the INV-TIA consists of a inverter stage with a feedback resistor and a CML output buffer with virtual ground so as to achieve low noise, low power, easy current control for gain and impedance. Second, the CG-TIA utilizes a bias from on-chip bandgap reference and exploits a source-follower for high-frequency peaking, yielding 1.26 times smaller chip area per channel than INV-TIA. Post-layout simulations demonstrate that the INV-TIA achieves 57.5-dB${\Omega}$ transimpedance gain, 340-MHz bandwidth, 3.7-pA/sqrt(Hz) average noise current spectral density, and 2.84mW power dissipation, whereas the CG-TIA obtains 54.5-dB${\Omega}$ transimpedance gain, 360-MHz bandwidth, 9.17-pA/sqrt(Hz) average noise current spectral density, and 4.24mW power dissipation. Yet, the pulse simulations reveal that the CG-TIA array shows better output pulses in the range of 200-500-Mb/s operations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2005.05b
• /
• pp.1317-1322
• /
• 2005

하수관거 설계시나 단지개발사업, 그리고 하수관거정비사업과 같이 오수처리시설의 적정 규모 결정을 위해서는 정확한 상수사용량 및 오수발생량 원단위가 요구되지만 국내의 경우 이러한 원단위에 대한 기초자료 부족과 자료의 신빙성 결여로 인해 적정 원단위를 결정하는데 어려움이 있다. 이러한 관점에서 단지개발이 이루어지는 도시에서는 도시의 규모, 입지조건, 기후조건, 생활양식 등 다양한 요인들이 고려된 오수발생패턴 및 발생량 조사가 필요하며, 조사된 원단위는 오수처리시설의 적정 규모 결정뿐 아니라 침입수/유입수 분석 및 하수관거정비에 대한 성과예측에도 활용될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 단지개발 및 하수관거정비사업이 진행중인 하남시의 표본이 될 수 있는 대표구역을 선정하고 그 지역에서 조사지역을 세부적으로 분류하여 각 지역별 오수발생특성을 분석하였다. 대상지역인 하남시는 총면적의 $97\%$가 자연녹지 및 생산녹지이며, 나머지 $3\%$는 일반주거지역 및 일반 상업지역으로 나뉜다. 그리고 도시계획상 공장지역으로 편성된 부분이 없어 앞으로도 하남시 대부분의 면적이 녹지와 주거/상업지역으로 구성될 것이다. 이러한 하남시의 특성을 고려하여 조사지역은 공장지역을 제외한 일반주거지역, 밀집주거지역, 영업지역으로 분류하였으며 이렇게 분류된 지역은 각각 오수발생패턴 및 오수농도에 대한 조사를 실시하여 오수발생특성을 분석하였고, 조사지역별 인구수 조사와 연계하여 원단위 자료를 추출하였다. 이렇게 조사된 자료들을 통해 침입수/유입수 분석에 요구되는 오수전환율, 야간생활하수량 비율을 산정하였으며, 차후 단지개발 및 관거정비 후에 발생하는 오수 발생특성과 비교분석을 통하여 하남시 지역의 오수발생특성에 대한 신뢰성 있는 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다. RMA2 모형을 이용하여 충주댐에서의 물의 흐름을 해석한 결과 옥순대교$\~$청풍대교 구간 사이에 댐 및 지형적 영향으로 인해 잘 발달된 와류가 하도 전체를 통하여 발생되고 있었고 이는 댐 부유물 정체현상이 나타나는 지점과 잘 일치하고 있었다.정함 후 감마분석에 의하여 구하였다. CF:CS 연령모델을 적용한 결과 깊이에 따른 supported $^{210}Pb$와 퇴적 속도는 0.91cm/year 인 것으로 산정 되었다.RS is a more advanced content-based image retrieval system than other systems which support only concepts or image features.방하는 것이 선계기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 밸브 개폐에 따른 수압 변화를 모의한 결과 밸브 개폐도를 적절히 유지하여 필요수량의 확보 및 누수방지대책에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.8R(mm)(r^2=0.84)$로 지수적으로 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. 유거수량은 토성별로 양토를 1.0으로 기준할 때 사양토가 0.86으로 가장 작았고, 식양토 1.09, 식토 1.15로 평가되어 침투수에 비해 토성별 차이가 크게 나타났다. 이는 토성이 세립질일 수록 유거수의 저항이 작기 때문으로 생각된다. 경사에 따라서는 경사도가 증가할수록 증가하였으며 $10\% 경사일 때를 기준으로 $Ro(mm)=Ro_{10}{\times}0.797{\times}e^{-0.021s(\%)}$로 나타났다.천성 승모판 폐쇄 부전등을 초래하는 심각한 선천성 심질환이다. 그러나 진단 즉시 직접 좌관상동맥-대동맥 이식술로 수술적 교정을 해줌으로써 좋은 성적을 기대할 수 있음을 보여주

• Journal of the Korean Vacuum Society
• /
• v.20 no.5
• /
• pp.339-344
• /
• 2011

The Ohmic contact of Ti/Au metals on n-type ZnO thin film deposited on c-plane sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition was investigated by TLM (transfer length method) patterns. The Ti/Au metal films with thickness of 35 nm and 90 nm were deposited by electron-beam evaporator and thermal evaporator, respectively. By using the photo-lithography method, the $100{\times}100{\mu}m^2$ TLM patterns with $6{\sim}61{\mu}m$ gaps were formed. To improve the electrical properties as well as to decrease an interface states and stress between metal and semiconductor, the post-annelaing process was done in oxygen ambient by rapid thermal annealing system at temperature of $100{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ for 1 min. In this study, it appeared that the minimum specific contact resistivity shows about $1.1{\times}10^{-4}{\Omega}{\cdot}cm^2$ in $300^{\circ}C$ annealed sample, which may be originated from formation of oxygen vacancies of ZnO during an oxidation of Ti metal at the interface of Ohmic contacts.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.88 no.4
• /
• pp.469-476
• /
• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the growth and physiological response of shade intolerant and intermediate tree seedlings to enhanced UV-$B_{BE}$(biologically effective UV-B) radiation. The seedlings of Betula platyphylla var. japonica Hara(shade intolerant species) and Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance(shade intermediate species) were treated with one of the three levels of UV-$B_{BE}$ dosages - ambient UV-$B_{BE}$, ambient+3.2, and ambient+$5.2\;KJ\;m^{-2}day^{-1}$) for 14 weeks in the field condition. Height and root collar diameter growth, leaf area, and biomass production of the seedlings of two species were reduced by enhanced UV-B radiation. Leaf stomatal resistance to water vapor of the F. rhynchophylla seedling was increased by the UV-B increment. The reductions in total chlorophyll and carotenoid were more apparent in the F. rhynchophylla than B. platyphylla seedling. There was no statistically significant changes in the concentration of UV-B absorbing compound($A_{300}$) in the leaves of the two species among the UV-B treatment. However the $A_{300}$ tented to be increased in F. rhynchophylla by enhanced UV-B radiation. These results indicate that the growth and the physiological and biochemical responses between B. platyphylla and F. rhynchophylla were different to enhanced UV-B environment.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2000

The recycled single crystal silicon wafers have been fabricated into solar cells. It can be a solution for the high cost in materials for solar cells and recycling of materials. So, p-type (100) single crystal silicon wafers with high resistivity of $10-14\;{\Omega}cm$ and the thickness of $650\;{\mu}m$ were used for the fabrication of solar cells. Optimistic conditions of formation of back surface field, surface texturing and anti-reflection coating were studied for getting high efficiency. In addition, thickness variation of solar cell was also studied for increase of efficiency. As a result, the solar cell with efficiency of 10% with a curve fill factor of 0.53 was fabricated with the wafers which have the area of $4\;cm^2$ and thickness of $300\;{\mu}m$. According to above results, recycling possibility of wasted wafers to single crystal silicon solar cells was confirmed.

• Clean Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.410-415
• /
• 2013

The supercapacitors were fabricated using silver (Ag) nano paste and activated carbon paste on the polyimide (PI) film and 5% potassium polyacrylate (PAAK) was used for gel electrolyte. In this paper, the current collector film and the electrode film were fabricated using screen printing. The thickness of printed silver paste was $7.3{\mu}m$ and the sheet resistance has the range of $5-7m{\Omega}/square$. An activated carbon with a surface area of $1,968m^2/g$, an electronic conducting agent (SUPER P, TIMCAL) and poly (4-vinylphenol) were mixed in 2-(2-buthoxyethoxy) ethyl acetate (BCA) with a ratio of 7:1:3 to fabricate the electrode paste. To analyze electrochemical characteristics, cyclic voltammetry was performed to evaluate the stability of the devices under the voltage range of -0.5-0.5 V. The calculated specific capacitances were 44.04 and 8.62 F/g for 10 and 500 mV/s scan rates, respectively.