• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.19-23
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• 1985

Soil temperature was higher in clear or blue polyethylene film and bare soil than in black or green polyethylene film and straw mulching. Light transmission was low in black, blue or green colored polyethylene film and straw mulching. Germination of weeds was generally high under clear polyethylene film but black polyethylene film inhibited the germination. Germination of Portulaca oleracea, Setaria viridis and Amaranthus retroflexus increased under blue polyethylene film but inhibition of germination was observed in Erigeron canadensis, Avena fatua, Chenopodium ablum, Digitaria sanguinalis and Echinochloa crusgalli. Green polyethylene film mostly inhibited germination of weeds except A, fatua, C. album and E. canadensis. The greatest number of weeds emerged was obtained in clear polyethylene film, next in bare soil but green or blue polyethylene film inhibited the emergence of weeds. However, no emergence of weeds was observed under black polyethylene film. The highest dry weight of weeds was obtained in clear polyethylene film, next in bare soil, but green or blue polyethylene film and straw mulching caused suppression of weed growth. No weeds were grown under black polyethylene film.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.156-164
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• 1987

Allelopathic activity of dominant upland weed species was determined using aqueous and methanol extracts and dried residues of the weeds. Germination and seedling growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) were greatly inhibited by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Artemisia asiatica Nakai and Portulaca oleracea L., respectively. Great phytotoxicity on both indicator plants occurred by 2% (w/v) aqueous extracts of Capsel/a bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik. A complete inhibition in germination and seedling growth of radish was caused by 2% (w/v) methanol extract of A. asiatica. There was about 90% inhibition in germination and seedling growth of sesame due to 2% (w/v) methanol extracts of A. asiatica, P. oleracea and Trifolium repens L. Phytotoxic effects varied with extract solution, weed species and indicator plants employed, indicating that the weed species contained different contents and kinds of allelopathic chemicals. Water potential and pH adjusted to those of the extracts did not affect germination and seedling growth of the indicator plants. Phytotoxicity increased with increasing concentration of the extracts obtained from four suspected alleopathic weeds. Soil-incorporated plant residues of A. asiatica and P. oleracea caused greater phytotoxicity on radish than those of C. bursa-pastoris and T. repens.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.131-140
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• 1995

This experiment was conducted to test the effect on germination and seedling growth of major industrial crops and weed control potential using alfalfa plant. When dried alfalfa residues were mixed into vermiculite, germination, length of shoot and root of crops, such as Perilla frutescens, Sorghum nevosum, Platycodon grandiflorum and weeds, Digitaria saguinalis, Setaria viridis, Siegesbechia pubescens, Ammaranthus lividus, and Solanum nigrum, were significantly inhibited as the dried residue concentration increased. More than 10% concentration of the dired residue caused 80% germination and growth inhibition. The fresh alfalfa exudation also inhibited the germination and seedling growth of crop, barley, rye, alfalfa, and sesame, and weeds, Echinochloa crus-galli, Siegesbechia viridis, and Portulaca oleracea. The degree of inhibition showed the different response according to the fresh exudation concentration, types of crops and weeds. Generally, as the exudation concentration increased, the germination and seedling growth of crops and weeds inhibited. The exudation of dried residue also exhibited the strong inhibition effect on germination and seedling growth of crops, alfalfa, Platycodon grandiflorum, barley, sesame, rye and weeds, D. sanguinalis, S. pubescens, S. viridis, P. oleracea, E. crus-galli, At the 10% concentrations, S. pubescens, and P. oleracea were not germinated and showed only 15% germination in the S. viridis. From this study, would conclude that alfalfa plant contained water soluble phytotoxic substances which were inhibitory to weeds and crops. This results suggest that alfalfa had some possibility to control some weed species using toxic compounds like natural herbicide.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.506-507
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• 2006

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.243-244
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• 2012

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.379-382
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• 2017

In March 2016, an isolate of Cucumber mosaic virus (named Gyp-CMV) was isolated from the Sambungai (Gynura procumbens) showing the symptoms of mosaic and chlorosis. The isolate Gyp-CMV was characterized by disease reactions in several indicator plants, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and sequence analysis of movement protein (3a) and coat protein (CP) genes. Tobacco, tomato, pepper, ground cherry, and lambsquarters (Chenopodium quinoa and C. amaranticolor) appeared typical CMV symptoms, but zucchini and cucumber were not infected. Phylogenetic analysis of the 3a and CP gene indicated that Gyp-CMV belongs to the CMV subgroup II. Sequence identities of the Gyp-CMV 3a and CP genes showed 99.3% and 100% to that of Hnt-CMV at amino acid level. To our knowledge, this is the first report of CMV infection in Gynura procumbens.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.19-24
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• 2001

14 kinds of perennial flower sods, including 10 Korean native wild perennial flowers such as Lychnis cognata, Achillea sibirica, Sedum spectabile, Sedum takesimense etc. were made with basal sheets of nonwoven fabric or jute fabric. Growth of plants planted on bark was better than that of planted on soil of open area. The plants planted on bark also showed difference in growth rate by the kinds of used basal sheets. In general, the growth of plants was good when nonwoven fabric was used as basal sheet instead of jute fabric. When jute fabric was used as basal sheet, It was severely decayed during growth period resulting in great decreasing of root sticking capacity to basal sheet. It was shown that the procumbent plants such as Tymus quinquecostatus, Ixeris stolonifera, Sedum oryzifolium, Sedum polystichoides having lower plant height and better ground coverage ability compared with upright plants such as Sedum spectabile and Aster glehni were more suitable for floral sod production.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.169-175
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• 2007

This experiment was carried out to compare weed occurrence and to evaluate the field performance of some leguminous plant species under no-weeding fallow condition during summer months from middle of June to middle of August. In 2005 and 2006, the first dominant weed species was Digitaria sanguinalis, and other major weed species, such as Cyperus amuricus, Portulaca oleracea, and Amaranthus retroflexus, were similar among treatments. In both years, total shoot dry weight of weeds was the highest In the control plot, and the lowest in the cowpea plot, indicating that cowpea most effectively suppressed the growth of weeds among treatments. When the growth of four different leguminous species were compared after seeding during middle of June in 2006, cowpea and rice bean grew vigorously under no-weeding condition during hot and humid summer months, while wild soybean and hairy vetch did not. Shoot dry weight was in the order of cowpea > rice bean > wild soybean > hairy vetch. In conclusion, cowpea is a leguminous species which can be used as a green manure cover crop during summer months under no-weeding and our climate condition. Further works are needed to use cowpea as a green cover crop during summer months for various cropping systems.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.175-182
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• 1994

The experiment was performed to investigate the effects of simulated acid rain of several pH levels (2.0, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0) on growth, injury, pigment compositions and leaf surface morphology of the seedlings of Amaranthus tricolor L. by foliar application. The growth of the tops and roots was markedly retarded below pH 3.0 and speck spots appeared on the leaf. Seven different peaks were detected by the absorption spectra of pigments of the leaf. But cv. Early splendor did not show the peaks at 473nm and 535nm, and nor did cv. Tricolor show the peaks at 476nm and 546nm. The pigment composition of leaves was affected by strong acid rain. As pH levels decreased, chlorophyll content increased. Leaf surface was eroded by acid rain, and leaf surface tissues were broken down and collapsed at the lower pH levels.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.45 no.3 s.144
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• pp.339-346
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• 2006

Total 90 species of medicinal plants were surveyed to see if they have any suppressive effects on the dinsity of M hapla at the exhibition field in the Chinan medicinal herbs experiment station. In 70 species including Achyranthes japonica, root-knot and/or egg sac of M. hapla was not found and these plants were planted in C. lanceolata field to check the degree of M. hapla infection. In 26 species including A. japonica, M. hapla infection was not observed. Simultaneously, 30 species were planted in pots to find out degree of infection by M. hapla. Dianthus chinensis, Rudbeckia bicolor, Sedum kantschaticum, Ricinus communis, Anemarrhena asphodeloides, Malva verticillate, Chelidonium majus, Sesamum indicum, Agrimonia pilosa, Geum aleppicum, Sanguisorba officinalis and Scrophularia buergeriana were free from infection. While the number of galls and density of M. hapla in soil were higher to high innoculation density, and the growth of C. lanceolata was rower.