• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.186-193
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• 2010

Track system and periodic live load are characteristics of railway bridges. In the design and construction of railway bridge, periodic live load increases the importance of dynamic behavior. And It is well known that behavior of railway bridge may be affected by track system in real bridge. Through experimental study, static and dynamic behaviors were investigated. Deflection and stress due to bending moment were measured, the location of neutral axis of each section, natural frequency, damping ratio were analyzed for each three track systems - girder only, installed ballast track system and installed concrete slab track system. According to measured values for the each type of track system, concrete track system increases the stiffness of bridge by 50%, and ballast system does by 7%, dynamic responses of structure change linearly with the magnitude of load and location of neutral axis of each sections varies with each track system. Damping ratio is almost equal without and with track. Therefore, the effects of track system on the integral behaviors of railway bridge can not be ignored in the design of bridge, especially in the case of concrete slab track system. So study of the quantitative analysis method for effects of track system must be performed.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.668-682
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• 2017

Alignments of railways recently constructed in Korea have been straightened due to the advent of high-speed rail, which means increasing the numbers of tunnels and bridges. Overbreak during tunnel construction may be unavoidable, and is very influential on overall stability. Over-excavation in tunneling is also one of the most important factors in construction costs. Overbreak problems around crown areas have decreased with improvements of excavation methods, but overbreak problems around bottom areas have not decreased because those areas are not very influential on tunnel stability compared with crown areas. The filling costs of 10 cm thickness of overbreak at the bottom of a tunnel are covered under construction costs by Korea Railway Authority regulations, but filling costs for more than the covered thickness are considered losses of construction cost. The filling material for overbreak bottoms of tunnels should be concrete, but concrete and mixed granular materials with fractured rock are also used for some sites. Tunnels in which granular materials with fractured rock are used may have a discontinuous section under the concrete slab track. The discontinuous section influences the propagation of waves generated from train operation. When the bottom of a tunnel is filled with only concrete material, the bottom of the tunnel can be considered as a continuous section, in which the waves generated from a train may propagate without reflection waves. However, a discontinuous section filled with mixed granular materials may reflect waves, which can cause resonance of vibration. The filled materials and vibration propagation characteristics are studied in this research. Tunnel bottom filling materials that have ratios of granular material to concrete of 5.0 %, 11.5 %, and 18.0 % are investigated. Samples were made and tested to determine their material properties. Static numerical analyses were performed using the FEM program under train operation load; test results were found to satisfy the stability requirements. However, dynamic analysis results show that some mixed ratios may generate resonance vibration from train operation at certain speeds.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.224-232
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• 2005

The use of the lung assist device (LAD) would be well suited for acute respiratory failure (ARF) patients, combining the simplicity of mechanical ventilation with the ability of extracoporeal membrane oxygenators (ECMO) to provide temporary relief for the natural lungs. This study's specific attention was focused on the effect of membrane vibration in the LAD. Quantitative experimental measurements were performed to evaluate the performance of the device, and to identify membrane vibration dependence on blood hemolysis. We tried to decide upon excited frequency band of limit hemolysis when blood hemolysis came to through a membrane vibration action. The excited frequency of the module type 5, consisted of 675 hollow fiber membranes, showed the maximum gas transfer rate. We concluded that the maximum oxygen transfer rate seemed to be caused by the occurrence of maximum amplitude and the transfer of vibration to hollow fiber membranes. It was excited up to $25{\pm}5$ Hz at each blood flow rate of module type 5. We found that this frequency became the 2nd mode resonance riequency of the flexible in blood flow. Blood hemolysis was low at the excited frequency of $25{\pm}5$ Hz. Therefore, we decided that limit hemolysis frequency of this LAD was $25{\pm}5$ Hz.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.354-360
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• 2002

The piezoelectric composites had many advantages in comparison with conventional piezoelectric ceramics and piezopolymers for ultrasonic transducers used in NDT and in medical ultrasionic imaging. The electromechanical coupling coefficient should be high and the acoustic impedance should be low in these applications. However, the cross-coupling with spurious oscillations caused by laterally running plate waves exhibited complex motions in the surface of piezoelectric composites with coarse lateral spatial scale. The thickness mode electromechanical coupling coefficient of 1-3type of piezoelectric compoistes were 0.36 to 0.64, and the acoustic impedance of them were 9.8 to 22.7 MRayl. The lateral resonance frequency of 1-3 type piezoelectric composites shifted to high frequency region with decreasing lateral spatial scale.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.33-41
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• 1998

The response characteristics of the PZT transducers during glass capillary breakage were studied at the epicenter of the glass plate. The PZT transducers had been made by using EC-65 PZT ceramics(supplied by Edo co.) with a constant area and a various thickness. The theoretical displacement and velocity at the epicenter of glass plate with an air boundary condition were calculated by assuming the point load of 1N force strength and a rise time of 280 ns with a ramped functional dependence, and the 1st pulses of the PZT transducer may be considered as the vertical velocity incident on the electrode of the PZT ceramic. The responses of the PZT transducer may be depended on the thickness mode of the PZT ceramic below 0.33 in the ratio of the thickness to the diameter of PZT ceramic, but the reponse of the PZT transducer may be depended on the other modes of PZT transducer in the addition of the thickness mode of the PZT ceramic above 0.33. The full time of half maximum at the 1st pulse was nearly 280 ns without a variation of applied breakage load and the resonant frequency of the PZT transducer, and then may be considered as the rise time of a AE source. The maximum amplitude of the 1st pulse depended on the incident vertical velocity and capacitance of the PZT transducer. Therefore, the full time of half maximum and maximum amplitude of the 1st pulse may be considered as the rise time and strength of acoustic emission source respectively.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.06c
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• pp.449-454
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• 1998

전립선 비대증 및 각종 고형암 조직을 제거하기 위해 이용되는 고강도 집속형 초음파 시스템은 초음파의 조직에 대한 열 효과를 이용한다. 이 경우 수MPa의 고 압력 초음파를 사용하기 때문에 수술시 초음파에 의한 조직내의 공동 현상이 수반되고 이로 인해 초음파의 집속 효과가 감소하게 된다. 본 논문에서는 초음파 공동 현상을 억제하기 위하여 초음파의 주파수 특성을 고려하였다. 초음파의 크기는 일정하게 유지하면서 증가하는 주파수로 변조된 초음파와 비선형 고저파 (nonlinear harmonics) 성분을 포함한 왜곡된 초음파에 대한 기포의 반응을 Gilmore 기포 모델을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 초음파의 주파수 변조는 10 $\mu\textrm{s}$ 동안 초기 주파수 1 MHz부터 시작하여 7 MHz까지 선형적으로 증가하도록 하였다. 파형을 왜곡시키는 고저파 성분의 크기는 주파수에 역 비례 하도록 하였다. 초음파의 기본 주파수는 1 MHz로 하였고, 압력은 0.1 MPa과 1 MPa의 두 경우를 고려하였다. 초기 기포의 반경은 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$으로 하였고, 기포 주위의 유체는 물로 가정하였다. 시뮬레이션 결과로부터, 주파수를 변조시키거나 파형을 왜곡시킨 초음파에 대한 기포의 진동은, 동일한 압력의 정현파에 대한 경우 보다 작은 것으로 나타났다. 주파수 변조된 초음파에 반응한 기포의 진동은 압력이 낮을 때 (0.1 MPa), 변조된 주파수가 기포의 공진 주파수인 3 MHz 부근에서 최대치를 보이다가 이후 급격히 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 반면, 압력이 높아지면 (1 MPa) 기포의 진동은 주파수의 증가와 함께 감소하다가 3 MHz 이상으로 변조 될 경우, 유의한 변화를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과는 초음파의 적절한 주파수 성분 조절로 초음파 공동 현상을 일정 수준 억제할 수 있음을 시사한다. 고려가 수반되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 다음 내용을 정리해 보고자 한다.리해 보고자 한다.rc$ 구입할 때 중점적으로 살펴보는 사항은 신선도와 순수재래종 여부, 위생상태였다. 한편 소비자가 언제나 구입할 수 없다는 의견이 85.2%나 되어 원활한 공급과 시장조성이 아직 정착되지 않고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 현재 유통되고 있는 재래종닭은 소비자 대부분이 잡종으로 인식하고 있었으며, 재래종과 일반육계와의 구별은 깃털색, 피부색, 정강이색등 외관상으로 구별하고 있었다. 체중에 대한 반응은 너무 작다는 의견이었고, 식품으로의 인식도는 비교적 고급식품으로 인식하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종닭고기의 브랜드화에 대한 견해는 젊고 소득이 높은 계층에서 브랜드화의 필요성을 강조하고 있다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 소비형태는 대부분의 소비자가 좋아하였으나 아직 먹어보지 못한 응답자가 많았다. 재래종달걀의 맛에 대해서는 고소하고 독특하여 차별성을 느끼고 있었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입장소는 계란판매점(축협.농협), 슈퍼, 백화점, 재래닭 사육 농장등 다양하였으며 포장단위는 10개를 가장 선호하였고, 포장재료는 종이, 플라스틱, 짚의 순으로 좋아하였다. $\bigcirc$ 달걀의 가격은 200원정도를 적정하다고 하였으며, 크기는 (평균 52g)는 가장 적당하다고 인식하고 있으며, 난각색은 대부분의 응답자가 갈색을 선호하였다. $\bigcirc$ 재래종달걀의 구입시 애로사항은 믿을수 없고, 구입장소를 몰라서, 값이 싸다 등이었고, 앞으로 신뢰할 수 있고 위생적인 생산 및 유통체계가 확립될 경우 더 많이 소비하겠다는 의견이었다. $\bigcirc$ 재래닭 판매업소(식당)의 판매형태는 66.7%인 대부분

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.258-263
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• 1995

미래 정보와 시대에서 중추적인 역할을 할 광관련 멀티미디어 장비들은 최근 관련 산업계에서 주목을 받기 시작하고 있고 특히 기존 VTR(Video Tape Recorder) 시장을 대체할 차세대 DVDR(Digital Video Disk Recorder)는 기술전쟁이라고 할 정도로 선진 기업의 연구가 치열해지고 있다. DVDR 시스템에서는 필요한 정보들을 레이저빔을 이용한 광학신호로 바꾸어 광디스크에 기록, 재생하는 광픽업이 절대적으로 필요하게 된다. 그런데 광픽업의 위치추종기구인 Actuator는 정확한 위치추종(.+-.1.$\mu$m 오차이내)을 할 수 있는 성능이 요구되며 서보의 특성상 20KHz 이하에서 불필요한 모우드가 가진되지 않는 정밀부품이어야 하므로 Actuator 각 부품의 동적인 특성을 명확히 규명할 필요가 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우선 Actuator 각 부품과 가동부 전체의 중량 및 진동해석을 통해 동특성을 조사하였다. 그리고 Actuator의 중요한 기본성능중 하나인 구동감도 확보여부를 검토할 필요가 있기 때문에 유한요소법 프로그램인 ANSYS를 이용하여 자기회로 부분에 대한 해석을 구하였다. 또한 가동부와 자기회로 등 하위부품을 조립하는 과정에서 발생하는 조립오차로 인해 불필요한 공진과 회전형상이 야기될 수 있으므로 동특성 및 문제점 파악을 위한 민감도 분석이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가동부의 관성 모멘트 값과 강체에 대한 일반식을 이용한 자체 프로그램을 작성하여 조립공차를 구하였다. 이와같은 과정을 통해 구해진 설계값을 바탕으로 실제 제작된 Actuator에 대해서는 비접촉식 측정방법을 통해 동특성값을 측정하였고 이를 해석값과 상호 비교하였다.동강성행렬법(dynamic stiffness matrix method)을 이용하여 해석하고자 한다. 수준임이 입증되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로우리나라 젊고 건강한 남성에게 적합한 무게상수는 작업자군에 대하여 25.05kg, 학생군에 대하여 20.24kg 으로 나타나 이는 미국 NIOSH 안전기준과 대체로 일치함을 발견하였다.ive structures utilized in Client/server architecture for distribution and cooperative processing of application between server and client this study presents two different data management methods under the Client/server environment; one is "Remote Data Management Method" which uses file server or database server and. the other is "Distributed Data Management Method" using distributed database management system. The result of this study leads to the conclusion that in the client/server environment although distributed application is assumed, the data could become centralized (in the case of file server or database server) or decentralized (in the case of distributed

• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.522-528
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• 2011

Artificial basilar membranes made of PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) are manufactured using microfabrication processes. The mechanical behavior of PVDF artificial basilar membrane was measured to evaluate its performance as a mechanical frequency analyzer using scanning LDV(laser Doppler vibrometer). The experimental setup consists of the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane, a loud speaker connected to an amplifier for generating acoustic pressure of specific spectral pattern, and a scanning LDV with controlling unit for measuring the displacement of the membrane on the incoming acoustic stimulation. The microfabricated artificial basilar membrane was attached tightly upon a package containing a chamber which can be filled with silicone oil before placed on the experimental setup stage. The experiment results showed that the microfabricated artificial basilar membrane has a property as a mechanical frequency analyzer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.476-484
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• 2010

Recently, as the piezoelectric transformer technology develops, piezoelectric transformer may become a variable alternative to magnetic transformers in various applications. Because it was have to favorable characteristics such as electromagnetic-noise free, compact size, higher efficiency, and superior power density, linkage flux, noiseless, etc. its resonance frequency was used to output waveform of a sine wave. In this paper, the switching mode power supply of about 87.2[KHz] is driven by the multilayer thickness vibration mode piezoelectric transformer and the DC to DC converter drive circuit using an electrical equivalent circuit is proposed. Also, it was possible to drive power source device of the high-luminance LED by propose circuits.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1370-1378
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• 2007

High speed railway bridge is affected on safety of bridge by dynamic amplification effect, when dynamic response of bridge is equal to effect cycle load for rolling stock axle according to high speed operation train. And excessive deformation of structure has negative effect on operation safety of train and comfort of passenger due to fluctuation of wheel load by torsion of track etc. and decrease of contact force on vehicle wheel-rail. To ensure the safety of track and train operation safety, it is have to perform the study on resonance and deformation of structure. That criteria and requirement of railway bridge is limitation of vertical acceleration on deck for dynamic behavior of structure, contact of vehicle wheel and rail, limitation of face distortion and rotation angle of end deck, and limitation of vertical displacement by train. Unlike KYEONGBU High Speed Railway, New constructed HONAM High Speed Railway have to applied the new requirement for dynamic behavior safety according to change of condition which is type of ballast (slab ballast), interval of track, and actual rolling stock load. Therefore, in this paper, it was conformed the dynamic characteristic due to parameter, which related with above mentioned criteria, for steel composite bridges.