• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.65-69
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• 1998

To determine the amount of total bromide as 2-bromoethanol, the domestic agricultural products such as rice, barley, carrot, cucumber, apple, tomato, squash, green pepper, melon, strawberry, grape, peach, potato and celery were analyzed by GC/MSD as well as GC/ECD. The bromide was detected in most of the domestic samples and the highest bromide residue determined was 13.2 ppm in barley. The imported agricultural products including melon, kiwi, lemon, pineapple, banana, orange and grape were also analyzed for the bromide. The bromide was also detected in most of the imported ones and the highest bromide residue determined was 12.3 ppm in pineapple. In addition, the bromide residue in instant noodle spices was monitored for 4 years, recently. As results, in 1994, the bromide content was in the range of non-detection to 2.4 ppm (average 1.1 ppm) from 22 out of 24 samples; in 1995, the bromide content was 1.0 and 2.2 ppm from 2 out of 37 samples; in 1996, the bromide content was in the range of 0.7 to 37 ppm (average 12.4 ppm) from all 11 samples; and in 1997, the bromide content was in the range of 0.2 to 4.6 ppm (average 1.2 ppm) from all 59 samples. However, none of sample analyzed for the bromide was exceeded Maximum Residue Limit(s) of Korea and Codex in these survey.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.401-405
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• 2011

The efficient removal of bromate ($BrO_3^-$) from aqueous solutions was investigated using activated alumina. Bromate is a disinfection by-product, generally formed by the reaction of ozone and bromide in drinking water during ozonation process. The removal efficiency was about 90% for bromate (500 ng/mL) ion with acidic activated alumina but over 95% with silver or aluminum treated acidic activated alumina without any treatments of neutral water within 1~2 min.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.403-407
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• 1975

The rate constant for the $N_2H_4-Br_2$ reaction has been measured in sulfuric acid media by direct mixing method and chronopotentiometric method. The former gave 105 mole-1 l sec-1 whereas the latter 103 mole-1 l sec-1. It has been inferred that the former represents the rate constant for $N_2H_4-Br_2$ {\rightarrow} $N_2H_2$ and the latter for $N_2H_2+Br_2$ {\rightarrow} X. When the concentrations of KBr and $H_2SO_4$ are both high, drastic reduction of rate constant has been observed.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.443-458
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• 2008

Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are chemical compounds that inhibit the combustion of organic materials by scavenging free radicals that would otherwise encourage the spread of flames. These compounds are found in a wide variety of materials including paints, plastics, textiles, furniture and electronics. Mounting evidence, however, suggests that the non-reactive BFRs can easily leach into the environment and pose significant environmental and health concerns. PBDDs/PBDFs are often formed in the process of manufacturing brominated flame retardants and from the combustion of waste products containing flame retardants BFR. Therefore, this paper describes the general characteristics, management status, residual concentration in environments and analytical method.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.402-404
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.515-518
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• 1996

Functional conversion of polybrominated fullerenes has been discussed. These reactions are Friedel-Crafts fullerylation of aromatics, methoxylation and phosphorylation of polybrominated fullerenes.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.449-456
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• 1983

The facile route of preparing S-2-(${\omega}$-aminoalkylamino) ethyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates, potential chemical radioprotectants, have been studied. Intermediate 3-(2-phthalimidoethyl)-2-oxazolidinone was prepared by a reaction of potassium phthalimide and 3-(2-bromoethyl)-2-oxazolidinone, which was obtained through the alkaline ring closure of a mixture of carbonate and 2,2'-dibromo diethylamine prepared from diethanolamine. This was converted to N-[2-(2-bromoethylamino)ethyl] phthalimide hydrobromide by 30% HBr(gas) in acetic acid and N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine dihydrobromide was obtained by reacting the hydrobromide with a solution of HBr-HOAc. N-(2-bromoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine dihydrobromide could be prepared through the Cortese treatment of 2-(3-aminopropylamino) ethanol, which was prepared by a reaction of 1,3-diaminopropane and 2-chloroethanol. These dihydrobromides were treated by sodium thiophosphate in DMF to result S-2-(${\omega}$-aminoalkylamino) ethyl dihydrogen phosphorothioates. The characteristics of each reaction path were discussed in regards to reaction conditions and overall yields and a facile route of preparing each derivative was proposed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.212-212
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• 2008

에폭시 수지는 화학적 열적 안정성과 절기 절연성 및 기계적 특성 등 여러 가지 우수한 특성에도 불구하고 난연성은 그 단독으로 만족시킬 수 없기 때문에 난연제를 첨가함으로써 난연효과를 얻어왔다. 기존에 할로겐 화합물인 브롬계 난연제는 우수한 난연효과에도 불구하고 연소시 유해물질이 발생되어진다. 그리하여 인계 난연제를 첨가하는 것이 고분자 시스템에 난연성을 부여하는 효과적인 수단으로 대두되어지고 있다. 이 실험에서는 인계 난연제와 브롬계 난연제를 10, 20, 30, 40wt% 첨가하여 epoxy composite 제작하였다. 제작된 epoxy composite를 UL-94V 방법으로 난연성 평가하여 브롬계 난연제 20wt%에서 V-0를 획득할 수 있었으나 인계난연제 40wt%에서도 V-0를 만족할 수 없었다. 난연제 함량에 따른 Dielelctric constant 및 loss는 브롬계 난연제를 첨가시 감소하였고, 인계난연제의 경우 증가하였다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.378-381
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is the evaluation of removal efficiency of THMFP in BAC. The changes of four types of THMFP and total THMFP were examined in the influent and effluent of BAC filter from March to December in 2008. It turned out that the amounts of brominated THMFP were obviously higher in winter and autumn compared to the spring and summer, which also resulted in an increase of the total-THMFP levels during winter and autumn. In addition, long-term running of BAC filter shows the good removal function of chloroform formation potential, but not brominated THMFP; with further bromination, this function was declined, as it shows the formation of bromoform in BAC filter during October and December. These results were caused by changing of the proportion of $Br^-$/DOC.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.150-156
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• 2009

To improve the permselective efficiency of polysulfone membranes, the bromination was performed and then the resulting membranes were investigated in terms of membrane structures and gas transport characteristics. The brominated Polysulfone membranes were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, TGA, contact angle measurements, and gas permeation measurements were accomplished with He, $N_2,\;CO_2\;and\;O_2$. In general, the permeation rates were reduced while the selectivities increased as the bromination progressed.