• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2013

Objective : Several studies have reported the association between posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and hypertension (HTN). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of PTSD symptoms on blood pressure. Methods : Korean veterans of the Vietnam War with (n=62) or without PTSD (n=87) participated in this study. The clinician administered PTSD scale (CAPS) and alcohol use disorder identification test (AUDIT) were applied. Blood pressure, pulse rate, risk factors of HTN and demographic data of the subjects were collected. Effects of potential explanatory variables on HTN were analyzed with logistic regression. Results : Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher in PTSD group (p=0.015). However, PTSD subjects showed significantly lower pulse rate than non-PTSD subjects (p=0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that avoidance symptom might be a predictor for hypertension (OR=1.065, p=0.030). Conclusion : These results suggest that PTSD, especially avoidance symptom, might be a risk factor on HTN in the elderly with PTSD. Further studies are needed to evaluate the change of blood pressure according to the clinical improvement of PTSD.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.101-107
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• 2006

Object : Since autonomic nerve system dysfunction was known as the mechanism of panic disorder, many researchers used heart rate variability (HRV) as means of measuring autonomic nerve function of patients with panic disorder. We aimed to examine the effect of paroxetine medication for 3 months on symptom improvement and change of heart rate variability of the patients with panic disorder. Methods : The subjects were patients with panic disorder who visited the psychiatric outpatient clinic of Samsung Medical Center in Seoul. We included panic disorder patients who were aged from 20 to 50 and in normal BMI range (from 18 to 30) to minimize the effect of age and weight on HRV data. We excluded the patients with EKG abnormalities, hypertension or other major psychiatric disorders. They took 20-40 mg paroxetine medication a day for 3 months. Alprazolam was used only during the first month to control the acute panic symptoms and was tapered off after that. We measured the acute panic inventory (API), Hamilton rating scale for anxiety and depression (HAM-A & HAM-D), Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory (STAIS, STAIT), and Beck depression inventory (BDI) in order to assess clinical improvement of the patients. And we measured time and frequency domain HRV in the resting, standing and cognitive stress states to assess the change of HRV. All measurements were done before and after paroxetine treatment. Result : After paroxetine medication, patients showed significant improvement in all psychiatric scales. In time domain of HRV, standard deviations of all R-R intervals (SDNN) were significantly increased in all states. In frequency domain of HRV, the ratio of high frequency to total power (HF/TP) in the standing state was significantly increased. Conclusion : After 3 months paroxetine medication, panic disorder patients showed significant clinical improvement and change in HRV data such as SDNN in all states and HF/TP ratio in the standing state. This result suggests that paroxetine medication is effective for the improvement of autonomic nerve system dysfunction in panic disorder patients.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2015

Objective : Police officers are exposed to job-related traumatic events and have a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). This study examined the relationship between PTSD symptoms and dimensions of temperament and character in police officers. Method : Thirty-six police officers participating in a psychological support program were enrolled. All subjects were asked to complete a demographic questionnaire, the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and other self-reported symptoms scales. Results : Among all participants (age $40.8{\pm}10.2$, men 94.4%), the rate of 'post-traumatic stress symptoms group' was 47.2%. After controlling for confounding factors, lower self-directedness scores were significantly associated with higher PTSD symptoms (${\beta}=0.6$, p=0.03) in multiple regression analysis. Conclusion : Character traits, especially self-directedness, were associated with the severity of PTSD symptoms severity. These findings may provide useful information regarding personality factors related to PTSD in police officers.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-132
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• 2009

Objective : This study examined psychiatric characteristics of wounded persons of Daegu subway fire accident occurring in February 2003 after six years. Methods : 103 wounded persons completed psychometric measures at 2 months and 6 years after the accident. Changes of psychiatric symptoms were compared and factors affecting post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) seriousness were examined. Results : In Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the scores of Psychopathic Deviate (Pd), Masculinity/ Femininity (Mf), Social Introversion (Si) scales were significantly changed over time. The scores of Symptoms Checklist-90-Revision subscales were mostly decreased over time, however, paranoid ideation (PAR) subsclae scores were not significantly changed over time. In all of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-State, Beck Depression Inventory, Impact of Event Scale, and PTSD Checklist-Civilian, mean scores at 6 years after the accident were significantly lower than those at 2 months after the accident. However, STAI-Trait score was not significantly changed over time. Total seriousness of PTSD was found to be affected by quality of sleep. Conclusions : Psychiatric symptoms of subjects were largely improved over time, but distrust and doubt of others were continued. In addition, the wounded persons suffered from sleep problems. Therefore, early and continuous interventions of public institutions and public health specialists are needed for the wounded persons with chronic psychiatric disorders.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.157-159
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• 2008

저자들은 심한 수면 무호흡증을 가진 성인 남자에서,CPAP 치료 후 조증 및 경조증 삽화가 유발된 증례를 보고하였다. 본 증례는 정신과적 병력 및 가족력이 없던 환자에게서 CPAP 치료 후 조증 삽화와 경조증 삽화가 연속해서 유발된 첫 번째 보고이다. 환자는 CPAP 치료 시작 직후부터 약 한달 동안 기분 고양감과 목적지향 활동의 증가를 보이다가 2~3일만에 정신병적 증상이 동반된 조증 삽화를 보였다. 또한 퇴원 후 투약을 지속하면서 다시 CPAP치료를 한 직후 경조증 삽화로 추정되는 일련의 기분 및행동 변화가 나타났다. 따라서 이 환자의 조증 삽화와 경조증 삽화로 추정되는 기분 변화는 CPAP 치료로 유발되었을 가능성이 있다고 판단되었다. 폐쇄성 무호흡증이 심하여 CPAP 치료가 처방되는 경우에 임상의들은 정신과적 질환의 기왕력이나 위험 인자가 없는 환자에서도 조증상태가 발생할 수 있는 가능성에 대해 유의하여야 하고, 주기적으로 객관적인 척도를 사용하여 기분 변화 정도를 점검할 필요가 있다. 특히 CPAP 사용 후 특별한 이유 없이 행동 변화나 기분 고양의 정도가 심해질 때는 조증 가능성을 의심해 보아야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.650-657
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• 2017

Objective: This study was performed to report the effect of traditional Korean medicine as a treatment for laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) combined with depressive and anxiety disorder. Methods: We treated this patient with traditional Korean medicine and measured symptom severity using the reflux symptom index (RSI), Beck depression inventory (BDI), and Beck anxiety inventory (BAI). Results: After 3 weeks of treatment, most symptoms had decreased. The RSI score dropped from 21 to 8, BDI from 27 to 14, and BAI from 29 to 15. Conclusions: Traditional Korean medicine may be effective as a treatment for LPR combined with depressive and anxiety disorder, and a correlation may exist between LPR and psychological factors. However, more rigorous studies are required to identify exactly what treatment is most efficient for relieving LPR combined with depressive and anxiety disorder and whether LPR and psychological factors are clearly correlated.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.29-44
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this research is to examine the efficacy of Gamisoyosan on anxiety of generalized anxiety disorder according to dosage form. Methods : In this randomized, double blinded, placebo-controlled study, we planned to give Gamisoyosan simple extract mixture or Gamisoyosan compound extract or controlled medication for major symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder. As preparatory research, Hamilton rating Scale for Anxiety(HAM-A) was measured as the 1st evaluative instrument, and Korean State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI-K), Penn State Worry Questionnaire(PSWQ) Korean Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-K), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised(SCL-90R), WHO Quality of Life Abbreviated(WHOQOL-BREF) and Heart Rate Variability(HRV) were also measured as the 2nd evaluative instrument at the before treatment. Results : Demographic characteristics showed that there are Clinical characteristics-vital signs are within the normal range. The characteristics of disease-chief complaint, pattern Identification and etiological factor of the highest frequency number were worry, heart deficiency with timidity(心膽虛怯), family matters. The average period of disease in subjects is 6.31years. The results of Chest PA, EKG and clinicopathologic examination are within the reference range. The Scores of HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ were measured above the cutoff point. There are significant positive correlations among HAM-A, STAI-K, BDI-K and among HAM-A, STAI-K, PSWQ. There are no significant correlations between PSWQ and BDI-K. Conclusions : We considered that selection of subjects in this research is appropriately accomplished And this methodology is expected to be applied to the subsequent research. And also, we hope to make up for this study through various study and discussion.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.18-23
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of bullying victimization on depressive symptoms in adolescents, and to determine how depression depends on resilience. Methods : A total of 4,160 students were recruited, from middle and high schools in Goheung, Yeosu, and the Jangheung area of Jeollanam-do Province. All participants completed self-report questionnaires, that included demographic variables, the Beck Depression inventory (BDI) the School Bullying Self-Rating Questionnaire (SBSRQ), and the Resilience Test (RT). Results : Prevalence of depression was 30.3%. A total of 220 (5.3%) students were evaluated likely to be bullied and 45 (1.1%) students were evaluated very likely to be bullied. Depressive symptoms positively correlated with bullying victimization. Depressive symptoms and resilience, bullying victimization and resilience negatively correlated. Results from regression analyses indicated that, while controlling for a range of demographic variables, resilience moderated the association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms. Conclusion : Based on the results, professionals must consider resilience for treatment to reduce depression in adolescents of bullying victimization.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological index, anxiety and depression by the severity of lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Methods: This research was conducted from the 4th to the 27th of May in 2016 on112 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The data were analyzed using a chi-square test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients. Results: The results demonstrated a difference depending on the dysuria period of each lower urinary tract symptom, marital status, occupation and perceived health state of the patient. The physiological index by lower urinary tract symptoms showed a difference in the maximum flow rate, amount of post-void residual urine and Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA), and anxiety and depression factors also revealed a difference. Lower urinary tract symptoms showed a positive correlation to the amount of post voided residual urine and PSA, a negative correlation to the maximum flow rate and also indicated a positive correlation to depression. Conclusion: The results of the study belonging to the moderate and severe categories were high when the result was based on the categorization of subjects with benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms. Considering that depression levels increase as the symptom intensifies and the anxiety score is also high with mild symptoms, psychological support intervention is needed when a pattern of benign prostatic hyperplasia appears.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2012

Objective : The aim of this study was to investigate how trauma and personality system was related by comparing TCI profiles of the trauma versus non-trauma groups and PTSD symptom positive (PTSD symptom [+] group) and PTSD symptom negative groups (PTSD symptom [-] group). Methods : We compared the difference of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) profiles between the trauma (n=61) and the non-trauma (n=61) groups, and between the PTSD symptom [+] group (n=40) and PTSD symptom [-] group (n=21). Results : Comparison of the TCI's seven higher dimensions between the PTSD symptom [+] and [-] groups showed significant differences only in C (Cooperativeness). And in the analysis of TCI's lower dimensions the significant differences were observed in the HA1 (Worry and pessimism), HA2 (Tension regarding uncertainty), and C4 (Compassion) subscales. However, significant differences in the higher dimensions appeared more clearly between the non-traumatized group and the traumatized group. Compared to the non-traumatized group, the traumatized group scored significantly higher in HA (Harm avoidance) and RD (Reward dependence), while lower in SD (Self-directedness). Conclusion : Overall, present results suggest that traumatic experiences may affect personality systems regardless of the development and of PTSD symptoms.