• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.744-749
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• 2008

Fluoride is a very effective element that can help prevent dental caries. The most economical and safest way of using fluoride is to add fluoride to the tap water. However, care must be taken to maintain the adequate concentration of fluoride in drinking water by regular check-up. Unless, dental fluorosis may occur. We are presenting a case of concurrent occurrence of fluorosis in people living in the same village in Korea, where drinking water contained high concentration of fluoride.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

In this clinical research, the fluoride tape(SCMC-T-5) using fluoride(NaF) was developed and manufactured and the treatment effect of the fluoride tape in dentin hypersensitivity patients was evaluated and compared with the effect of existing fluoride varnish($CavityShield^{TM}$). Twenty two healthy adult patients(88 teeth) having dentin hypersensitivity participated in this clinical research and they were divided into two groups. The fluoride product was applied according to the manufacturer's instruction and the level of pain in the tooth after giving irritation using compressed air and ice stick was measured just after the application, after 3 days, after a week and after 4 weeks each using visual analog scale(VAS). In the experimental group, compared with the early VAS scores, all other VAS scores showed the significant decreases statistically. In the control group, all VAS scores except the VAS score of 34.091(air) measured 3 days after(using the irritation examination by the compressed air) showed the significant decreases statistically when compared with the early VAS scores. The fluoride tape and fluoride varnish used in this clinical research were able to treat the dentin hypersensitivity effectively.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.20 no.6 s.157
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• pp.525-535
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• 1982

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.583-591
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of dental erosion according to the type of lactic acid bacteria fermented oil and to identify a method for preventing dental erosion. For the lactic acid bacteria fermented milk, liquid fermented milk, condense-stirred type fermented milk, and condense-drink type fermented milk were used, and bovine tooth specimens used in the experiment were used. As a method to prevent dental erosion, the method of adding calcium to the lactic acid bacteria fermented milk, the method of applying high and low concentrations of fluoride to the teeth before exposure to the lactic acid bacteria fermented milk, and the method of applying these two methods together were measured to measure the preventive effect of dental erosion. As a result of immersing the specimen in the experimental beverage, the surface hardness of liquid fermented milk decreased the most. When comparing the difference in surface hardness before and after prophylaxis care, the Ca 2% group and the NaF 0.05%+Ca 0.5% group showed no significant difference from the negative control group, confirming that it is an effective method for preventing dental erosion. However, considering the change in taste and the stability of ingredients, a method of adding calcium at a low concentration rather than adding a high concentration of calcium is proposed. Therefore, it is recommended to use low-concentration calcium and low-concentration fluoride together to recognize the possibility of dental erosion when ingesting lactic acid bacteria and to prevent dental erosion caused by it.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.529-538
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• 2002

There is no adverse opinion on the anticariogenic effect of fluoride, so glass ionomer restoration which release the fluoride is recommended fer child patient. To study the anticariogenic effect of initial carious lesion of fluoride released from adjacent glass ionomer restoration, the in situ model was constructed. A microhardness test, polarized scope investigation and electron probe microanalysis was done for analyzing the distribution of fluoride which was precipitated from glass ionomer restoration to the enamel caries lesion. Fuji IX, the conventional glass ionomer, was used for experimental group and Z-100, composite resin that fluoride was not contained, was used for control group. On the microhardness test, the remineralization was accelerated by fluoride. And on the polarized investigation, the size of caries lesion was reduced in the oral cavity and that phenomenon was accelerated by fluoride, too. Electron probe microanalysis shows that the remineralization was accelerated by fluoride and the fluoride concentration on subsurface area was increased. It maybe that the subsurface area was critical to anticariogenic effect. In summary of these result, initial caries lesion can be remineralized in the oral cavity and that phenomenon can be accelerated by fluoride. The subsurface area of caries lesion was a major part of defense to cariogenic invasion and to conserve the subsurface area, the surface of lesion body have to conserved.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2000

Part of the locally applied, as well as the systemic applied, fluoride is absorbed into the body to aid in the prevention of caries. However, beyond a certain level, systemic distribution of fluoride can cause chronic fluorosis with attending systemic symptoms and dental fluorosis. Thus it is vital to determine the level of fluoride with minimal side effects which will provide optimal caries prevention. A commonly utilized method of regressively determining fluoride intade is to measure the fluoride concentration of excreted urine. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the clearance time and concentration of fluoride in urine after administration of various doses of fluoride using HMDS-diffusion technique and fluoride ion electrode(Orion, 96-09, U.S.A.). Urine samples were collected in 7 adult subjects every morning after administration of fluoride supplements such as no fluoride(control group), 1mg fluoride(group 1), 2mg fluoride(group 2), 3mg fluoride(group 3), 4mg fluoride(group 4). The obtained results were as follows 1. Mean urinary fluoride concentration of control group was $0.707{\pm}0.362ppm$. 2. Fluoride levels followed as group 4(4.076ppm). group 3(2.400ppm), group 2(1.494ppm), group 1(1.051ppm) at day 1 after fluoride administration. There were no statistical differences between the urinary fluoride concentration of group 1, 2, 3 and control group after day 2, but there was statistical difference between group 4 and control group at day 2(p<0.05). 3. Urinary fluoride concentration increased and plateaued according to increasing fluoride dosage. The increased concentration remained significantly higher till day 2, but after day 3, there was no significant difference compared to the control.

• Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.258-259
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• 2003

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.262-274
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• 1999

Several alternatives for increasing the fluoride concentration in the mouth, such as water fluoridation, ingestion of fluoride supplements, fluoride paste, fluoride mouthrinse, application of fluoride gel are available. There is an impressive body of evidence that the topically deliverd fluorides are clinically effective in inhibiting the progression of dental caries. Recent studies on the cariostatic action of fluoride have indicated the importance of fluoride in the fluid environment of the teeth. The fluoride levels in unstimulated whole saliva can be considered indicative of F in the aqueous phase available for interaction with the tooth surface at a given time. The retention of F in the mouth after topical fluoride treatment is considered to be an important factor in the clinical efficacy of F. The aim of this study was to determine the elevation and clearance of fluoride in whole saliv after the following topical flouride treatments using HMDS-diffusion technique and fluoride ion electrode. The obtained results were as follow: 1. Average salivary fluoride concentration in the unstimulated whole saliva was $0.0152ppm{\pm}0.0091ppm$. Unstimulated salivary flow rate was between 0.34-0.36ml/min and there was no statistically significant difference among the groups(p>0.05). 2. Except for the immediate time after treatment, fluoride levels followed as APF gel>neutral gel>F-rinse>F-paste. There was no statistical difference between the salivary F concentration of F-paste group and that of control group after 2 hours. In case of F-rinse group, after 3 hours the concentration had dropped to baseline value. But there was statistically significant difference among the F concentraion of F gel groups and that of control group(p<0.05). 3. The mean $AUC_{0-120min}$ values were followed as neutral gel>APF gel>F-rinse>F-paste, and the values of the two former groups were significantly higher than those of the two latter groups(p<0.05).

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.624-629
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• 2004

The purpose of study was to observe the effect of fluoride and calcium on enamel remineralizaton in vitro. Human premolar enamel specimens were prepared by demineralization in $0.1{\sim}l.0%$ citric acid for 60 minutes. They were remineralized for 6 hours in one of the 1311owing solutions : (1) artificial saliva, (2) artificial saliva with 100ppmF, (3) artificial saliva with 1000ppmF, (4) artificial saliva with 1000ppmCa, and (5) artificial saliva with 100ppmF and 1000ppmCa. No significant remineralization was occurred in artificial saliva and artificial saliva with 100ppmF. Significant remineralization was observed in artificial saliva with 1000ppmF at 3 hours, and in artificial saliva with 1000ppmCa and artificial saliva with 100ppmF and 1000ppmCa at 3 and 6 hours(P<0.05). The remineralization effect of artificial saliva with 100ppmF and 1000ppmCa was greater than that of artificial saliva or artificial saliva with 100ppmF. Addition of F to 100ppm or 1000ppm, addition of Ca to 1000ppm, and increasing the concentration of F from 100ppm to 1000ppm did not significantly increase the remineralization.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 2008

Dental caries which is one of the most common chronic disease complexly developed by the action of oral bacteria, diet, and host factor. Various prevention program enhance resistance of demineralization and reduce the acidogenecity of oral bacteria have been introduced, representative material is fluoride and chlorhexidine. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare effectiveness of fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine varnish in vivo. Bovine tooth specimens were implanted in the lower space maintainers and applied with fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine varnish. After seven days in oral environment, metal mesh was covered to make similar condition of plaque accumulation and induce caries. All specimens were analysed by EPMA to evaluate quantitative change of Ca, P and by polarized microscope to identify histological changes. The results were as follows : After initial artificial caries induction in the mouth, there were remarkable enamel caries lesion in the control group under polarized light microscopy. The highest amount of mineral decrease were showed in control group. No statistically significant mineral decrease were showed in fluoride varnish group, while chlorhexidine varnish group showed only significant decrease of P(P<0.05). In conclusion both fluoride varnish and chlorhexidine varnish seemed to be effective for protecting enamel surface from caries activity, although fluoride varnish has more anticariogenic effect than chlorhexidine varnish.