• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.1131-1138
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• 2009

In this study, the breads with medicinal herbs (MH) composites showing cognitive function were prepared and their characteristics were examined. Fifteen kinds of medicinal herbs were extracted with hot water and divided into 3 groups (MH-1, MH-2, MH-3) based on their contents. All groups showed cognitive function in terms of promoting muscarinic receptor, NMDA receptor and acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In the preparation of breads containing MH extracts of various contents (0, 10, 20, 30, and 50%), there were no significant difference among loaf weight of all groups, but loaf volume of all groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased with increasing content of MH extracts compared to the control group. The "a" and "b" values of bread crumb increased with the content of MH extracts while "L" value decreased, but these values of bread crust were similar to the control group. The most improvements in hardness, fracturability, cohesiveness, gumminess and chewiness of bread were noticed by the addition of 10$\sim$20% MH extracts, while adhesiveness and springiness of bread were the most by the 30% addition ones. Through the sensory evaluation, it was revealed that appearance, mouth feeling, taste, overall preference and crumb texture of bread were not significantly different (p<0.05) between control and those with the 10% addition ones. Therefore the 10% addition ones, which got similar scores to control, will make the most desirable product.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.361-369
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• 2017

Mitochondrial homeostasis is tightly regulated by two major processes: mitochondrial biogenesis and mitochondrial degradation by autophagy (mitophagy). Research in mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle in response to endurance exercise training has been well established, while the mechanisms regulating mitophagy and the relationship between mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation following endurance exercise training are not yet well defined. Studies have demonstrated that endurance exercise training increases the expression levels of mitochondrial biogenesis-, dynamics-, mitophagy-related genes in skeletal muscle. However, the increased levels of mitochondrial biogenesis marker proteins such as Cox IV and citrate synthase, by endurance exercise training were abolished when autophagy/mitophagy was inhibited in skeletal muscle. This suggests that both autophagy/mitophagy plays an important role in mitochondrial biogenesis/homeostasis and the coordination between the opposing processes may be important for skeletal muscle adaptation to endurance exercise training to improve metabolic function and endurance exercise performance. It is considered that endurance exercise training regulates each of these processes, mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission events and autophagy/mitophagy, ensuring a relatively constant mitochondrial population. Exercise training may also have contributed to mitochondrial quality control which replaces old and/or unhealthy mitochondria with new and/or healthy ones in skeletal muscle. In this review paper, the molecular mechanisms regulating mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy and the coordination between the opposing processes is involved in the cellular adaptation to endurance exercise training in skeletal muscle will be discussed.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2002

This study was aimed to determine the urinary metabolite of profenofos, one of the organophos-phorus pesticides, as the biomarkers of exposure. Urine samples were collected fort 24 hours in metabolic cages after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos to rats. Identification of the derivatized urinary metabolite was determined by GC/MS and excretion time courses of the urinary metabolite was analyzed by GC/MS. Urinary metabolite of profenofos, 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol, was detected in rats urine both after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos. Parent compound was not detected in the experiment. In GC/MS, the mass spectral confirmation for 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol ion was identified at m/z 208.4-bromo-2-chlorophenol was excreted within 48 hours and 72 hours after oral administration and dermal application of profenofos, respectively. In this study, the same urinary metabolite of profenofos was detected both in oral and dermal exposure. Generally, excretion of the urinary metabolite after oral administration was detected faster than after dermal application. It is suggested that urinary 4-bromo-2-chlorophenol could be used as the biomarkers of exposure to profenofos.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 1998

The dnrF gene, responsible for conversion of aklavinone to $\varepsilon$-rhodomycinone via C-11 hydroxylation, was mapped in the daunorubicin gene cluster of Streptomyces peucetius subsp. caesius ATCC 27952, close to drrAB, one of the anthracycline resistance genes. To characterize the enzymatic properties of the aklavinone 11-hydroxylase, the dnrF gene was overexpressed in Escherchia coli. The pET-22(+) plasmid which has the T7 promoter under the control of lacUV5 gene was used for the overexpression of the dnrF gene, and the recombinant plasmid pET213 that contains the dnrF gene linked to the T7 promoter of pET-22b(+) was introduced into the E. coli BL2l. When the expression of the dnrF gene was induced by IPTG at the final concentration of 1 mM, the induced protein could be detected in SDS-PAGE only in insoluble precipitate. The insoluble protein was electroeluted from the gel and used for the preparation of antiserum in mice. Various culture conditions were tested to maximize the expression of the aklavinone 11-hydroxylase in soluble form. The enzymatic activity was checked by the bioconversion experiment, and the protein was confirmed by the SDS-PAGE and the Western blot analysis. From the analysis of the data, it was concluded that the culture induced with IPTG at the final concentration of 0.02 mM at 37$^{\circ}C$ yielded the best productivity of active form of enzyme.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.590-596
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• 2016

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidant activities of the ethanol extracts (GBE) of grape branches (Campbell Early). The total polyphenol and flavonoid content of GBE was $201.42{\pm}4.16$ and $11.85{\pm}0.44mg\;GAE/g$, respectively. The antioxidant activity of GBE was measured using the ABTS and DPPH assays, and the $IC_{50}$ values were $45.60{\pm}0.09$ and $299.13{\pm}0.22$, respectively. GBE inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, iNOS, $PGE_2$, COX-2, $IL-1{\beta}$, and IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, GBE treatment significantly suppressed the production of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 cytokines in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187-stimulated HMC-1 human mast cells. Furthermore, the administration of GBE markedly inhibited the scratching behavior induced by the compound 48/80 in ICR mice. These results suggested that GBE has potential as a therapeutic agent against inflammation and itch-related skin diseases.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.919-923
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• 2004

Effects of adding 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% freeze-dried kimchi powder (FDKP) on kimchi snack quality were examined. Headspace volatile compounds of 4% FDKP snack, receiving highest overall preference in sensory evaluation results, were analyzed, and 26 compounds were identified, including 13 aldehydes, 3 sulfides, a ketone, an acid, a terpene, and 7 other compounds. Pearson correlation analyses were carried out to determine a correlation between the concentration of FDKP and the amount of each volatile compound. Acetaldehyde, propanal, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, acetic acid, and d-limonene showed correlation coefficients above 0.90; selective ion move (SIM) analysis also showed above 0.97 for highly correlated compounds. Results suggest that these compounds can be used as indicators fur kimchi flavor of FDKP snack.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.286-292
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• 2015

We developed a rapid isolation method for fractionation of polysaccharides with different characteristics, and optimized it for the polysaccharide mixture from Korean citrus peels. A crude polysaccharide mixture, citrus-peel-enzyme (CPE) fraction was isolated from the citrus peels digested with pectinase and ethanol precipitation. CPE was further fractionated with serially diluted ethanol solution (ethanol:deionized water=8:1, 4:1, 3:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1) to produce seven fractions labeled from CPE8 to CPE0.5. Fraction from CPE8 to CPE1 were mostly composed of 11 different sugars, including rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and II, and the sugars contained arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan moiety. However, CPE0.5 did not contain RG-II and arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactans. Treatment of macrophages with fractions CPE8-CPE1 led to a dose-dependent increase in interleukin-6 production (IL-6), while treatment with CPE1 and CPE0.5 fractions resulted in decreased levels of IL-6. These results indicate that this isolation method may be useful for the rapid fractionation of bioactive RGs from polysaccharide mixtures.

• The Proceeding of the Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.37-55
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• 1997

최근 선진국가들에서는 전자파 장애 증후군에 관심이 집중되고 있는데, 전자파에 장기 노출 되는 인구에서 뇌암이나 유방암, 백혈병 등의 발생률이 높다는 보고(Kolmodin-Hedman 등, 1988 ; Demers등, 1991)가 있어서 전자제품의 생산업체는 물론이고 사용자에 대해서도 불안한 관심사가 되 어 있다. 전자파가 생체에 미치는 영향은 열적 효과와 비열적 효과에 의한 것으로 구분된다. Microwave는 약 300MHz에서 300GHz 사이(파장 1m에서 1mm사이)의 주파수를 가지는 전자파로서 이온의 운동이나 쌍극자분자(dipole molecule)들을 진동시키므로서 조직에 열이 발생한다. 열이 과도하게 발생하면 세포 단백질이 응고하게 되는 등 일반적으로 생각할 수 있는 고열로 인한 여러 가지 유해환경이 조직 에 조성될 수 있다. 실제로 고전압의 전자파에 노출된 안구의 수정체에 백내장 등의 병변이 발생한 것 으로 보고된 바 있다(Adey,1981). 일반적으로 전자파의 생체에 대한 작용으로는 이렇듯 조직에 흡수 되는 전자파의 에너지에 의한 열작용이 지배적인 것으로 생각되어 왔다. 그러나 초저주파역대(Extre- mely low frequency, EMF)의 변조 및 펄스파 등의 영향에 관해서도 조직의 온도상승으로는 설명할 수 없는 현상이 보고된 바 있다. 이러한 비열적 효과가 신경계에 끼치는 영향에 대해서는 혈액뇌관문 의 투과성 변화(Oscar와 Hawkins, 1977), 뇌종양 발생, 칼슘대사 이상 및 신경전달물질에 대한 영향 등이 주장(Anderson, 1993)되고 있으나 아직 그 분명한 기전이 밝혀져 있지 않은 상태이다. 또한 그 영향의 평가에 서도 일정한 기준이나 지표가 정해지지 않은 실정이다. 그러므로 신경계에 대한 대체적인 소개와 더불어 전자기파의 영향에 대한 이제까지의 보고를 종합 하고 향후 연구의 방향을 소개하고자 한다.> 이온이 공동 첨가제로 더 적합하다.u(30 .angs. )/CoFe(35 .angs. )/NiO(800 .angs. ) 구조를 갖는 spin-valve 박막은 극대 MR비 6.3%, 유효자기장감응도 약 0.5(%/Oe)를 보여 spin-valve head 재료로 적합함을 알 수 있었다.다.다.다.는 각각 148 meV .angs. $^{2}$, 103.8 meV .angs. $^{2}$와 1.77 * $10^{-6}$ erg/cm, 0.67 * $10^{-6}$ erg/cm 였다.다.자 노인들을 영주권자와 귀화 시민권자의 구분없이 하나의 집단으로 간주하고 분석해 왔던 것을 볼 때, 앞으로의 연구는 이론적으로나 방법론적으로 시민권의 유무가 주거형태에 끼치는 영향도 함께 고려해야 할 것이다.에 나타난 인도의 영향은 여성복식과 남성복식에 있어서 서로 유사점과 차이점이 보이는데, 인도의 영향이 여성복식에 있어서 그 빈도가 더 높고, 종류가 더 다양함을 볼 수 있다. 여성복식에 있어서는 12가지의 다양한 인도복식스타일이 나타났으며, 그중 가장 많이 보이는 스타일은 Indian Shirt/Blouse/Smock/ Dress이며, 그 뒤를 이어 Madras, Indian lowery등을 볼 수 있다. 남성복식애 나타난 7가지의 스타일 중에는 Madras가 가장 빈도가 높으며 그외의 스타일들은 그 빈도가 매우 낮음을 볼 수 있다. 인도의 영향의 정도 (Attribution Categories) 있어서는 여성과 남성복식 모두에 있어서 인도에서 직접 수입된(originated) item이 각각 전체의 90%와 81%를 차지하여, 인도복식의 영향은 받았으나 미국내에서 제작된(attributed and connotated) item 보다 휠씬 더 많은 수를 보였다. 인도복식스타일이 가장

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.435-441
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• 2017

Perchlorate ($ClO_4^-$) is an emerging contaminant detected in soil, groundwater, and surface water. Previous study revealed bacterial community in the enrichment culture tdegraded perchlorate using elemental sulfur as an electron donor. Quantitative and qualitative molecular methods were employed in this study to investigate archaeal community in the enrichment culture. Real-time qPCR showed that archaeal 16S rRNA gene copy number in the culture was about 1.5% of bacterial 16S rRNA gene copy number. This suggested that less archaea were adapted to the environment of the enrichment culture and bacteria were dominant. DGGE banding pattern revealed that archaeal community profile of the enrichment culture was different from that of the activated sludge used as an inoculum for the enrichment culture. The most dominant DGGE band of the enrichment culture was affiliated with Methanococci. Further research is necessary to investigate metabolic role of the dominant archaeal population to better understand microbial community in the perchlorate-reducing enrichment culture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.731-737
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• 1992

The specific attributes of aroma quality of canned tuna meat were investigated before and during refrigerated storage. Fresh, cooked tuna, beefy and meaty flavor notes of canned tuna meat were changed to card-boardy(1 week storage), oxidized fat-like(2 weeks storage), fatty acid-like and heavy oxidized fat-like(3 weeks storage), and then moldy and painty(4 weeks storage) flavor notes during storage in refrigerator at $4^{\circ}C.$ More than 126 peaks of volatile compounds collected from canned tuna meat were separated on Carbowax 20M capillary column of gas chromatographic analysis. Of the peaks, 54 compounds were identified by mass spectral data, matching $I_E$ values, and sniffing the effluent of each peak from GC detector. The contents of many low molecular weight compounds eluted with early retention times were decreased, whereas some other new compounds eluted with longer retention time were formed during storage. The compounds increased up to 3 weeks of storage and then decreased at extended storage time(4 weeks) were 1-penten-3-ol, 3-penten-2-ol, heptanal, limonene, 1-pentanol, octanal, 1-hexanol, nonanal, 2-octanone, 2-nonanone, 1-heptanol, benzaldehytde and some methyl substituted benzenes. p-Thiocresol, 2-chlorophenol, and 2-heptylthiophene were formed after 4 weeks of storage, but not detected in fresh canned tuna. Therefore, these compounds could be used as indicators for the quality changes during refrigerated storage.