• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2014

기존의 저압 플라즈마에 비해 여러 장점을 가지는 중간압력 플라즈마 및 대기압 플라즈마는 수년전부터 많은 관심을 받고 있으며 다양한 응용분야에서 활발히 이용되고 있다. 기초과학으로서의 플라즈마 측면뿐만 아니라 플라즈마 응용의 결과들은 플라즈마의 특성에 따라 좌우되므로 플라즈마 진단 역시 최근 플라즈마 연구에 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 플라즈마 내의 모든 화학적 반응 및 물리적 반응에 있어 전자가 결정적인 역할을 하기 때문에 플라즈마 내의 전자의 정보를 대표하는 지표인 전자온도($n_e$) 및 전자밀도($T_e$)의 측정이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 대기압 플라즈마에서 중성원자와 전자의 상호작용에 의한 연속 방출광을 자외선-가시광 영역에서 측정하고, 이를 기반으로 $n_e$ 및 $T_e$를 측정하였다. 높은 압력에서 불완전 전리된 플라즈마는 이온화율이 낮고 중성원자의 밀도가 이온밀도보다 훨씬 높기 때문에 중성 제동복사(Neutral bremsstrahlung)의 방사도를 이용한 ne 및 Te의 측정이 가능하다. 특히 아르곤 대기압 플라즈마에서 측정된 연속 방출광 스펙트럼의 자외선 영역(280~450 nm)에서는 중성 제동복사에 의한 연속 방출광뿐만 아니라 수소분자에 의한 dissociative 연속 방출광이 함께 존재하는 것이 확인되어 최종적으로 두 연속 방출광을 고려하여 정확한 ne 및 Te를 측정할 수 있었다. 대기압 아르곤 축전결합방전에서 입력전력에 따라 전자온도는 2.5 eV로 유지되었으며, 전자밀도는 $(0.7-1.1){\times}10^{12}cm^{-3}$ 범위에서 $j_d{\propto}n_e{\propto}P_{rf}$ 관계를 따르며 변화하는 것이 관찰되었다.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.48-54
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• 2008

Nine types of staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes (sea~see, seg~sej), 3 types of virulence genes (eta, etb, tst), mecA and 16S rRNA as internal positive control were detected from 187 clinical MRSA (methicillin resistance Staphylococcus aureus) strains isolated from a variety hospitalized patients in Daegu and Gyeongsangbuk-do areas using the multiplex PCR. The frequency of the S. aureus strains harboring recently reported SE genes (seg~sej) were found to be very high (65.9%) and greater than that of the strains harboring classical SE (sea~see) genes (47.8%) as previously established. Taking into account that the newly described pairs form SE genes (i.e., sec+seg+sei, seg+sei) were many, in the other hand, single form SE genes (i.e., seg, seh, sei and sej) were rarely detected. The S. aureus with pairs form enterotoxigenic genes become more potentially toxigenic strains. Furthermore, this work indicated a systematic association between the seg and sei genes and their high incidence among the S, aureus strains, which suggests that these two SE's could be an important phylogenetic link among the staphylococcal enterotoxins.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.260-265
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• 2003

Transglutaminase (TG) was prepared from Streptomyces mobaraensis to improve texture and self-life of food. In preliminary experiments, texture of the dough was not improved due to the interference in microbial TG reaction by proteases present in the crude enzyme. Among the cation exchange resins tested for the removal of proteases, MonoPlus S 100 was the most efficient. Further purification steps with a quaternary ammonia salt resin and gel permeation chromatography effectively removed proteases from crude enzyme. Molecular weight of purified enzyme was about 38,000 on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Farinograph data showed the addition of purified enzyme to wheat flour gave higher stability and lower weakness values those that of crude enzyme.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.32
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• pp.171-183
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• 2011

In this study molecular genetic analysis was carried out on 4 human skeletal remains from Osuri, Buyeo. We showed that real-time PCR is the method of the choice to assess the initial number of genuine ancient DNA molecules. Human mitochondrial DNA quantification was accomplished by the real-time PCR for the cytochrome b gene of the mitochondria. Histological results proved to be a good potentiality for biochemical analysis using biomolecule. The level of specimen's preservation state was proved that level of quantitative result was BO-04, BO-01, BO-03, BO-02. Continually, we showed that biochemical and biomolecule results for the level of preservation state were similar. This study will be useful to important material for predicting biochemistry and biology analysis of the ancient bone.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.81-89
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• 2008

The eco-toxicological effects of endocrine disrupter, 4-nonylphenol (4NP) were observed and detected on the harpacticoid copepod, Tigriopus japonicus s.l. obtained and cultur-ed from our coast. There were no significant differences survival rate, sex ratio, and fecundity on T. japonicus s.l. at as low as $30{\mu}gL^{-1}$ of 4 NP exposure. Whereas, 4NP induced developmental delay, decreasing biomass and body size of nauplius and copepodite. Also, Differentially Expressed Gene (DEG) was conducted to detecting gene expression for potential biomarkers response to 4NP. As a result, full lifecycle research on morphology and gene expression of T. japonicus s.l. suggested potential bioindicators or biomarkers for environmental monitoring and assessments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.1056-1062
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• 2004

Migration of low molecular weight components from expanded polystyrene (ESP) to distilled water was measured at different temperature conditions. Overall migration and specific monomer migration were measured. Diffusion model based on Fick's law was used to determine the apparent diffusion coefficients at various experimental conditions. The overall and specific migration levels were estimated to give some practical implications for regulatory guideline development and safe package design. Diffusion coefficients for overall migration in KMnO$_4$ oxidizable extractives and specific migration of styrene monomer from ESP at 6$0^{\circ}C$ were 0.030 and 6.8${\times}$10$^{-5}$ $\textrm{mm}^2$/h, respectively. Their temperature dependence could be explained by Arrhenius equation with respective activation energies of 80.5 and 98.6 kJ/㏖. Experimental conditions ensuring desired migration level were suggested for reliable examination of migration from the packaging material. Some explanatory estimations of migrations were given for some typical conditions of potential usages.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.238-247
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• 2021

Diatoms are a type of microalgae which inhabits a wide variety of environments as one of the most important primary producers of freshwater and marine ecosystems. They have been widely used as bioindicators which represent the environmental characteristics, thus proper quality control of diatom data is very important to ensure for the researches from many scientists from various different regions to have scientific unity and objectivity. At present, diatom data analysis is primarily based both on morphological features and DNA sequences of given species. Challenge for the morphology-based analysis of diatoms is the consistent species identification among different taxonomists who interpret diatom community, while challenge for the molecular analysis of diatoms to secure reliable reference data. In the present study, we have reviewed the current status of data quality control of diatom analysis in Korea as well as the world. Finally, suggestions for the better data quality control for Korean marine diatoms have been also made.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.579-589
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• 1996

Background : Activation of neutrophil is critical for the clearance of microorganisms and toxic host mediators during sepsis. Unfortunately the activated neutrophil and its toxic byproducts can produce tissue injury and organ dysfunction. The leucocyte CD11/18 adhesion complex regulates neutrophil-endothelial cell adhesion, the first step in neutrophil migration to sites of injection and inflammation. To investigate the potential of neutrophil inhibition as a treatment strategy for sepsis, we evaluated the effects of monoclonal antibody against CD11b (MAb 1B6) in rats intrabronchial challenged with Escherichia coli. Methods : Animals were randomly assigned to receive monoclonal antibody against CD11b (1 mg/kg, sc) and bovine serum albumin(BSA, 1 mg/kg, sc) 6 hr before, at 0 and 6 hr after intrabronchial challenge of $20x10^9$ CFU/kg E. coli 0111. Animals were randomized to treat either 24, 60 or 90% oxygen after bacterial challenge and begining 4 hr after inoculation, all animals were received 100 mg/kg ceftriaxone qd for 3 days. Peripheral and alveolar neutrophil(by bronchoalveolar lavage) counts and lung injury parameters such as alveolar-arte rial $PO_2$ difference, wet to dry lung weight ratio and protein concentration of alveolar fluid were measured in survived rats at 12 hr and 96 hr. Results : Monoclonal antibody against CD11b decreased circulating and alveolar neutrophil especially more in 12 hr than in 96 hr The lung injury parameters of antibody-treated animals were not different from those of BSA-treated animals. but It was meaningless due to small number of survived animals. The early(6 hr) mortality rate was significantly increased in antibody-treated group(51%) compared to BSA-treated group(31%) (P=0.02) but late(from 12 hr to 72 hr) mortality rate was not different in antibody-treated group(44%) from BSA-treated group(36%) (P =0.089). Conclusion : Leucocyte CD11b/18 adhesion molecule is known to regulate neutrophil migration to the site of infection and inflammation. The monoclonal antibody against CD11b decreased alveolar neutrophil in rats with pulmonary sepsis and increased early mortality rate. Therefore, we can speculate that monoclonal antibody against CD11b blocks of alveolar recruitment of neutrophils, impairs host defense mechanism and increases early mortality rate of pulmonary sepsis in rat.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.12 s.257
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• pp.835-843
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• 2005

Background: Cancer of the esophagus is one of the most malignant tumors with poor prognosis. The p53 gene alteration, over expression of Cyclin D1, and Ki67 index were thought to be the prognostic factors. However, their clinical significances in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma are controversial and p53 accumulation may not correlate with genetic mutation. The current study investigates their prognostic significance in squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Material and Method: The Subjects studied were 124 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients who underwent esophagectomy. The mutation of p53, over expression of Cyclin D1, Ki67 labelling index, mitotic index were examined by using an immunohistochemical staining. We compared the results and investigated the correlation with the mutation of p53, overexpression of Cyclin D1, Ki67 labelling index, mitotic index and tumor size, and duration of survival. Result: There was no correlation between the results in immunohistochemical staining according to age, sex, tumor size, Iymph node status, and clinical stage of the disease. Mutant p53 protein was found in 69 cases (55.6$\%$). Median survival time was 21 months in cases with negative for mutant p53 protein and 22 months in positive cases. There was no significant difference in survival (p=0.46). Median survival time was 22 months in cases with negative for Cyclin D1 and 16 months in positive cases (p=0.18). Median and mean survival time was 22 months and 36 months when Ki67 labeling index was 40 or less (102 cases). Median and mean survival was 16 months and 23 months, when Ki67 labeling index was more than 40 (22 cases). There was significant difference in survival rate (p=0.011). Conciusion: Positivity of p53 and cyclin D1 was not useful in predicting the prognosis in our study. There was no significant correlation among mutant p53 protein accumulation, Cyclin D1 over expression, and Ki67 labeling index. However, in several studies, PCR single strand conformational polymorphism analysis of p53 showed a correlation to the prognosis. We thought that there was a significant discordance between p53 gene mutation and mutant p53 protein accumulation. When Ki67 labeling index was more than 40, prognosis was poorer, Ki67 seems to be a prognostic factor in our study. Therefore, we confirmed the possibility of using molecular markers as prognostic factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.52-60
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• 2016

The biological activity of polysaccharide is greatly influenced by polysaccharide structure and molecular distribution. Here, we developed a rapid and convenient isolation method for fractionating polysaccharides with different characteristics and optimized it using a polysaccharide mixture from Korean persimmon leaves. A crude polysaccharide mixture, persimmon leaves-enzyme (PLE) fraction, was isolated from persimmon leaves digested with pectinase and ethanol precipitation. The PLE fraction was further fractionated with a serially diluted ethanol solution (ethanol : deionized water=4:1, 2:1, 1.5:1, 1:1, and 0.5:1) to produce 10 subfractions (five precipitate fractions labeled from PLE-4 to PLE-0.5 and five supernatant fractions labeled from PLE-4S to PLE-0.5S). HPLC analysis indicated that PLE-4 and -2 consisted of diverse polysaccharides, whereas PLE-1.5, -1, and -0.5 contained high molecular weight (MW) polysaccharides. The fractions from PLE-4 to PLE-1 were mostly composed of 13 different characteristic sugars in rhamnogalacturonan (RG) I and II, and the sugars contained an arabino-${\beta}$-3,6-galactan moiety. However, PLE-0.5 did not contain RG-II or ${\beta}$-arabino-3,6-galactan. Treatment of macrophages with fractions PLE-1.5S and PLE-1S led to a $10{\mu}g/mL$ increase in interleukin (IL)-6 production, whereas treatment with PLE-4S and PLE-2S fractions composed of low MW polysaccharides resulted in reduced levels of IL-6. These results indicate that this isolation method may be useful for the rapid and convenient fractionation of bioactive RGs from polysaccharide mixtures with various properties.