• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.205-220
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• 2006

This paper argues how Adrienne Kennedy embodies the features of a black woman's self-identity in Funnyhouse of a Negro. An educated young black woman, Sarah lives in a funnyhouse which is surrounded by mirrors. The reflections in the funnyhouse's mirrors are a metaphor of a black woman's life in America. Sarah's narrative is played out by four "selves," differing by sex and race. These selves imply her mixed cultural heritage. Two white women symbolize white European royalty, Jesus expresses christianity which is the basis of western culture and Lumumba represents Africa. Sarah's desire for whiteness is concentrated on skin color and hair. She longs for pallid skin and straight hair of the white race. Sarah wanted to be white, but her "tainted blood" by her black father made that impossible. Sarah is always obsessed by the fear of her father and the unhappy destiny of her mother. Ceaseless knocking, paralyzed images of lifelessness and surreal dreams effectively show her fear. Sarah's selves remain fragmented in the funnyhouse. Sarah exposures the black woman's anger and frustration through her death. Her death is a gesture of denial and refusal of the dominant society. At the same time, it was her last choice and struggle not to completely lose her own identity.

• Industry Promotion Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.109-117
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• 2023

Modern industrial society demands socially-prescribed perfectionism from office workers and causes self-discrepancy. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to propose a counseling strategy that integrates the divided self based on Fairbairn's psychological structure and reduces self-discrepancy by changing interpersonal relation patterns. 14 sessions were conducted once a week from March 2022 to July 2022. T-test was used as a research method to compare the level of self discrepancy by conducting the Self Questionnaire before and after. During the initial stage, the client was in conflict with his boss and showed anger, depression, somatic symptoms such as gastrointestinal disorder, strict judgement on himself and others, and high self-discrepancy. This research showed that the client's libidinal ego and anti-libidinal ego were de-repressed and integrated into his central ego, and his self-discrepancy level was decreased, which was confirmed through the pre-post test. This research, as a case study applying Fairbairn's psychological structure, has a meaning that it confirmed a change in the interpersonal relation patterns of a socially-prescribed perfectionistic client.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.33-46
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• 2020

As the part of a research project, we examined the causes of game addiction. Traumatized infants may project into virtual space a variety of mental symptoms such as aggression and delusion, division and depression, lack of integrated ego, low emotional awareness, compulsive obsession with objects, rebellion against social norms, and low reality awareness. Game space plays various roles in exhibiting presence of self, omnipotence and hopelessness, division of the self-image, emotional duality, immersion, and motility. This roles have both functional and dysfunctional effects.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.58-67
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the Tai chi exercise program on the physical function, self-esteem and social behavior in patients with chronic schizophrenia. Methods: This study utilized a nonequivalent control group with pretest-posttest design. The 45 subjects were recruited from a mental health care facility in D city and randomly assigned either to the experimental group (n=23) or to the control group (n=22). The experimental group participated in the Tai chi exercise program, twice a week for 12 weeks. Data were analyzed with SPSSWIN V. 11.5 program, using $X^2$-test and t-test. Results: After 12 weeks, there were significant differences in flexibility (p=.027), balance (p=.011), self-esteem (p=.005) and social behavior (p=.003) between the experimental and the control groups. Conclusion: The findings of this study revealed the positive effects of Tai-Chi exercise program in patients with schizophrenia. Further studies are required to determine the effects on physical and social variables.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.211-226
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• 2006

This paper examines the crisis of the protagonist's Jewish identity in Philip Roth's Portnoy's Complaint. Jewish values are centered on the philosophy of Judaism and Jewish history. Judaism is based on an ethical monotheism which is Bible-centered. It is characterized by its covenant with God, its humanism, and its emphasis on moral action. It provides essential reasons for man's existence and stresses human confidence and sufficiency. Jewish values can be found in words such as "good," "humanity," "dignity," "responsibility," and "sense of community." These positive Jewish values pervade Philip Roth's fiction paradoxically. Throughout especially Portnoy's Complaint, the protagonist fails to embrace Jewish values in contrast to Bellow or Malamud's heroes and repeat the same mistakes eliciting fits of laughter from readers. The protagonist suffers from his strongly-felt ethical and altruistic impulses perpetually warring with his extreme sexual longings against which he struggles. His desperation grows as he finds himself unable to channel his dissatisfaction and change his situations. His dominating mother and his confusion over Jewishness and Americanism are the main obstacles to his establishment of self-identity. He attempts to build up his gender identity and Jewish identity through his ego-centric sexual relationship with shikses(female gentiles). His inability to embody Jewish values leads to the failure to fulfill his identity. Roth paradoxically shows that the protagonist's realization of Jewishness is essential to the cure for his fragmented self.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.51-60
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• 2022

This study is to explore the existence reflection and transcendence to overcome depression in terms of the perspective and the hick of the treatment.,The suicide rate in Korea is the number one OECD country (2006-2019), and depression is spreading more recently.,Depression is a civilized disease connected to the abolition of materialism in the competition of a rapid industrial society, and there is a limit to overcoming depression by medication alone.,The purpose of this study is to define depression as a personal history and to recognize depression as a part of literature therapy and to explore ways to overcome it.,This study is an attempt to use the 'self-narrative' of Korean literature therapy and to reexamine the arguments from the perspective of the poetic therapy, which is to draw the suppressed feelings into the human being through the medium of the poetic work.,This is meaningful in integrating the divided self and freeing from the suppressed emotions to live a free life.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.11
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• pp.117-132
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• 2013

This study shows how financial education for middle-age affects their remaining life (economic, physical, emotional and social) and improves the way of preparing for their old age through 355 questionnaires using SPSS 18.0, factor analysis, t-test and ANOVA program. The results obtained are summarized as follows: Firstly, The importance of financial education has been differently perceived by the age, marital status, income and religion. Secondly, the necessity for early financial education and retirement preparation have been comprehended by analyzing the effects of the financial education on their old life. Thirdly, Attitude for retirement has affirmative effects on the self respect, economic stability and leisure activity.

• 기호학연구
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• no.57
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• pp.211-255
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• 2018

This paper attempts to "re-read" the webtoon Misaeng, which was once an important issue in the field of public discourse on "labor". Our hypothesis was that the dual actactial structure of Misaeng's hero Jang Geurae gave a dual structure to the entire text, which leads to the discovery of text meaning that was not mentioned in the existing discourse. This is based on the concept of 'meta-story character', which Hiroki Azuma talked in his postmodern literary theory. To verify this hypothesis we analyzed the text by applying the Parisian semiotics, more specifically J. Fontanille's theory. Jang Geurae is observed to be a actant of dual structure divided into 'character' of the enunciated level and 'player' of the enunciation level. Considering this characteristic of the hero, Misaeng can be interpreted as a metafiction that shows the 'shifting' between the subject of the enunciated level and the subject of the enunciation level. On the level of 'character' Jang's existence mode turns out to be "Deficiency (actualized)", but on the level of 'player' Jang 's existence mode turns out to be "Inanity(potentiallized)." His somatic responses also show a duality, which is represented by Fontanille's corps-actant model, where on the level of 'character' the somatic actant of Jang consists of 'Moi-chair(ego-flesh)' and 'Soi-idem(self-idem)', and on the level of 'player' it consists of 'Moi-chair(ego-flesh)' and 'Soi-ipse(self-ipse)'. The former mainly acts as a 'role' and takes charge of exteroceptive perception, while the latter mainly acts as 'attitude' and takes charge of interoceptive perception. Because of this dissociative nature of actant, Jang's two 'self' draw the re-adjustment of values without serious conflict between the collective norms and the individual identity. This is in sharp contrast with other characters who struggle with the conflict between the environment and "self". It becomes customary to adopt norms that are suspected to ineffective, but if you raise questions, the normative system can be updated. On one axis of Misaeng there are characters who have lost themselves in customs. On the other axis, there is Jang who can not help dismantling the existing ineffective norms and updating the normative system. Jang's existence mode seems to be one of many possible modes generated by this era where people share no longer solid community values, His actantial structure also communicates with readers of these days who put themselves more in subject of enunciation level than of enunciated level.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1973

In order to find out effects of the generative power of silk worm moth which have been brought up in the high temperature accommodation at their pupa stage. For this specific study, 9 different kinds of male silk worms have been selected as specimen. All those specimen were brought up in the normal temperature at their larvae stage and after the pupation period they have been accommodated in the condition of high temperature for a certain length in accordance with the study programme. Afterwards, those mlae specimen were copulated with Suwon jam 103${\times}$104 which were all brought up in normal conditions. This study was carried out to find the copulation function as well as the ratio of unfertilized eggs(male sterility test). Results of study have been revealed as follows: 1) Although some differences were observed, male pura which have been brought up in the condition of high temperature shown the low rate of unfertilized eggs rather than those were brought up in the normal conpition. 2) In this group the eclosion(emergency) has been found to be poor rather, than those specimen brought up in normal conditions. 3) The copulation function of Moran, Daedong, J124 and C108 specimen were found to be poor than those of Suwon jam. 4) Fertility rate of Moran, Daedong, J124 and C108 was found to be around 65%. This figure is rather lower than what we normally expect. 5) Unfertilized egg ratio of Moran, Daedong and C108 were found to be around 20% if they were brought up in the condition of high temperature for one day from the time of pupation: 40% at 2 days, and 70% at 3 days duration. More than 3 days treatment has shown no progress in the unfertilized egg ratio. 6) One day's treatment for the pupa at the later stage has shown the unfertilized egg ratio of about 10%; 20% at 2 day's treatment, 35% at 3 day's treatment, 40-60% at 4 day's treatment, more than 60% at 5 day's treatment, and the 70% of fertilized egg ratio was only observed when the treatment days come to 7 days. It was understood that the unfertilized egg ratio was high at the antepupa stage rather than that of post-pupa stage. 7) According to the result of observation the sperm in copulatory pouch and seminal receptacle out of the normal female silk worm which have been copulated with the male brought up in the condition of high temperature at their moth stage. The reproduction system found in the control zone has been found to be normal and the sperm is amountful and active in motion while the sperm found in the treatment to be limited in amount and slow in motion. The observation was made within 5 hours from the copulation. 8) According to the result of observation of sperm of seminal receptacles of the female silkworm moth, and according to that observation of sperm in the seminal receptacle in female silkworm moth, the amount of sperm and mobility in the female moth brought up in high temperature were poor comparing that were brought up in normal temperature zone. Some of them are even found to be no trace of such. 9) Appearance and mosle of the copulatory organ of the male silkworm moth was found to be no anatomical change. 10) Testis of the later pupa stage which was brought up in the high temperature was found to be almost net developed to anucleate sperm and they are degenerated at stage of between maturation division and sperm abnormal stage. Mean time at control zone, the formation of anucleate sperm was already observed.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This is to develop a new way of testing self-esteem by adopting DAP(Draw a Person) test and to make a platform to digitalize it for young people in the adolescent stage. This approach is to get high effectiveness of the self-esteem measurement using DAP test, including some personal inner situations which can be easily missed in the large statistical analysis. The other objective of this study is digitalize to recover limits of DAP test in the subjective rating standard. It is based on the distribution of the figure drawing expressed numerically by the anxiety index of Handler. For these two examinations, we made experiment through 4 stages with second grade middle school 73 students from July 30th to October 31th in 2009 during 4 months. Firstly, we executed 'Self Values Test' for all 73 people, and divided them into two groups; one is high self-esteem group of 36 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 37 people. Secondly, we regrouped them following D (Depression), Pd (Psychopathic Deviate), Sc (Schizophrenia) scales of MMPI; one is high self-esteem group of 7 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 13 people. Thirdly, we conducted DAP test separately for these 20 people. We intended to verify necessity and appropriateness of direction of 'Digitalizing Measurement System' by comparing and analyzing relation between DAP and Self-esteem following evaluation criteria which has similarity in 3 tests, after executing DAP to reflect peculiarity of adolescents sufficiently. We compared and analyzed result abstracted by sampling DAP test of two groups; One is high self-esteem group of 2 people, the other is low self-esteem group of 2 people; to confirm whether we can improve limitation that original psychological testing has by comparing mutual reliance of measurement test. Finally, with DAP test gained from correlations between self-esteem and melancholia following as above-mentioned steps, we discovered possibility of realization to get a concrete and individual criteria of evaluation based on Expert System as a way of enhancing accessibility in quantitative manner. 'Digitalizing Measurement Program' of DAP test suggested in this study promote results' reliability based on existing tests and measurement.