• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.310-323
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• 2023

Urbanization and income distribution issues are global interest, and the results of studies on the impact of urbanization on income inequality are different for each country and period. This study analyzes the impact of urbanization on income inequality using regional data from 2000-2021. In particular, serial correlation, spatial dependence, and common factor effects of the Gini coefficient are confirmed and analyzed through a dynamic spatial panel regression model. As a result, urbanization has a positive effect on reducing income inequality. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously promote regional urbanization to improve the income distribution problem. Areas with already high urbanization rates should reduce income inequality by narrowing the wage gap by expanding training opportunities for low-skilled workers, and need to come up with measures to prevent counter-urbanization.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.24 no.9
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• pp.13-21
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• 2008

Partitioning tracer method is a useful tool to characterize large domains of the aquifers contaminated with light nonaqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs). Sorption of the partitioning tracers to the organic matter content of soil can potentially influence the efficacy of partitioning tracer method. LNAPL-water partitioning coefficients of tracers ($K_{nw}$), measured by static method, showed linear relationship. Sorption isotherm tests were conducted to evaluate the sorption capacity of the soils packed in the columns and the results were appropriately represented by Freundlich sorption isotherm. The sorption of tracers proportionally increased with the increase of the organic matter content of the soil. Laboratory experiments were conducted in four columns each packed with soils of different organic matter contents to determine the potential interference effects of sorption to soil organic matter content and correction factors for the errors in estimation of LNAPLs by partitioning tracer method. Though there were no contaminants added, breakthrough curves from columns packed with mixture of Jumunjin standard sand and organic matter showed separation of tracers. Columns were then contaminated to residual saturation with kerosene and breakthrough curves were obtained. The results show that sorption of tracers to soil organic matter leads to an increase in the retardation factor (R) and hence, to an overestimation of the saturation of LNAPLs. A relation between the percentage of organic matter content and the corresponding percentage error in the estimation of NAPLs has been developed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.493-493
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• 2013

에싱(Ashing)공정을 위한 원격 유도 결합 플라즈마(remote ICP)에서 플라즈마 균일도를 향상하는 연구를 진행하였다. 본 연구에서는 고균일도 플라즈마 발생을 위해 단면적이 다른 2개의 반응 용기를 각각 상부와 하부에 설치하여 각각의 반응 용기 외곽에 방전 코일이 위치하도록 구성하였다. 0.7~1 Torr 공정 압력 범위의 질소와 산소 혼합 기체에서 2,500 W 전력을 인가하였고, 임피던스 정합회로로부터 각각 병렬로 연결된 방전 코일에 전력이 분배되어 인가된다. 에싱 공정을 위한 플라즈마 균일도를 분석하기 위해 Wafer의 위치에서 부유 탐침법을 적용하여 중심부에서 외곽부로 지름축 위치를 변화시키며 플라즈마 밀도와 전자온도를 측정하고, 공정 조건에 따른 에싱율(Asing Rate)을 측정하였다. 동일한공정 조건에서 하나의 방전 코일을 이용한 경우의 플라즈마 균일도 대비 이중 코일 구조를 이용한 경우 플라즈마 균일도가 크게 향상됨을 보였다. 이는 상부의 유도코일이 wafer 위치에서 주로 지름방향 중심부의 플라즈마 밀도에 기여하고, 하부의 유도코일은 주로 외곽의 플라즈마 밀도에 기여해서 나타나는 현상이다. 공정용 장비에서 플라즈마 균일도의 개선으로 공정 수율을 증가 시키는 효과를 기대할 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.67-71
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• 2015

In this Paper, we proposed optimization of system performance, power splitting protocols applied to relay in the cooperative communication undergo co-channel interference. When relay adjust power distribution factors undergo co-channel interference, it is possible to optimize and maximize the channel capacity of the receiver. Because of energy haversting, interfence transfer to new power source. If finding the optimal power levels, to solve inability in system, and to increase the efficiency of the network. Finally, performance of the proposed protocol is analyzed in terms of outage probability, capacity of system.

• 사회경제평론
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-27
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• 2018

We evaluate the income-led growth policies introduced in the first year of 'the Moon Government', and try to find ways to extend policy packages. We emphasize the expansion of fountain effects, reinforcing trickle-down effects, and fiscal expansion. Nevertheless, we still face two deep problems. It is hard to reverse the long-run downward growth trend due to population decline. It is also hard to overcome the chronic inefficiency in resource allocations originated from the Korea-specific monopolistic structure. We still can take advantage of income-led policy, but the growth effect will be limited if our efforts just remain in mild improvement of income distribution. We have to challenge the broader reform agenda if we really aim at great paradigm shift.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.711-720
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• 2002

A 3-D numerical model, which could demonstrate the static and dynamic responses of a curved bridge more precisely with the moving vehicles, was developed The dynamic response induced by the centrifugal rolling motion of vehicle was identified according to the variations of the partial grade and the curvature of the slab. Dynamic characteristics of the curved bridge with the moving vehicle were analyzed under the condition of support types and two different support systems. Parametric studies were conducted to compare the efficiency of load distribution in the curved bridge. In general, while the vehicle was crossing the curved bridge, negative reaction occurred in the inside of the girder. The final result showed that the support system located outside the girder was more advantageous than other systems, and the characteristics of load distributions differed from the others in the various conditions of support systems.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.457-470
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• 2016

Most CFD codes, that mainly adopt the heat partitioning model as the wall boiling model, have shown low accuracies in predicting the two-phase flow parameters of subcooled boiling phenomena under low pressure conditions. In this study, a number of subcooled boiling experiments in vertical channels were analyzed using a thermal-hydraulic component code, CUPID. The prediction of the void fraction distribution using the CUPID code agreed well with experimental data at high-pressure conditions; whereas at low-pressure conditions, the predicted void fraction deviated considerably from measured ones. Sensitivity tests were performed on the submodels for major parameters in the heat partitioning model to find the optimized sets of empirical correlations suitable for low-pressure subcooled flow boiling. The effect of the K-factor on the void fraction distribution was also evaluated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2021.06a
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• pp.186-186
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• 2021

농업가뭄은 관측과 예측이 용이하지 않고 정량적으로 나타내기도 어려운 자연현상이며, 우리나라의 경우 농업용수 이용량이 많고, 농업용 저수지, 양수장 등 이용형태가 다양하므로 강수 부족으로 농업가뭄이 발생한다고 해도 실제로 농업현장에서 느끼는 가뭄은 시·공간적으로 다를 수 있다. 농업용수 공급은 수문관리원이 경험을 통한 수문관리를 해오고 있으며, 그 방법 또한 정확한 계측이 아닌 경험으로 이루어지고 있어 공급량 관리가 정성적이고 제한적인 한계가 발생한다. 따라서, 수원공에서 수로조직 및 포장에 이르기까지의 용수공급 모의를 통해 농업용수 공급의 합리적인 분배, 말단 수로 및 포장까지 안정적인 용수공급을 위한 물공급 및 분배 효율 분석이 필요하다. 또한, 기존 농업용 수리시설물의 물 공급 능력 평가 및 들녘단위의 평야부 물 부족지역과 과잉공급된 지역의 정확한 파악을 위한 연구가 필요하다. 따라서, 농업용 저수지 및 양수장의 주목적인 관할 수혜구역에 대한 농업용수공급 안정성 및 관개효율을 평가하고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 상주지역의 덕가 저수지를 대상으로 양수장 위치에 따라 가상의 3가지 용수공급 시나리오를 구성하고 각 시나리오별 수로 네트워크 모의를 통해 평야부의 공급량 및 관개효율을 비교 분석하고자 한다. 2017년부터 2019년까지 농업기반시설관리시스템 (Rural Infrastructure Management System, RIMS) 저수율 데이터를 구축하였고, 유체의 흐름에 대한 수리적 특성을 모의할 수 있는 SWMM(Storm Water Management Model) 모형을 통해 관개기 동안의 농업용수 분배 모의와 공급효율을 분석하고자 한다.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 2006

A procedure for determining the lateral load pattern for pushover analysis which includes higher mode effects is presented in this study. It is well-known that the details of future earthquakes at particular site is almost impossible to predict accurately and that the code-design spectra try to represent at least the average nature of probable future earthquakes. Thus the code-design spectrum is directly used as the input earthquakes in this paper when incorporating higher mode effects in the pushover analysis so that the efforts for selecting input motions and constructing response spectrum needed in some existing method could be avoided. A case study based on the time history analysis of a irregular steel moment frame showed that the procedure proposed in this study generally outperforms various pushover analysis procedures of ATC-40 and FEMA 273. However, the proposed procedure tended to be conservative as compared with the time history analysis method.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.714-719
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• 2013

The bent peduncle phenomenon (BPP) is known as a kind of physiological disorders found in cut rose plants, which causes the reduction of cut flower yields. As yet unknown mechanisms, however, it has not been easy to find solutions for BPP. To address this challenge, this study was conducted to investigate the characteristics of floral morphology, growth, and endogenous phytohormone level of BPP shoots in cut rose plants (Rosa hybrida L. 'Beast'). Morphological observation confirmed the fact that BPP was accompanied by the early formation and being phyllody of a specific sepal among five sepals, which gave rise to peduncle bending in the upper part of the phyllody with fasciation. Year-round BPP frequency in 'Beast' cultivar was in the range of 5 to 20% with seasonal change, increasing rapidly with an average temperature rise in summer. Except bent peduncle, the BPP shoots appeared to grow normally in terms of speed and size of floral development in comparison with normal. However, carbohydrate distribution to the floral part in BPP shoots was significantly reduced. The level of endogenous IAA (3-Indoleacetic acid) within the floral part in BPP shoots was highly maintained during floral development, in contrast to normal shoots. $GA_3$ contents were not significantly different between normal and BPP shoots. This study indicates that BPP would be induced by a series of courses: abnormally early formation of a specific sepal relative to high temperature, being phyllody of the sepal with fasciation, and continuous supply of endogenous IAA by phyllody.