• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.58.2-58.2
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• 2011

국립기상연구소는 2000년부터 2010년까지(11년)의 위성자료와 수치모델의 재분석 자료를 이용하여 한반도영역에 대해서 $4km{\times}4km$ 해상도의 태양-기상자원지도를 계산하였다. 이러한 태양-기상자원지도를 기반으로 GIS 분석도구를 이용하여 지역별 태양에너지의 분포와 지역별 태양광의 기후특성을 분석하였다. 연구영역의 행정구역을 구분하고 각 지역별 에너지분포 및 변화특성을 쉽게 분석하기 위하여 GIS 분석도구를 사용하였다. 평균 연누적 태양에너지 자료를 분석한 결과 한반도에서는 경상도가 가장 풍부한 태양광에너지를 받고 있었으며 특히 대구광역시(5047MJ), 부산광역시(5019.4MJ)가 높게 나타났다. 북한지역에서는 함경남도(4719.1MJ)가 가장 풍부한 자원을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 월별 분포를 분석한 결과 대체로 연누적과 동일하게 남부지방의 경상도가 높은 태양광 에너지를 나타났다. 특히 7월 등의 여름철은 1월에 비해 절대적으로 에너지양이 많았다. 그러나 위도 38도를 중심으로 빈번한 장마전선을 동반한 구름의 이동으로 중부지방이 남부지방과 북부지방에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 또한 2000년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 월별 시계열 변화를 분석해본 결과 한반도 전역에서 태양광의 증가추세가 나타났다. 특히 부산광역시는 10년간 3.75MJ이 증가하였으며, 서울특별시는 3.645MJ/decade, 함경북도는 3.499MJ/decade의 증가경향을 보였다. 월별 시계열 그래프를 보면 2003년 8월과 2005년 4월을 기준으로 3부분에서 다른 특성이 나타나는데 이것은 각 구간별로 구름산출을 위하여 사용된 정지기상위성이 다르기 때문이다. 각 구간에서 사용된 위성은 GMS-5(2003년 8월 이전), GOES-9(2003년 8월~2005년 3월) 그리고 MTSAT-1R(2005년 4월이후)이다. 추후에는 태양광 자원이 풍부한 지역에 대해서 더욱 상세하게 태양광 에너지의 분포와 변화를 분석해보자 한다. 이러한 지역별 자원분석 자료는 지방자치단체들이 신재생에너지 개발계획을 세우는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2008

This study is to construe spatio-temporal characteristics of temperature in cities and changes of climatical regions in analyzing a change of Korea Peninsular climate. We used daily mean air temperature data which was collected in South and North Korea for the past 34 years from 1974 to 2007. We created temperature map of 500m resolution using Inverse Distance Weight in application with adiabatic lapse rate per month in linear relation with height and temperature. In the urbanization area, the data analyzed population in comparison with temperature changes by the year. An annual rising rate of temperature was calculated $0.0056^{\circ}C$, and the temperature was increased $2.14^{\circ}C$ from 1974 to 2107. The south climate region in Korea by the Warmth index was expanded to the middle climate region by the latitude after 1990s. A rise of urban area in mean temperature was $0.5-1.2^{\circ}C$, Seoul, metropolitan and cities which were high density of urbanization and industrialization with the population increase between 1980s and 1990s. In case of North Korea, Cities were Pyeongyang, Anju, Gaecheon, Hesan. A rise in cities areas in mean temperature has influence on vegetation, especially secondary growth such as winter buds of pine trees appears built-up area and outskirts in late Autumn. Finally, nowaday we confront diverse natural events over climatical changes, We need a long-term research to survey and analyze an index on the climatical changes to present a systematic approach and solution in the future.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2014

Under climate change, it is likely that the suitable area for forage crop cultivation would change in Korea. The potential cultivation areas for italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.), which has been considered one of an important forage crop in Korea, were identified using the EcoCrop model. To minimize the uncertainty associated with future projection under climate change, an ensemble approach was attempted using five climate change scenarios as inputs to the EcoCrop model. Our results indicated that most districts had relatively high suitability, e.g., >80, for italian ryegrass in South Korea. Still, suitability of the crop was considerably low in mountainous areas because it was assumed that a given variety of italian ryegrass had limited cold tolerance. It was predicted that suitability of italian ryegrass would increase until 2050s but decrease in 2080s in a relatively large number of regions due to high temperature. In North Korea, suitability of italian ryegrass was considerably low, e.g., 28 on average. Under climate change, however, it was projected that suitability of italian ryegrass would increase until 2080s. For example, suitability of italian ryegrass was more than 80 in 10 districts out of 14 by 2080s. Because cold tolerance of italian ryegrass varieties has been improved, it would be preferable to optimize parameters of the EcoCrop model for those varieties. In addition, it would be possible to grow italian ryegrass as the second crop following rice in Korea in the future. Thus, it merits further study to identify suitable areas for italian ryegrass cultivation after rice using new varieties of italian ryegrass.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.109-120
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• 2016

This study aims to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using indicators frequently used in previous studies as well as effective indicators for spatial planning like urban and environmental planning. For this purpose, fifteen indicators that influence urban thermal environments such as heat waves, urban heat island effects, and urban micro-climates were identified based on literature reviews. Indicators for presenting urban structure and spatial properties were included; for example, building volume as 'exposure to climate', buildings completed before 1980 as 'sensitivity', and green space areas as 'adaptive capacity'. Among them, twelve indicators were applied to assess vulnerability in urban thermal environments of Seoul by using a GIS spatial analysis combined with fuzzy logic. The results show that the Gangnam area is identified as more vulnerable to a heat environment as compared to the Gangbuk area. In the Gangnam area, Seocho-gu, Gangnam-gu, Dongjak-gu, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Gangseo-gu were relatively high in vulnerability, while Dongdaemun-gu, Gangbuk-gu, Gwangjin-gu, Jungrang-gu were relatively high in the Gangbuk area. Gwanak-gu, Dobong-gu, Eunpyeong-gu, and Nowon-gu, which include forested areas, have low vulnerability in the sectors of 'exposure to climate' and 'sensitivity' due to the impact of Gwanaksan and Bukhansan. However, some areas with high vulnerability like Seocho-gu and Gangnam-gu may have lower vulnerability if the indicator 'status of air conditioning' from the sector of 'adaptive capacity' is used. This study could support the establishment of a practicable thermal environment policy and spatial planning to reduce heat-related risks in the field of urban and environmental planning.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.151-157
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• 2004

In January the clo-values show two characteristic patterns on the insulation, Samjiyon has the highest clo-values while Changjon has the lowest in North Korea, and the coastal areas are lower than in the interior areas. This regional difference is a result of predominant temperature, wind speed and orographic effects. Particularly, in August the coastal areas are generally lower than the interior areas because of orographic effects(wind direction, wind speed). All regions except Samjiyon legions and northern interior regions have low values during the period from the early August to the middle of August. These are largely derived from the stable weather with the highest temperature, humidity and strong radiation by the North Pacific Anticyclone appears in Eastern Asia.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.569-579
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• 2004

Recently, the extreme drought is often occurred due to the global warming and the serious weather changes. Also, the problems of the water pollution In the developed areas, the oppositions from people in the upper stream area and water concession from the local governments affect the national request to get more clean water resources in upper stream of the undeveloped areas. It also brings on the necessity of recognition for water supply managements. Therefore, as the water demand is rapidly changes in the metropolitan areas, the capability of water supply from the north Han river basin dams should be appropriately investigated. In this study, we developed a simulation system using STELLA (equation omitted) software environment, a shared vision model, to analyze the possibility of the stable water supply from north Han river basin dams. Also, three different rules are applied on this model by dividing the water level to minimum(Rule 1), medium(Rule 2) and maximum(Rule 3). Using the rules, the safety yield changes are analyzed for dam rule curve of the reservoir and hydropower release.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2023

The wetland ecosystem has a key role in climate change and can capture and store carbon long-term as blue carbon. Currently, the Republic of Korea and People's Republic of China are preparing for the UNESCO World Natural Heritage Phase II inscription, and cross-border cooperation among the two Koreas and the People's Republic of China is expected in term of the coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region. However, there is a lack of research on the importance of coastal wetland in the Yellow Sea region for migratory bird habitats, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites. Thus, this study focused on the coastal wetland of the Yellow Sea region, including the southwestern coastal wetlands in the Republic of Korea, the Yancheng National Nature Reserve in the People's Republic of China designated as UNESCO World Natural Heritage, and the Mundok Migratory Bird Reserve in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, which is listed on the Tentative List. The cooperation for ecosystem conservation between the two Koreas and China was analyzed. The importance of coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region as habitats for migratory birds, roosting sites, feeding grounds, and stop-over sites, significant characteristics of Yellow Sea coastal wetlands, and conditions for cooperation among three countries, were analyzed. The direction of ecosystem conservation cooperation for coastal wetlands in the Yellow Sea region in this study will be developed into Pan-Yellow Sea conservation.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2003

This study was conducted to examine rice growth duration by analyzing agricultural climatic conditions at different latitudes in unified Korea. The climatic conditions of nine sites from Wunggi (latitude 42N) to Jeju (latitude 31N) were examined in this study. The rice growth duration of various cropping patterns was determined by analyzing consecutive days when effective daily mean air temperature was suitable for rice growth from the first seeding date to the last maturing date. The rice growth duration in Wunggi located in North Korea was available 138 days for machine transplanting, 115 days for direct seeding on dry paddy cultivation, and 97 days for direct seeding on a flooded surface with cultivation after seeding. On the other hand, the rice growth duration in Kwangju (latitude 35N) located in South Korea was 195 days for machine transplanting, 180 days for direct seeding on dry paddy cultivation, and 170 days for direct seeding on a flooded surface cultivation after seeding.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.214-219
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• 2010

In order to evaluate the benefits of global warming on the double cropping with staple crops in North-Korea, four aspects such as the increasing rate of air temperature, the wintering temperatures for winter crops, the causing temperature of cool injury to rice and the securing of accumulated temperature for the double cropping in the different agricultural climate zones were analyzed by comparing the differences between the past 22 years from 1973 to 1994 and the recent 5 years from 2002 to 2006. The warming rate in recent daily mean air temperature of $8.96^{\circ}C$ in North Korea was higher by $0.64^{\circ}C$ than that in the past with large regional variations ranging from $1.06^{\circ}C$ in Samjiyeon of northern inland semi-alpine zone to $12.26^{\circ}C$ in Jangjeon of east central coastal zone. With the accumulated temperatures of more than $3,150^{\circ}C$ and $2,650^{\circ}C$, it was possible to apply the double cropping patterns with winter wheat and for cropping patterns with spring potato, respectively, to the whole region except for the northern inland semi-alpine zone. However, the wintering temperature higher than $-15^{\circ}C$ of average daily minimum air temperature of January, cropping patterns were impossible to northern inland semi-alpine zone and most regions of the northern mountainous zone. The days passed by below $17^{\circ}C$ in daily mean air temperature, causing the spikelet sterility at meiotic stage of rice in July, were a lot recorded from 21 to 29 days in northern inland semi-alpine zone and from 2 to 10 days in east-northern coastal zone, respectively. Therefore, a reasonable utilization of heat / temperature resources would relieve the limiting factors in double cropping for stable production of staple crops in North-Korea.

• Water for future
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.203-214
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• 1996

Quantifying water balance components is crucial to understanding the basic hydrology and hydrochemistry. An importance of water balance has been suggested in order to grasp actual condition of water resources and environmental changes including climatic changes. The present paper proposes an evaluation method of the water balance components based on vegetation monitoring from remote sensing data. In this study, evapotranspiration model adopts a directmethod by using NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) calculated from NOAA/AVHRR data and the detailed description of water balance by using the evapotranspiration in all over the Korean Peninsula. Areal distribution data sets of evapotranspiration in all over the Korean Peninsula. Areal distribution data sets of evapotranspiration, runoff ratio, water surplus and deficit are produced using NDVI and simplified water balance model. This method enables to discuss the hydrological problems for North Korea where enough meteorological and hydrological data are unavailable.