• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.312-322
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• 1999

We have studied both submarine morphology and sediment characteristics of waste disposal sites in the southwestern Ulleung Basin, East Sea, as part of a marine environmental preservation program. The Jung waste disposal site in the outer shelf is characterized by the thick accumulation of coarse-grained palimpsest sediments and fine-grained sediments from various sources. The Byung waste disposal site in the continental slope is generally characterized by hemipelagic muds with intermittent sandy sediments originated from the outer shelf and upper slope. The hemipelagic sediments, draping the seafloor, consist of fluidized muds. The core sediments show numerous bioturbation structures which cause vertical mixing of sediments. The surface sediments can be divided into four sand types (S-1, S-2, S-3, and S-4) and two mud types (M-1 and M-2) based on relative contents of reworked coarse-grained palimpsest sediments and fine-grained sediments. sorting and heavy mineral contents. The sands are probably relict sediments reworked during high-energy conditions such as typoon or storm. On the other hand, the muds were originated from various sources such as recent input from the Nakdong River, reworked fine-grained sediment from the shelf or suspended particulate matter from the East Sea Warm Current.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.9
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• pp.597-603
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• 2012

To investigate the effects of weir construction on sediment characteristics of river bed, we conducted sediments sampling on the 9 locations near the weir, Kangchun, Yuju and Ipo in Namhan-River. Physical and chemical characteristics of sediments were analyzed by measuring particle size distribution, water content, Ignition loss, COD (Chemical Oxyzen Demand), TOC (Total Organic Carbon), TP (Total Phosphorus), SRP (Soluble Reactive Phosphorus) and TN (Total Nitrogen). Particle classification of all three weir sediments showed sandy loam that was caused by the river bed dredging. Due to the presence of weir, Ignition loss, COD, TOC, TP, SRP and TN showed similar trend such as the concentrations of upward weir had higher than those of downward weir. For the case of SRP concentration and C/N ratio, however, there is not much difference in the sediment characteristics compared to the those of sediments before weir construction. Therefore, It can be predicted that there are little effects of weir construction on sediment characteristics. However, weir construction could influence water quality of the river by controlling the transport and the accumulation of suspended materials from rainfall. Therefore, more intensive monitoring is required to examine the magnitude and patterns of sediment accumulation which could influence overlying water quality.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.687-699
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• 2001

A 2-dimensional numerical sediment transport model has been developed by using erosion rates observed by SEDFLUME. The model un boundary-fitted coordinate can reduce inaccuracy of sediment model with accurate erosion data. Suspended transport and bed load transport are included in the model together. The model results gave good agreement with particle size distributions in 1-d channel and was more accurate than that of HIDAS of 1-dimensional model. The model applied to an enlarging channel to check model performance in 2-dimensional domain. Bed coarsening reduced erosion and deposition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.57-60
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• 1995

연안에서 파랑은 심해에서는 해수면 근방에서 운동량이 크며 따라서 구조물에 작용하는 힘도 해수면 근방에서 크다. 반면 천해역에서는 해저면에서의 운동량도 상당하며, 이러한 해저면에서의 파랑에 관련된 수입자의 운동은 해저 퇴적물의 이동에 직접 영향을 미친다. 해저면에서의 비활 조건(no-slip condition)에 의하여 파랑 경계층내의 해수의 거동은 복잡하다. 이러한 해저면 경계층의 거동을 파악하기 의한 접근 방법은 크게 둘로 나눌 수 있다. (중략)

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 1998

The transport of suspended matter was interpreted in the coastal zone off Taean Peninsula during the summer (June) in 1996. Coastal waters were homogenous in water temperature and salinity, whereas offshore waters were characterzed by the strong thermocline. Mixing between coastal and offshore waters are negligeable, largely lessened, due to the existence of strong tidal front between the two water masses. In the offshore area, less saline coastal waters from the Kyunggi Bay are considered to be transported southward along the mid-depth layer of thermocline. Concentration of suspended matters was higher than 5 mg/l in the northern coastal area near the Kyunggi Bay, but generally less than 2 mg/l in the offshore area. Less saline waters along the mid-depth layer in the offshore area sustain maximum turbidities throughout the water column. Therefore suspended matters supplied from the coastal area of Kyunggi Bay are considered to be transported southward by the advective movement of less saline coastal waters. Mean particle size of the suspended matters shows 2~9 ${\mu}m$. Coarse grains (mean size larger than 7 ${\mu}m$) are predominant in the less saline coastal waters extending to the offshore mid-depth waters. Such size distributions of suspended matters together with the characteristics of water masses are considered to be an indicator for the southward movement of suspended matters derived from Kyunggi Bay.

• 한국해양학회지
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 1995

The modal analysis was carried out for the total of 216 subface sediments of southern continental shelf of Korean peninsula. Sandy mud or muddy sand distributed in the range of 70∼100 m water depth revealed the bimodal type (sand and mud components). The relations of textural parameters obtained from every modal were consistent with those of shallow marine sediments. The characteristics of sand component between bimodal were as follows: (1) the distributions of mean grain size, sorting, shell content were repeatedly distributed like the directions of depth contour lines. (2) Sand component was composed of medium to fine sand (Mz, 1-3$\psi$) containing many shell fragments, a few pebbles, and iron-stained quartz. (3) The surface of quartz revealed the concordial breakage and V-shaped features formed at high energy environment. (4) In CM-pattern, sand component was plotted in rolling and bottom suspension area. These characteristics imply that sand component probably derives from shoreface sediments deposited at the beach environment.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.48-55
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• 2009

To investigate the paleoceanographic environmental changes around the Okinawa Trough, Japan, a piston core (RN88-PC5) was conducted on benthic foraminiferal species composition, assemblage, sedimentological and geochemical analyses. Trubidite sediment intercalated in studied core contains different benthic foraminiferal species, dwelling in shallow coral reef species, from normal hemipelagic sediment. These different benthic foraminiferal species and its assemblage are interpreted as reworked sediment when turbidite current occurred, synchronically. Grain size analysis clearly showed that mean grain size difference occurred between trubidite and hemipelagic sediments. Geochemical analysis also showed the difference of chemical composition between two sedimentary facies. Results of the foraminiferal oxygen isotope analysis showing global surface water warming records since the last 10 ka. The geochemcial analysis and previous works showed that turbidite sediment of studied core indicating sporadic occurrence of regional paleoceanographic events. Assemblage of shallow coral reef benthic foraminifera especially occurred with turbidite layer clearly support the sporadic occurrence of paleoceanographic events such as regional earthquake.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 1989

The Holocene marine surficial sediments and submarine morphology of the continental shelf of the Korea South Sea have been investigated to understand the evolutionary history of tile continental shelf sedimentation in relation to Holocelle sea level fluctuations. It is considered that along 120m $\pm$ $\alpha$ water depth of so-called Pusan Trough between the Tsushima Island and Pusan, Korea the lowest stand of Holocene sea level seems to be existed.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.11
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• pp.715-723
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• 2017

Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) in the water environment assemble fine, colloidal particles, such as clays, microorganisms and biomass, in large flocs, which are eventually subject to sedimentation and deposition and determine water/sediment quality and quantity. This study hence aimed to investigate the way that water and colloidal chemistry affects EPS-mediated flocculation of colloidal particles, using a jar-test experiment. Especially, ionic strength, divalent cation and humic substances concentrations were selected as experimental variables in the jar-test experiments, to elucidate their effects on EPS-mediated flocculation. A higher ionic strength increased flocculation capability, reducing electrostatic repulsion between EPS-attached colloidal particles and enhancing particle aggregation. 0.1 M NaCl ionic strength had higher flocculation capability, with 3 times larger floc size and 2.5 times lower suspended solid concentration, than 0.001 M NaCl. Divalent cations, such as $Ca^{2+}$, built divalent cationic bridges between colloidal particles and EPS (i.e., $colloid-Ca^{2+}-EPS$ or $EPS-Ca^{2+}-EPS$) and hence made colloidal particles to build into large, settelable flocs. A small $Ca^{2+}$ concentration enhanced flocculation capability, reducing suspended solid concentration 20 times lower than the initial dosed concentration. However, humic substances, adsorbed on colloidal particles, reduced flocculation, because they blocked EPS adsorption on colloidal particles and increased negative charges and electrostatic repulsion of colloidal particles. Suspended solid concentration in the tests with humic substances remained as high as the initial dosed concentration, indicating stabilization rather than flocculation. Findings about EPS-mediated flocculation in this research will be used for better understanding the fate and transport of colloidal particles in the water environment and for developing the best management practices for water/sediment quality.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.499-499
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• 2016

본 연구는 오염된 농업용 저수지에 대하여 수층에 따른 수질 변화 특성을 조사하고, 저수지 저부의 퇴적물에 대한 용출 실험을 통해 수층별 수질 특성이 퇴적물의 용출에 미치는 영향을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 연구 대상 저수지의 선정은 설치년도 1960년대를 기준으로 이전과 이후로 분류하였으며, 주요 오염원을 축산계와 생활계 오염원으로 분류하여 각 다른 특성을 가진 저수지를 선정하여 조사하였다. 내부 오염 부하량이 수체에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위해 실시한 용출량 실험 결과, 호기 조건에서 축산계오염원 저수지의 T-P가 미미하게 용출이 일어난 것을 제외하고는 생활계, 축산계오염원 저수지에서 용출이 일어나지 않았다. 반면에 혐기 조건의 경우에는 생활계오염원 보다는 축산계오염원 저수지에서, 1960년대 이후 설치된 저수지에서 보다는 1960년대 이전에 설치된 저수지에서 용출이 크게 일어나는 것으로 조사 되었다. 혐기 조건에서 T-N의 경우 생활계오염원과 1960년대 이후 설치된 저수지에서는 용출이 일어나지 않았으나, 그 외의 항목에서는 모두 용출이 일어나는 것으로 분석되었다. 특히 혐기조건에서는 모든 연구대상 저수지에서 T-P의 용출이 크게 일어나는 것으로 조사되었는데, 이는 부영양화의 주요 영향인자로 작용할 수 있으므로 저수지 저부의 혐기조건이 형성되는 것을 제어?관리해야 할 필요성이 있다고 하겠다. 연구 저수지에 대한 현장 조사 결과, 가뭄의 영향으로 수위가 평년에 비해 상당히 낮았으며, 저수량의 부족으로 저수지 주변의 바닥이 드러나거나 유출이 없는 등의 특징을 보였다. 수심이 낮은 5~7월의 조사 시기에는 표층의 DO 농도가 높음에도 저층부의 DO 농도는 1.2~2.2 mg/L를 나타내 약혐기조건이 형성됨을 확인하였다. 또한 현장측정기(HYDROLAB_Quanta)를 이용한 DO측정시, 저층부 퇴적물의 재부유를 막기 위해 저층경계면에서 30~50cm 윗부분을 측정했다는 점에서 저층부 바닥면의 DO 농도가 더 낮을 수 있다고 추정할 수 있다. 이는 이 시기에 퇴적층에 존재하는 오염물질의 용출이 충분히 일어날 수 있으며, 이후 8~11월에 수계 내 환란 및 순환에 의해 오염물질이 수중으로 이동하게 되고, 수질을 악화시키는 원인으로 작용할 수 있음을 추론할 수 있다. 이와 같이 퇴적되어 있던 오염물질이 계속적으로 용출 및 순환을 해마다 반복한다면 해당 저수지는 장기간 수질 오염 저수지가 될 수밖에 없을 것이다. 따라서 이러한 내부오염부하가 크다고 판단되는 저수지에 대하여 오염퇴적물의 관리가 필요하다고 하겠다.