• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.799-806
• /
• 2012

Approximately 80 species of bacteria were isolated from the fermented mushroom first and the HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was selected to the final isolation bacteria. It has a high degree of CMCase, amylase, and protease activity as well as high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria without affecting the growth and development of Flammulina velutipes and Lentinus edodes mushrooms. The finally selected HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism was identified as Bacillus sp. HJ-57. The initial pH for culture was pH7 and its optimum culture temperature was $35^{\circ}C$. The antibacterial material produced by Bacillus sp. HJ-57 showed a little antibacterial activity even in the 12 hr of culture, but showed the highest antibacterial activity in the 36~48 hr of culture. The HJ-57 antibacterial micro-organism also showed a high antibacterial activity against mushroom pathogenic bacteria and molds in the corn cob contained culture medium is used in Flammulina velutipes cultivators.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
• /
• v.40 no.2
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2004

A bacterium producing alkaline cellulase was isolated from soil, leaf mold and compost, and was identified as alkalophilic Bacillus sp. HSH-810 by morphological, cultural and biochemical determination. The optimum cul-ture condition of Bacillus sp. HSH-810 for the growth and alkaline cellulase production was $30^{\circ}C$ and pH 10.0. The maximum alkaline cellulase production was obtained when 1.0%(w/v) CMC, 0.5%(w/v) peptone, 0.02%(w/v) $CaCl_2$ and 0.02(w/v) $CoCl_2$ were used as carbon source, nitrogen source and mineral source, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme activity were pH 10.5 and $50^{\circ}C$, respectively. This enzyme was fairly stable in the pH range of 6.0-13.0 and at $50^{\circ}C$. For the effect of surfactants, the activity of alkaline cellulase was stable in the presence of sodium-$\alpha$-olefin sulfonate (AOS), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS), Tween 20 and Tween 80, but inhibited by the presence of 0.1 linear alkyl-benzene sulfonate (LAS) sig-nificantly.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 1996

This study was conducted to determine the effect of treatment with the plant-growth-promoting bacteria on the growth of red pepper(Capsicum annuum L.).The eight plant-growth-promoting bacteria were isolated from the humic soil in the forest region. The isolated bacteria(IB) was identified by the method of the biochemical test(API kit) and the composition of the fatty acid(MIDI system).The IBs were inoculated by spray of 17ml at 72 cell tray filled with peatmoss every week. respectively, with mixed liquid eulture of eight strains. The IBs were identified as Micrococcus sp.. Bacillus subtilis. Enterobacter agglomerans, Bacillus megaterium, Pseudomonas putida. Pseudomonas fluorescens, Xanthomonas maltophilia and Staphylococcus xylosus by API kit and MIDI system. The plant height number of leaves and leaf length of red pepper grown on peatmoss treated with the IB were better than those of nontreatment at the 10th day after inoculation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.267-272
• /
• 2007

Microorganisms capable of degrading poly(butylene succinate-co-butylene adipate) (PBSA) were isolated from 40 soil samples such as landfill site soil, cultivating soil and activated sludge soil from 20 different sites in Korea by using the enrichment culture and the clear zone test at $37^{\circ}C$. Based on the 16S rDNA sequences, the isolated bacterium was identified to be Streptomyces sp. PBSA-1. Morphological and cultural characteristics were employed for the identification of the isolated fungi and they were proved to be Aspergillus fumigatus PBSA-2 and Aspergillus fumigatus PBSA-3. The PBSA degradation activity of the isolated microorganisms was enhanced through the serial acclimation in PBSA plate medium. The PBSA degrading microorganisms appeared to be highly active for the PBSA degradation in that 83% of PBSA was degraded by Streptomyces sp. PBSA-l, and 65% and 75% of PBSA was mineralized by A. fumigatus PBSA2 and A. fumigatus PBSA-3 respectively during 40 days of the modified Sturm test.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.43-48
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out in order to investigate the photosynthesis response and leaf characteristics of Peucedanum japonicum growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by leaf mold (pine tree and chestnut tree) and shading levels (0%, 35%, 50% and 75% shading). Light relative intensity was 100% (full sunlight), 60.3% (35% shading), 35.1% (50% shading), and 17.4% (75% shading) respectively. Light response curves of pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold were the highest in control (full sunlight) and these were getting lower in the higher shading level. Photosynthesis capacity and light saturation point were indicated higher in chestnut-leaf mold within the same shading level. As the shading level increased, maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. And apparent quantum yield was not indicated statistically significant difference from all treatment. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were significant higher in 35% shading and control under chestnut-leaf mold in all treatment. As the shading level increased, LAR (leaf area ratio), SLA (specific leaf area) and SPAD value decreased in pine-leaf mold and chestnut-leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, P. japonicum is judged better growth and higher yield by maintaining 35% shading (relative light intensity 60%) under chestnut-leaf mold in forest farming.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.174-181
• /
• 1992

Early, mid, and late maturing soybean varieties were artificially infested with larvae of Delia platura at seeding, and then later development and productivity of soybeans were studied. In addition, in hope to utilize as possible tactics in the management of D. platura in soybeans, cultural factors such as contents of organic matter in soil, soil types, and the use of plastic mulching on the degree of damage to soybean plants by D. platura were examined. Primary leaf damage by the larva delayed the forthcoming vegetative growth but not the blooming which is initiated by the change in day length. Degree of delay in growth was more severe where leaf damage was induced by insect infestation than where artificially excised, apparently owing to simultaneous damage in stems and roots besides primary leaves. Productivity of soybeans also dropped significantly in plants with 25 % or more loss in the primary leaf area by the larva. Both transparent and black plastic mulchings shortened the period from seeding to emergence of soybean thus reducing the chance of possible attack by the larva. Soybean seedlings grown in clay loam or clay were attacked less by the larva than those in other types of soil. High organic matter content in the soil enhanced speed of emergence resulting in less larval damage to the seedling.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.161-167
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out to determine the effects of light controls and leaf mold on root growth and physiological responses of Atractylodes japonica growing in forest farming. The experiment was performed by light controls (100%, 62.5%, 40.3% and 19.7% of full sunlight) and application of leaf mold to soil. Height, stem diameter, number of flower buds and root collar diameter were the highest in leaf mold within 62.5% of full sunlight (relative light intensity 62.5%). And these were the higher in leaf mold within each light level. As the shading level increased, light saturation point and maximum photosynthesis rate decreased. As the light level decreased, SPAD value increased in control and leaf mold. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, A. japonica was judged worse root growth under the lower light level. It was concluded that the light level was one of the most important factors to produce A. japonica. Also, producing high-quality of A. japonica with the price competitiveness by using leaf mold like the experiment can be an effective way to increase incomes for farmers.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.43 no.6
• /
• pp.771-775
• /
• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate soil and environment characteristics of Schizandra Chinensis Baillon habitat as a part of establishment of conservation plan for important medicinal crop resources in Jangsu-gun, Jeollabuk-do. These habitats are mostly located on the slopes of mountains facing northwest at an altitude of 500 m to 700 m with angles of inclination ranging from 17.6 to 36.4%. Average yearly precipitation and temperature of Schizandra Chinensis Baillon habitat were 1,493.4 mm and $16.9^{\circ}C$, respectively. The number of plant species growing in Schizandra Chinensis Baillon habitat was found 55 species. Salix gracilistyla, Lespedeza bicolor, and Artemisia princeps var. were shown higher density and coverage. Chemical quality of Schizandra Chinensis Baillon habitats soils was relatively higher than artificial cultivation soil.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
• /
• v.41 no.3
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2021

With climate change, debris flow has been increasing due to the collapse and erosion of shallow slopes caused by extreme rainfall. It is preferred to an economical and eco-friendly method rather than reinforcement of soil slopes with the earth anchor or nailing method. In this study, a soil improvement agent was developed by utilizing insitu soil, leaf mold, and used harbal medicine to help sufficient vegetation. In addition, to prevent surface erosion, shear strength of the soil was increased by using micro cement and hemihydrate gypsum as additives. The optimum mix ratio of the mixture is determined by increasing the shear strength by checking the erosion progress of the ground surface layer due to rainfall through an laboratory test. The safety factor of soil slope has been improved on the slope surface reinforced by the improvement agent, and the strength of erosion has been increased, making it efficient to cope with heavy rain during wet season.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.56-64
• /
• 2001

Composting of livestock feces is economic and safe process to decrease the possibility of direct leakage of organic pollutants to ecosystem from commercial and environmental point of view. This study was conducted with three different experiments related to composting of livestock feces. The purpose of experiment 1 was to investigate changes of characteristic of compost pile during composting period by low temperature in cold season. To compare composting effect of experimental compost pile and control pile exposed in cold air, experimental compost piles were warmed up by hot air until their temperatures were reached at $35^{\circ}C$. Sawdust, Ricehull and Ricestraw were mixed with livestock feces as bulking agent. The highest temperatures of compost pile during composting period were in sawdust, rice hull, rice straw, and control were $75^{\circ}C$, $76^{\circ}C$, $68^{\circ}C$, $45^{\circ}C$ respectively. Moisture content, pH, C/N and volume of compost were decreased during composting period. Experiment 2 was carried out to study utilization effect of compost by plant. A corn was cultivated for 3 years on fertilized land with compost and chemical fertilizer. The amount of harvest and nutrition value of corn were analyzed. In first year of trial, the amount of harvest of corn on land treated with compost was lower by 20% than that of land treated with chemical fertilizer. In second year, there was no difference in yield of com between compost and chemical fertilizer. In third year, the yield of com on land fertilized with compost was much more than that of land fertilized with chemical fertilizer. The purpose of experiment 3 was to estimate the decrease of malodorous gas originating from livestock feces by bio-filter. Four types of bio-filters filled with saw dust, night soil, fermented compost and leaf mold were manufactured and tested. Each bio-filter achieved 87-95% $NH_3$ removal efficiency. This performance was maintained for 10 days. The highest $NH_3$ removal efficiency was achieved by leaf mold on the first day of operation period. It reduced the concentration of $NH_3$ by about 95%. Night soil and fermented compost showed nearly equal performance of 93 to 94% for 10 days from the beginning of operation. The concentration of hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan originating for compost were equal to or less than $3mg/{\ell}$ and $2mg/{\ell}$, respectively. After passing throughout the bio-filter, hydrogen sulfide and methyl mercaptan were not detected.