• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.155-160
• /
• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pain recovery pattern according to the integrity and to analyze the factors affecting the progress and level of pain postoperatively. Materials and Methods: We examined 153 patients, who were treated with arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. 101 rotator cuff tears were full-thickness tear and 52 were partial tear. The mean follow up duration was 20 months (12~30 months). We evaluated the visual analogue scale, range of motion, ASES (American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons), and UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles) scores preoperatively and postoperatively. We analyzed the pain recovery pattern between partial and full thickness tear using Student T-test and the factors affecting the progress and level of postoperative pain using multiple regression analysis. Results: The change patterns of visual analogue scale after arthroscpoic repair were similar regardless of the tear integrity. The VAS showed a continuous decreasing pattern, but increased at first 3 weeks postoperatively and at 7 weeks postoperatively, and then, decreased thereafter. The average VAS was ${\leqq}2$ points by postoperative 3 months. The factor affecting the pain score at 3 months was related to the preoperative limitation in forward flexion ($r^2=0.377$, p=0.021). Conclusion: There was no differences of the pain recovery pattern according to the integrity, and the factor affecting the progress of postoperative pain was preoperative angle of forward elevation. So, the appropriate preoperative rehabilitation protocol that can improve motions of the shoulder joint would help to improve the level of postoperative pain and functional recovery.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.14-23
• /
• 2012

Due to the increase of aged housing demolition in preparation for the rapid growth of the market, Eco-friendly remodeling demolition work which can minimize environmental destruction have been studied. However, the owner or contractor to apply for eco-friendly remodeling demolition work does not reflect the characteristics of the site can not have a potential for many variables. In addition, There is no standard which can find effective part and catch a problem by performing eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Therefore, the project owner and construction company executives in the Pre-construction stage to the implementation of eco-friendly remodeling demolition construction by providing a model for the pre-evaluating the project. In this paper, the performance of eco-friendly remodeling of demolitions is proposed for the pre-evaluating model. After the eight items were drawn affecting the performances which are influence to accomplishment of the eco-friendly remodeling demolition, evaluation criteria was suggested for each item. Also By classifying and assessing the evaluation items, It will be able to identify the problems and supplements for eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Through the final evaluation sheet, The works of the appropriacy and supplement will be checked for the eco-friendly remodeling demolition. Finally The preinvestigation model is helpful for making the plan of systematic demolition, futhermore It is contribute to the expansion of the eco-friendly remodeling demolition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.46 no.10
• /
• pp.1171-1177
• /
• 2017

This study evaluated the functional components of barley bran with different particle sizes and cultivars (Dahan, Hinchalssalbori, Heukgwang, Huknuri, and Boseokchal). Barley bran divided into fractions I (<60 mesh), II (60~100 mesh), and III (>100 mesh) was collected as pearling by-products produced by an industrial process consisting of consecutive barley pearlers. Total ${\beta}-glucan$ contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. Total arabinoxylan was the highest in barley bran from Boseokchal in fraction II. Total polyphenol contents were the highest in bran from Boseokchal and Hinchalssal in fraction II, and contents ranged of 5.61~7.00 and 4.24~6.58, respectively. Total flavonoid contents of all cultivars were especially highest in fraction II. 2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities ranged from 2.78~7.53 mg L-ascorbic acid (AA) eq/g and 2.24~4.83 mg AA eq/g, respectively. ABTS and DPPH radical scavenging activities were the highest in barley bran from Dahan in fraction II. In this study, fraction II showed enriched functional components and has the best particle size range for enriched antioxidant activities. These results provide useful data for selection of appropriate cultivars and particle size of bran to achieve high quality barley processing.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
• /
• 2003.11a
• /
• pp.1086-1087
• /
• 2003

오늘날 급변하는 사회경제적 환경 때문에 현대인의 영양과 건강에 대한 관심은 날이 갈수록 높아지고 있어 대중매체에서도 영양과 건강에 대한 정보를 전달하는 경우가 많아지고 있다. 특히 방송매체 중 공중파 TV 프로그램에서의 정보들은 쉽게 접할 수 있어 올바른 영양 및 건강생활을 위한 정보나 실천지침을 국민들에게 전달되는 통로서의 긍정적인 부분도 있으나 시간상 제작환경상 등의 제약으로 인해 왜곡된 정보를 전달하는 부정적인 부분도 있다. 이에 건강관련 식품영양정보 모니터링을 통해 객관적인 평가와 문제점을 파악한 후 유형별로 분류, 분석하여 개선방안을 마련하기 위해서 본 연구에서는 방송매체중 공중파 TV프로그램 중 정확한 보도와 정보전달을 목적으로 하는 프로그램과 드라마 중 가족드라마를 선정하여 건강관련 식품영양정보의 양적 질적 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 건강관련 식품영양 정보들에 대한 건수, 시간수, 주제, 취재원, 적절성과 부적절성 평가 및 부적절성의 요인들을 양적 질적으로 평가하여 연도별 비교분석을 하였다. 2002년도 4월 30일부터 2003년 9월 30일까지 모니터링 전문 교육을 마친 식품영양학 전공 모니터원이 조사기간 중 담당 프로그램을 모니터하여 각 프로그램에 나타난 식품영양정보의 양과 질을 조사하여 SPSS 통계팩키지를 사용하여 빈도 및 평균분석을 하였다. 총 모니터건수는 15,226건이었으며, 이중 총 건강관련정보건수는 5,623건으로 36.9%를, 식품영양관련 정보는 4,848건으로 31.8%를 차지하는 것으로 분석되었다. 총 건강관련 정보 대비 식품영양정보건수의 비율은 86.2%로 높게 나타났다. 뉴스프로그램의 총 건강관련 정보수는 17.9%에서 16.1%, 식품영양정보수의 비율은 6.6%에서 3.6%로 낮아졌으며, 건강정보프로그램의 총 건강관련 정보수는 51.5% 에서 94.6%, 식품영양정보수의 비율은 32.4%에서 57.4%로 높게 나타났다. 드라마의 식생활관련 장면 방송시간비율은 20.8%에서 17.2%로 낮게 나타났다. 뉴스프로그램에서 건강관련정보가 가장 많이 보도되는 달은 2002년 10월, 2003년 9월로 나타났다. 건강관련 정보의 주제로는 뉴스프로그램은 질환, 건강정보프로그램은 음식, 어린이교육프로그램은 식품, 노인정보프로그램은 생활습관이 가장 높게 나타났다. 정보의 취재원으로는 전문가와 일반인의 인터뷰가 73.7%로 가장 많았다. 식품영양정보의 부적절한 평가율은 뉴스는 49.3%에서 72.2%로, 건강정보프로그램은 54.0%에서 67.8%로 2002년보다 2003년도에 높게 나타났으나, 드라마는 63.2%에서 16.2%로 낮게 나타났으며, 어린이교육프로그램 40.0%, 노인정보프로그램 17.9%인 것으로 나타났다. 드라마의 식생활 장면에서 음식의 양이 부적절한 경우는 28.6%에서 15.8%로 낮아졌으나, 음주장면의 경우 10.7%에서 11.5%로 증가하였음은 앞으로 개선이 필요하다고 생각된다. 흡연 장면의 경우 드라마상의 흡연장면 방송금지 선언의 여파로 1.6%에서 0.2%로 감소하였다. 뉴스 및 정보프로그램에서는 부적절한 평가를 받은 정보들은 적정섭취량이나 실생활에 활용할 실천방안 등에 대한 제시가 없는 경우가 가장 많았으며, 전문용어에 대한 설명부족, 영양가 비교기준이 다르거나, 식품 등의 효과에 대한 내용이 과장된 경우가 많았다. 드라마의 경우 음주, 커피, 야식 등 불필요한 식사장면이 많이 나오거나 음식의 양이 사람수에 비해 많다라는 평가가 가장 높게 나타났다. 연구 결과 TV 프로그램에서 다루는 건강관련 정보기사가 차지하는 비율과 이중 식품영양정보기사가 차지하는 비율이 높아지고 있으나 건강관련정보기사의 질적인 평가에서는 부적절한 평가를 받은 비율도 함께 높아지고 있어 이의 개선이 시급히 요구된다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.30 no.4
• /
• pp.454-463
• /
• 2009

In this study, from January 2006 to February 2009, we observed 107 ice spikes formed in a natural state, and analyzed their environment. We developed an experimental device to reproduce ice spikes in laboratory and successfully made 531 ice spikes. We analyzed the process of the formation and the principle of how those ice spikes grow through videotaped data of the formation in the experiment. In the natural world, when the surface of water and the lower part of a vessel begin to freeze, a vent (breathing hole) develops at the surface where an ice is not frozen; this vent serves as the seed of an ice spike. It is assumed that the volume expansion of ice in the vessel which occurs when water freezes makes the supercooled water go upward through the vent and becomes an ice bar called an ice spike. In the laboratory, however, when distilled water is poured into an ice tray cube and kept in the experimental device for about one and a half hours at a temperature of -12- $-13^{\circ}C$, a thin layer of ice then begins to develop on the surface of the water, the vent is formed, and ice spikes form for about 10-30 minutes. These spikes stop growing when the end becomes clogged. Ice spikes can be described as falling into seven categories of shape, with the apex type topping the list followed by the slant type in the natural state and the vertical type predominating in the laboratory.

• Conservation Science in Museum
• /
• v.27
• /
• pp.103-124
• /
• 2022

This study examined the properties of the materials used in the three-story pagoda at Jangha-ri, Buyeo. It was performed in order to identify the objective condition of the pagoda and establish an appropriate plan for the conservation treatment of the pagoda. According to the study, the average total magnetic susceptibility was 3.71 (10^-3 SI unit), and at least four types of granite with different origins were likely used in the production of the pagoda. The ultrasonic velocity averaged 1,519m/s, and the coefficient of weathering showed an average of grade 4. The thermal gradient between the cement (restoration materials) and original materials was identified through thermal imaging. In some areas, the cement restoration materials required replacement with new stone materials with properties similar to those of the original stone materials. Taking into account these results, a map of weathering damage was prepared and appropriate conservation treatment plans were established based on the findings of previous studies. Since the pagoda had suffered severe biological damage and discoloration, surface contaminants were removed through wet cleaning with distilled water and a brush. The exfoliated areas were reinforced on the site by mixing epoxy resin with powdered stone with the same properties as the original stone materials of the pagoda.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.188-201
• /
• 2005

This is the first part of a two-part paper which describes comparison of reliability design methods by application to Donghae Harbor Breakwaters. This paper, Part 1, is restricted to stability of armor blocks, while Part 2 deals with sliding of caissons. Reliability design methods have been developed fur breakwater designs since the mid-1980s. The reliability design method is classified into three categories depending on the level of probabilistic concepts being employed. In the Level 1 method, partial safety factors are used, which are predetermined depending on the allowable probability of failure. In the Level 2 method, the probability of failure is evaluated with the reliability index, which is calculated using the means and standard deviations of the load and resistance. The load and resistance are assumed to distribute normally. In the Level 3 method, the cumulative quantity of failure (e.g. cumulative damage of armor blocks) during the lifetime of the breakwater is calculated without assumptions of normal distribution of load and resistance. Each method calculates different design parameters, but they can be expressed in terms of probability of failure so that tile difference can be compared among the different methods. In this study, we applied the reliability design methods to the stability of armor blocks of the breakwaters of Donghae Harbor, which was constructed by traditional deterministic design methods to be damaged in 1987. Analyses are made for the breakwaters before the damage and after reinforcement. The probability of failure before the damage is much higher than the target probability of failure while that for the reinforced breakwater is much lower than the target value, indicating that the breakwaters before damage and after reinforcement were under- and over-designed, respectively. On the other hand, the results of the different reliability design methods were in fairly good agreement, confirming that there is not much difference among different methods.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.51 no.10
• /
• pp.1085-1089
• /
• 2008

Purpose : This study aims to examine and compare the features of rolandic epilepsy. Methods : Of 158 patients selected retrospectively, 116 had typical (group A) and 42 had atypical (group B) rolandic epilepsy, as defined by Worrall's criteria. Results : The age at onset of the seizures in group A was $8.6{\pm}2.0y$ and $6.2{\pm}1.7y$ in group B (P>0.05). Among the 40 patients who underwent neuroimaging studies (25 patients in group A and 15 patients in group B), abnormal findings in group B included ventricular dilatation, mild cortical atrophy, and partial agenesis of corpus callosum. group A had no abnormal findings. The frequency of seizures was $2.0{\pm}1.0$ and $2.3{\pm}1.2$ per month in groups A and B respectively. Seizure control from the initial anticonvulsant treatment was achieved within 3 months in group A, and 3 to 12 months in group B. A 2-year remission rate was noted in 105 patients in group A and in 38 patients in group B. Of these, the recurrence rate after 2 y was 13 in group A and 12 in group B. Conclusion : Age of onset of seizures, gender, frequency of seizures before therapy, and 2-y remission rate were not significantly different in the 2 groups. However, neuroimaging abnormalities, the time to achieving seizure control from the initial anticonvulsant treatment, and the recurrence rate after being seizure-free for 2 y were significantly different in the 2 groups.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.28 no.4 s.51
• /
• pp.809-844
• /
• 1995

The purposes of this study are to define the scope of occupational health management and to classify occupational management by review of related journals from 1945 to 1994 in Korea. The steps of this study were as follows: (1) Search of secondary reference; (2) Collection and review of primary reference; (3) Survey; and (4) Analysis and discussion. The results were as follows ; 1. Most of the respondents majored in occupational health(71.6%), and were working in university (68.3%), males and over the age 40. Seventy percent of the respondents agreed with the idea that classification of occupational health management is necessary, and 10% disagreed. 2. After integration of the idea of respondents, we reclassified the scope of occupational health management. It was defined 3 parts, that is , occupational health system, occupational health service and others (such as assessment, epidemiology, cost-effectiveness analysis and so on). 3. The number of journals on occupational health management was 510. It was sightly increased from 1986 and abruptly increased after 1991. The kinds of journals related to occupational health management were The Korean Journal of Occupational Medicine(18.2%), Several Kinds of Medical Colloge Journal(17.0%), The Korean Journal Occupational Health(15.1%), The Korean Journal of Preventive Medicine(15.1%) and others(34.6%). As for the contents, the number of journals on occupational health management systems was 33(6.5%) and occupational health services 477(93.5%). Of the journals on occupational health management systems, the number of journals on the occupational health resource system was 15(45.5%), occupational finance system 8(24.2%), occupational health management system 6(18.2%), occupational organization 3(9.1%) and occupational health delivery system 1 (3.0%). Of the journals on occupational health services, the number of journals on disease management was 269(57.2%), health management 116(24.7%), working environmental management 85(18.1%). As for the subjects, the number of journals on general workers was 185(71.1%), followed by women worker, white coiler workers and so on. 4. Respondents made occupational health service(such as health management, working environmental management and health education) the first priority of occupational health management. Tied for the second are quality analysis(such as education, training and job contents of occupational health manager) and occupational health systems(such as the recommendation of systems of occupational and general disease and occupational health organization). 5. Thirty seven respondents suggested 48 ideas about the future research of occupational health management. The results were as follows: (1) Study of occupational health service 40.5%; (2) Study of organization system 27.1%; (3) Study of occupational health system (e.g. information network) 8.3%; (4) Study of working condition 6.2%; and (5) Study of occupational health service analysis 4.2%.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.29 no.6 s.77
• /
• pp.637-648
• /
• 1999

Finishing is usually accomplished about four to seven months before the removal of orthodontic appliance in order to achieve ideal occlusion and excellent aesthetics. This process, called finishing, is the key to obtain excellent final results. Some of orthodontists believe it can be accomplished at the final stage of orthodontic treatment, and they complete it without their special rationale and criteria for finishing. However, it should be considered as a part of the total treatment plan from the beginning to end, and a guideline for finishing, which is based on rationale and criteria for the removal of orthodontic appliance, is needed to obtain the desired results. The guideline should include a checklist for finishing. This checklist is divided into four categories: occlusal, aesthetic, periodontal, and habitual factors. Occlusal fators include alignment, marginal ridge discrepancy, interproximal contact, anterior inclination, posterior inclination, over-jet over-bite, arch fen and functional occlusion. Aesthetic factors include gingival form, crown fen crown width, and crown length. Periodontal factors include root angulation, bone level, and black hole in periodontal factors. Habitual factors consist of mouth breathing, tongue position at rest, tongue thrust, lip biting, nail biting, and finger sucking