• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.153-171
• /
• 2015

The purposes of this study were to explore the relations of preschoolers' narrative representation profile types to diurnal cortisol regulation pattern at home. Fourteen story stems from the MacArthur Story Stem Battery (MSSB, Bretherton, et al., 1990) were administered to 40 preschoolers(22 boys, 18 girls, aged 5) recruited from 8 kindergartens in the Seoul and Gyeonggi areas. And also, their saliva cortisol was collected. The children's responses were aggregated into 5 dimensions, based on content themes and performance scores, which included emotions expressed and narrative coherence using the MacArthur Narrative Coding System(Robinson, et al., 2004). Data were analyzed by means of cluster analysis. Five response profiles emerged over the course of this research: Prosocial, Anxiety, Dyregulated aggression, Restricted, and Avoidance profiles. Cortisol at home showed decrease diurnal cortisol regulation patterns, however it showed a difference according to narrative response profiles. Restricted, Prosocial, and Avoidance profiles showed decrease diurnal cortisol regulation patterns. Anxiety profiles showed flat pattern, and Dyregulated aggression profile showed rising diurnal cortisol regulation pattern. These results show the preschoolers' internal representation may affect the diurnal cortisol reaction in daytime.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.33-51
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of parenting efficacy, parenting stress on elementary school children's self-efficacy and daily stress. The subjects were 355 children selected from 4 elementary schools and their mothers. Data was collected using the parenting efficacy index, parenting stress index, children's self-efficacy inventory and children's daily stress inventory. Data was statistically analyzed using the t-test, one way ANOVA(Duncan test), correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. The study showed that there were some significant differences in children's self-efficacy according to the child's grade, gender, scholastic achievement, mother education, father education, and income. There were some significant differences in children's daily stress according to the child's grade, gender, and scholastic achievement. Correlation analysis indicated that the maternal parenting efficacy and children's self-efficacy, especially self-confidence had a significant positive correlation, and indicated a negative correlation with children's daily stress. Correlation analysis indicated that maternal parenting stress and children's self-efficacy had a significant negative correlation, and indicated a positive correlation with children's daily stress. It was also found that scholastic achievement, educational distress of the mother, father education were significant predictors of the children's self-efficacy, and healthy parenting ability, father education, stress of a difficult child, scholastic achievement, gender were all significant predictors of the children's daily stress.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.83-97
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of sand play therapy on the parenting stress and saliva cortisol levels of parents undergoing child counseling programs. The study was conducted with 13 parents who were undergoing child counseling programs. The sessions were held every week for 45 minutes from July, 2011 to September, 2011. To evaluate the effects of sand play therapy, pre test and post test were conducted and the results were then analyzed. The therapy sessions consist of parents making sand boxes, and this was done without consideration of any particular theme. The instrument used was Abidin (1990)'s Parenting Stress Instrument (PSI). Saliva cortisol levels were obtained at the pre-post stage of the sand play therapy. The data were analyzed by means of frequency and the Wilcoxon Rank Sum Test was conducted by the SPSS. The major findings were as follows; There were significant differences in terms of the decreases in the areas of perception of all the parenting stresses examined, including daily life stress, child temperament stress, child relationship stress, and learning-expectation stress, as well as in saliva cortisol levels. Finally, this study suggests that parenting stress and saliva cortisol levels have a positive relationship, and the effects of sand play therapy were significant with decreases in parenting stress and saliva cortisol levels. There is a clear need for parents undergoing child counseling programs to engage in sand play therapy to decrease parenting stress and saliva cortisol levels.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.485-495
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to contribute to family nursing aimed at reducing stress and improving the coping abilities of parents with kindergarten or early primary school aged children. Data were collected through self- reported questionnaires over a period of one month between November 1994 and December 199t in the Kyoung-in area. The subjects consisted of 198 parents (99 mothers and 99 fathers) of children attending 1 elementary school and 2 kindergartens. The levels of general stress and of parental role stress were measured with the General stress scale and the Parental role stress scale, respectively, while the Coping scale was used to measure the level of coping. The data were analyzed by a SAS program using paired't-test and oneway ANOVA. The results were as follows : 1. The level of general stress was significantly higher in mothers than in fathers. Mothers experienced significantly greater level of parental role stress than fathers did. In contrast, fathers revealed significantly greater scores in coping than mothers. 2. General stress experienced by fathers was different according to education, occupation, health status, satisfaction with family life and support from spouse. Occupation, health status, satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with spouse and support from spouse influenced parental role stress experienced by fathers. There was no correlation between level of coping and general characteristics. 3. In mothers, the level of general stress was different according to their health status, family type, and number of children, while parental role stress was related to satisfaction with family life, satis-faction with spouse and family type. There was no correlation between level of coping and general characteristics. The above findings indicate that the mothers did not develop more coping strategies than the fathers, despite their experience of greater stress than the fathers. Hence, nursing intervention for managing stress and improving coping abilities should be provided for mothers. In particular, fathers should actively participate in parenting, and support their spouse.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.16 no.9
• /
• pp.6180-6189
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to clarify the factors that affects smartphone addiction of elementary school students. The subjects were 263 students, from 4 elementary schools located in G-city. Data were collected from July, 2014 and analyzed using SPSS 19.0 program. The prevalence of addiction risk group and non-addicted group were 16.0% and 84.0%, respectively. The variables which had statistically significant differences with smart phone addiction of general characteristics are grade, living together family, economic status, school record, motivation for usage, advantage of usage and using time (p<.05). There was pure correlation between the smartphone addiction and impulsivity (r=.496, p<.001), daily stress (r=.471, p<.001). However, perceived parental attitude (r=-.375, p<.001) and self-esteem (r=-.444, p<.001) were inverse correlation with smartphone addiction. Higher using time, higher impulsivity and higher daily stress were all associated with increased of smartphone addiction level. These results suggest that more attentions should be given to early adolescents and could be effectively used as fundamental data to develop intervention programs, which can prevent the smartphone addiction.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.53-67
• /
• 2018

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of parent- teacher communication on childcare teacher's job stress and turnover intention. This study also examined if the level of active stress coping used functions as a moderator in relationships among parent-teacher communication, childcare teacher's job stress, and their turnover intention. Methods: To achieve this, this study used data from 223 surveys from childcare teachers and analyzed the data with SEM and multi-group SEM analysis methods. Results: First, parent-childcare teacher communication influenced the teacher's turover intention through job stress. Second, the effect of parent-childcare teacher communication on job stress was not found in the higher-level of the active stress coping group. This was different from the significant effect in the lower-level of the active stress coping group. Also, parent-childcare teacher communication influenced teacher's turnover intention through job stress in the lower-level of the active stress coping group. In contrast, the mediation effect was not shown in the higher group. Conclusion/Implications: The results of this study show the effect of parent-childcare teacher communication on teacher's job stress and their turnover intention. Also, this study shows that the level of active stress coping could moderate the relationship among parent-childcare teacher communication, teacher's job stress, and their turnover intention.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.519-531
• /
• 2019

The purpose of this study is to learn about the meaning and factors of gambling in one's life. Thus, it is to develop contents that help gamblers improve their quality of life by broadening their understanding of gambling. To this end, data from women who had experienced gambling and also quit gambling were collected and analyzed. What are the factors that deter gambling and gambling and what is the dynamics that lead to life? The research approach is a technical case study. The story and context of her life were in mind. The results of the matrix analysis were derived from 15 subcategories and 8 upper categories. The result was to adapt and cope within the mental and economic deficits and to survive survival. The researcher suggested that content development is necessary. It is necessary to develop counseling contents that can heal their pain, stress, and heartache and to help one parent's family's economic survival. It also suggested that the development of capacity-enhancing contents such as technical training to cope with social structural changes is necessary.

• Journal of Family Relations
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.73-103
• /
• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of reading mind recording on awareness of imaginations, Method: Decentering, parenting stress and subjective well-being through comparing expressive writing. random assignment was performed on each 13 persons of a recording group (experimental group) and an expressive writing group (comparison group) for reading mind from 26 parents having adolescents. The experimental group conducted the reading of reading mind and the comparison group performed expressive writing twice a week for eight weeks, twenty minutes per time, and responded to four questions on thought arrangement after writing. The researcher participated in the groups once per week and an assignment was suggested once per week. Repeated Measurement Two-way Repeated Measures ANOVA was conducted to confirm the differences according to periods and groups for the data analysis method. In order to examine the changes according to periods, t-test was conducted on the pre- and post-test. Results: The findings are as follows: First, regarding awareness of imaginations and decentering, the reading mind recording group showed a significant result in repeated measurement. Second, the reading mind recording group showed a significant decrease in the pre- and post-t-test about parenting stress. Third, all the reading mind recording group and expressive writing group showed significant results about subjective well-being. Conclusions: This study is significant in that it verified the effectiveness of reading mind recording on awareness of imaginations, decentering and parenting stress, and proved the possibility as an oriental counseling model that considers the characteristics of our culture.

• Journal of Family Relations
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.51-76
• /
• 2016

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of marital relationship on parenting stress among dual- and single-earner families. In particular, this study focuses on the interaction effect of marital relationship and father's child-rearing involvement on the parenting stress. To access factors associated with parenting stress, we included marital satisfaction and marital conflict as the dimensions of marital relationship in this study. Method: We employed data from the 5th wave of the Panel Study of Korean Children(PSKC) data. Our analysis sample consisted of 1,515 parents having at least one child aged under 4 years. Also, this study conducted descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. Results: First of all, marital satisfaction and marital conflict were significantly related to parenting stress for both mother and father in dual-earner families. While both indicators were significantly related to parenting stress for father, marital conflict only was a significant predictor for mother in single-earner families. Second, father involvement was a significant predictor for parenting stress for father in both dual- and single-earner families. Third, interaction effects were found between father involvement and marital conflict in the dual-earner families and between father involvement and marital satisfaction in the single-earner families. Conclusions: Based on the results, we recommended programs designed to enhance father's child-rearing involvement such as parenting education and community-based campaign. In addition, we recommended that policy and practice need to identify marital relationship dynamics to promote father's involvement and to reduce marital conflict in both dual- and single-earner families accordingly.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.21-28
• /
• 2017

This study aims to identify individual and familial factors associated with youth sexual experience by using the nationally representative sample data in South Korea. Specifically, we select 68,043 students in middle and high schools participating in the 2015 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Considering the complex survey design, we conduct a descriptive analysis and multiple logistic regression for sexual experience. The main results identify factors on sexual experience such as age, type of school, stress level, drinking, smoking, economic status, and cohabiting parents. In particular, the drinking and smoking behaviors are positively associated with sexual experience and the youth living with neither parent is more likely to have a sexual experience than those who lived two parents. In conclusion, the plan of sex education should consider the risk factors and the quality of sex education should be enhanced in order to build more appropriate sexual culture and behaviors among the youth.