• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1270-1275
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• 1996

Pulmonary artery aneurysms are extremely rare conditions usually associated with congenital cardiac defects that cause increased pulmonary blood flow and pulmonary hypertension. The prognosis of pulmonary artery aneurysms is fatal due to the potential for rupture of the aneurysm and the underlying severe pulmonary hypertension. A 40-year old woman was admitted to our hospital with headache following traffic accident. On admission a continuous murmur was heard over the 2nd to 3rd intercostal space along left sternal border and a calcified cystic mass at left hilar portion was incidentally discoverd on chest reontgenogram. Cardiac catherization was diagnostic of a left to right shunt at main pulmoanry artery level and pulmonary hypertension. Pulmonary angiogram demonstrated a large aneurysm of main pulmonary artery extending into proximal left pulmonary artery. The pulmonary artery aneurysm associated with patent ductus arteriosus was diagnosed definitively and the patient was underwent resection of pulmonary artery aneurysm, closure of PDA and Dacron prosthetic graft replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. The postoperative course was uneventful and the patient was discharged without any problem.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.148
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• pp.73-99
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• 2018

This paper aims to search existential phenomena of today's anxiety and reveal philosophical grounds in the diagnosis and therapy of the anxiety. In special, this writer intends to look into the source of anxiety through a psychological dimension and a ethical dimension and lay an emphasis on the philosophical grounds as a psychological phenomenon. For this, the anxiety is revealed as 'between-mood(Zwischenstimmung)' accompanied by the moment between split and integration of existence as between-being(Zwischesein)' of possibility and reality. My attention on 'betweenness(Zwischeheit)' which existence contains as the ground of anxiety is described by $S{\ddot{o}}ren$ Kierkegaard in the concept of synthesis but his concept of synthesis as 'the relation between two things' has not been fully noted even owing to the term of synthesis. This writer catches more intensive conditions which the existence concept has through the illumination as to betweenness(Zwischenheit). So this writer takes note of the process of tension between both sides instead of the result of the synthesis of both divided sides. For this objective this writer intends to analyze Concept of Anxiety(Der Begriff Angst) of $S{\ddot{o}}ren$ Kierkegaard, Pioneer of existential philosophy.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.144-153
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• 2008

Sr, Nd, Pb isotopic compositions of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks distributed in Pyeongtaek-Asan area display significantly enriched values compared with mid-ocean ridge basalts just like other Cenozoic basalts of Korea. The isotopic compositions of most of the Cenozoic basaltic rocks of Korea including those from Pyeongtaek-Asan area can be explained as mixing between enriched mantle component with relatively low $^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$ ratios and depleted mantle component. In contrast, Jejudo basalts can be explained as mixing between enriched mantle component with realtively higher $^{206}Pb/^{204}Pb$ ratios and depleted mantle componsnt. Combined with that very similar division of enriched mantle components is applied to the Cenozoic basalts of northeast China and southeast China, it is suggested that subcontinental lithospheric mantle of central and southern parts of Korea represents eastern extension of North China Block and South China Block respectively. The indentation model for the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic continental collision of China contradicts to such an interpretation, because it cannot explain occurrence of subcontinental lithospheric mantle component of South China Block-affinity under the Jejudo area. Instead, it is more probable that suture zone of the two continental blocks crosses between central and southern Korea and its location is further south from the Pyeongtaek-Asan area. Such distinct location compared with Imjingal belt, supposedly collisional boundary suggested before, suggests that mantle boundary may not be coincide with crustal boundary for the continental collision.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2002

Purpose: The aim of this retrospective study were to report the short-term results of inferior capsular shift procedure using splitting subscapularis and capsule for the patients who had shoulder instability and were apt to recur after arthroscopic stabilization procedure. Materials & Methods : Fifteen cases of instability of the shoulder were included with an average follow-up of 2 years (range: 1$\~$3 years). There were 13 men and 2 women with an average age of 27years. Multidirectional instability was found in 4 cases, voluntary instability in 3 cases, bony Bankarte lesion in 2 cases and 6 cases were contact sportmen. Thirteen shoulders underwent the inferior capsular shifts and Bankart repairs and 2 shoulders without Bankart lesion underwent the inferior capsular shift only. Average 19 mm of shift (range: 10$\~$25 mm) was done. Results : Fourteen patients showed good and excellent results with one subluxation and one positive apprehension test. Postoperative ranges of motions did not change in forward elevation, external rotation at side and external rotation at 90$^{\circ}$ abduction (p>0.05). Conclusion : Inferior capsular shift procedure using splitting subscapularis and capsule can be helpful in shoulder instability patients who were high-risk group of recurrence with arthroscopic procedure.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.628-636
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• 1999

Background: Recent advances in understanding the anatomy of the complete atrioventricular septal defect(including right-dominant unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect) have led to alternative methods of repairing these defects. Material and Method: From May 1997 to July 1998, 8 consecutive infants(age range, 2 to 28 months, mean body weight 6.0$\pm$2.2 kg) received a single-stage intracardiac repair of the complete atrioventricular septal defect with modified surgical methods. Depending on the specific anatomic structure, the procedure was simplified in 3 patients by a direct closure of the ventricular element of the defect(Group I). Two patients judged unsuitable for direct closure due to a potential left ventricular outflow tract obstruction had received a standard two-patch repair(Group II). The remaining 3 patients with right-dominant unbalanced complete atrioventricular septal defect underwent biventricular repair; to enlarge the orifice of the left atrioventricular valve, the ventricular septal patch was placed slightly more to the right of the ventricular crest, a left sided bridging leaflet was augmented with an autologous pericardial patch, and the leaflet was repaired with a double- orifice(Group III . Result: In all 8 patients, the postoperative echocardiography demonstrated good hemodynamics. Seven patients were weaned from the ventilators after a mean 3$\pm$1 days, and 1 patient was weaned after 24 days due to a reoperation and emphysematous lung problem. A reoperation was performed in 1 patient for progressive left atrioventricular valve regurgitation due to leaflet tearing. There were no early and late mortalities. At the time of the latest review, judging from the echocardiographic criteria, left atrioventricular valve stenosis was mild in 1 patient(mean pressure gradient 6.5 mmHg, 13.5%), left atrioventricular valve regurgitation was absent or grade I in 7 patients(87.5%). The right atrioventricular valve regurgitation was absent or grade I in all 8 patients(100%). Conclusion: Infants with complete atrioventricular septal defect were treated with either a simplified approach with direct closure of the ventricular element of the defect or a modified surgical technique for a right-dominant unbalanced atrioventricular septal defect, depending on the anatomic structure. The results were no operative mortalities and low morbidity.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.482-491
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• 2004

Background: The xenogenic or allogenic valves after in Vitro repopulation with autologous cells or in vivo repo-pulation after acellularization treatment to remove the antigenicity could used as an alternative to synthetic polymer scaffold. In the present study, we evaluated the process of repopulation by recipient cell to the acellu-larized xenograft treated with NaCl-SDS solution and grafted in the right ventricular outflow tract. Material and Method: Porcine pulmonary valved conduit were treated with. NaCl-SDS solution to make the grafts acellularized and implanted in the right ventricular outflow tract of the goats under cardiopulmonary bypass. After evaluating the functions of pulmonary valves by echocardiography, goats were sacrificed at 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation, respectively. After retrieving the implanted valved conduits, histopathologic examination with Hematoxylin-Eosin, Masson' trichrome staining and immunohistochemical staining was performed. Result: Among the six goats, which had been implanted with acellularized pulmonary valved conduits, five survived the expected time period. Echocardiographic examinations for pulmonary valves revealed good function except mild regurgitation and stenosis. Microscopic analysis of the leaflets showed progressive cellular in-growth, composed of fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells, into the acellularized leaflets over time. Severe inflammatory respon-se was detected in early phase, though it gradually decreased afterwards. The extracellular matrices were regenerated by repopulated cells on the recellularized portion of the acellularized leaflet. Conclusion: The acellularized xenogenic pulmonary valved conuits were repopulated with fibroblasts, myofibroblasts, and endothelial cells of the recipient and extracellullar matrices were regenerated by repopulted cells 12 months after the implantation. The functional integrity of pulmonary valves was well preserved. This study showed that the acellularized porcine xenogenic valved conduits could be used as an ideal valve prosthesis with long term durability.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

구순구개열은 선천성 악안면 기형중에서 발생률이 가장 높은 질환이며 특히 동양인에게 높은 빈도로 발생된다. 그리고 순구개열에서는 파열부 조직의 선천적 상실과 파열부 봉합 수술 후 형성된 반흔에 의한 상악골의 열성장과 상악궁의 협착, 코의 형태 이상, 등과 함께 치아의 수, 크기와 형태 및 맹출 이상도 높은 빈도로 동반된다. 선천성 치아 발육 이상이 구순열 또는 구개열 가진 환자에게서 종종 보고되고 있다. 이런 치아 이상은 과잉치, 결손치, 크기, 형태, 맹출시기, 법랑질 광화 등의 많은 특징을 포함한다. 이번 연구의 목적은 다음과 같다. 1. 구순열 또는 구개열을 가진 환자의 선천성 치아 결손 발병률을 결정하여 정상인과 비교하는 것이다. 2. 상하악에서 파열이 있는 부위와 없는 부위의 제2소구치 결손가능성을 비교 하는 것이다. 구강악안면외과에서 구순구개열로 진단한 환자 중 2005년 1월~2009년 8월까지 전북대학교 구강악안면외과에서 치조열부위 자가골이식수술을 받은 32명의 환자로 초진시의 교정 chart, 구강악안면외과 chart, x-ray(파노라마, 치근단사진, 교합사진(상악), 석고 모델, 구강내 외 임상사진을 사용하여 순구개열군 별로 매복치, 과잉치, 결손치, 왜소치의 유무와 위치를 조사하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 결손치는 비교적 높은 발생빈도(53.1%)를 보였으며, 치아별 발생빈도는 상악 측절치와 상악 제2소구치, 하악 제2소구치 순이었다. 구순구개열군이 구순치조열군에 비해 발생률이 높게 나타났다. 그리고 구순구개열군 내에서 양측성이 편측성에 비해 결손치의 발생률이 높게 나타났다. 2. 왜소치는 71.6%에서 발견되었으며, 치아별 발생빈도는 상악측절치에서 가장 많았다. 구순치조열군이 구순구개열군에 비해 발생률이 높게 나타났다. 3. 치조열을 가진 환자에 있어 상/하악간 제2소구치의 선천적 결손에 유의한 차이가 있었다. 4. 구순구개열이 인접한 상악측절치의 발생중인 미성숙 조직에 영향을 미치며 파열부위와 좀 더 떨어져 있는 상악 제2소구치에도 일정한 영향을 미침을 이번 연구를 통해 다시 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.52-56
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• 2006

A 69-year old man presented with severe epigastric pain for 1 day. He had early gastric cancer at the antrum and underwent a distal subtotal gastrectomy and Billorth II gastrojejunostomy one month later without any post-operative complications. Radiologic examination revealed a large amount of retroperitoneal free air formation. Because of unremitting pain and unstable vital sign, exploratory laparotomy was followed. During the operation, a perforated duodenal diverticulum at the posterior wall of the 2nd portion of the duodenum was identified. He underwent diverticulectomy and primary closure. He was discharged on the 18th post operative day and has been followed up without any evidence of comlpication for several months.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.45
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• pp.85-107
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• 2016

Cho Ji-hoon was a leading figure on the discussion of recognition on Han Yong-un, particularly the post-liberation period. During the Japanese colonial era, he addressed Han Yong-un as the representative of national poet, and evaluated Han's poems as the models of rebellious nationalistic poetry. Such evaluation by Cho set the precedent of basic perspectives and methodologies on how to recognize Han Yong-un in the present day. This paper analyzes three studies on Han Yong-un, conducted by Cho ji-hoon. We also examine how Cho created his logic of recognizing Han as a national poet, and his poems as nationalistic poetry. Accordingly, this paper has separated recognitions on poet studies and work studies, and further explored how each recognition has consistency with Cho ji-hoon's historical and literary perception. As a result, the following has been concluded: the basis of Cho ji-hoon's recognition on the life and works of Han Yong-un was premised on Cho's understanding of the world from a standpoint of history of ideas, the concept of nation was regarded as an absolute value that binds disparate ideas together, and the combination of nationalism and poetry has been expressed through the logic of nationalistic poetry and the notion which equalizes the poet to a classical scholar. It was further concluded that such equalizing logic contains some logical contradictions derived from integration between universal rights and national sovereignty, and nation and Buddhism. Therefore, it can be said that other possible interpretations on the role of a poet were not fully discussed, but remain bounded. Last but not the least, this paper critically tries to perceive Cho's recognition on Han Yong-un, and accentuates the necessity of new interpretations of Han's poems, apart from those based on nationalism.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.536-545
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• 2007

Background: Compared to adult patients, mitral regurgitation in pediatric patients is uncommon and it shows a wide spectrum of morphologic abnormalities. We retrospectively evaluated the midterm results of mitral valve repair in pediatric patients. Material and Method: Between December 1993 and August 2006, mitral valve repair was performed in 35 patients who were aged less than 18 years, The mean age was $5.3{\pm}5.3$ years and the mean body weight was $20,0{\pm}16.3\;kg$. 18 patients had associated cardiac anomalies. The most common pathologic finding was leaflet prolapse (n=17). The most common method of repair was the double orifice technique (n=15). Result: There was no early mortality. Eight patients underwent reoperation (24.2%), and five of them required mitral valve replacement. Among the four ring annuloplasty cases, two have developed mitral stenosis. Four out of the 14 double orifice cases required reoperation. One case of early mortality and one case of late mortality occurred in the reoperation cases. The 5-year survival rate and the freedom from reoperation rate were $93.3{\pm}4.6%$ and $76.1{\pm}8.2%$, respectively. The 5-year freedom from mitral valve replacement rate was $83.6{\pm}6.7%$. There was no significant risk factor for reoperation. Conclusion: The midterm results of mitral valve repair are very acceptable in pediatric patients compared to the adult cases, although the reoperation rate is slightly higher.