• Membrane Journal
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.307-318
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• 2020

Conventional perfluorinated sulfonic acid membrane, Nafion is widely used for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). It is desired to prevent vanadium ion permeation through a membrane to retain the capacity, and to keep the cell efficiency of a VRFB. Highly proton conductive and chemically stable Nafion membranes, however, suffer from high vanadium permeation, which induce the reduction in charge and discharge capacity by side reactions of vanadium ions. In this study, to resolve the issue, silica nanoparticles, which are functionalized with 3-aminopropyl group (fS) are introduced to enhance the long-term performance of a VRFB by lowering vanadium permeation. It is expected that amine groups on silica nanoparticles are converted to positive ammonium ion, which could deteriorate positively charged vanadium ions' crossover by Gibbs-Donnan effect. There is reduction in proton conductivity may due to acid-base complexation between fS and Nafion side chains, but ion selectivity of proton to vanadium ion is enhanced by introducing fS to Nafion membranes. With the composite membranes of Nafion and fS, VRFBs maintain their discharge capacity up to 80% at a high current density of 150 mA/㎠ during 200 cycles.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.88-95
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• 2019

Hydrocarbons containing carbon double bonds are generally called olefins and it is extensively used in petro-chemical industry as essential base material. Especially, olefins are essential in polymer synthesis and thus the effective separation and purification of olefins from gas mixture are very important and it gives significant positive effect on the future industrial development. In this study, we fabricated polymeric composite membrane based on poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) for propylene/nitrogen separation and enhancement of its separation performance by grafting amphiphilic copolymer. Furthermore, to accelerate facilitated transport for propylene molecules, Ag salt ($AgBF_4$) and ionic liquid ($EMIM-BF_4$) was incorporated to polymer composite membranes. The neat PTMSP membrane exhibited extremely high gas permeance and low gas selectivity due to its high free volume. To address this issue, PTMSP was grafted with poly(oxyethylene glycol methacrylate) (POEM) and poly(ethylene glycol) behenyl ether methacrylate (PEGBEM). Additionally, the additives such as $AgBF_4$ and $EMIM-BF_4$ further increased the propylene permeance, resulting in increment of propylene/nitrogen selectivity.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.427-441
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• 2022

Polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) serving as a separator that can prevent the permeation of unreacted fuels as well as an electrolyte that selectively transports protons from the anode to the cathode has been considered a key component of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). The perfluorinated sulfonic acid-based PEMs, represented by Nafion®, have been commercialized in PEMFC systems due to their high proton conductivity and chemical stability. Nevertheless, these PEMs have several inherent drawbacks including high manufacturing costs by the complex synthetic processes and environmental problems caused by producing the toxic gases. Although numerous studies are underway to address these drawbacks including the development of sulfonated hydrocarbon polymer-based PEMs (SHP-PEMs), which can easily control the polymer structures, further improvement of PEM performances and durability is necessary for practical PEMFC applications. Therefore, this study focused on the various strategies for the development of SHP-PEMs with outstanding performance and durability by 1) introducing cross-linked structures, 2) incorporating organic/inorganic composites, and 3) fabricating reinforced-composite membranes using porous substrates.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.222-232
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• 2023

In this study, a hollow fiber support membrane was prepared by a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) method using a polysulfone (PSf). The prepared hollow fiber support membrane was coated with PDMS and Pebax to prepare a hollow fiber composite membrane. The prepared composite membrane was measured for permeance and selectivity for pure CO₂, H₂, O₂ and N₂. Gas separation performance of the module having the highest selectivity (CO₂/H₂) among the prepared composite membrane modules was measured according to the change in stage cut using simulated gas. The composition of the simulated gas used at this time was 70% CO₂ and 30% H₂. In the 1 stage experiment, it was possible to obtain values of about 60% of H₂ concentration and 12% of H₂ recovery. In order to overcome the low H₂ concentration and recovery, 2 stage serial test was performed, and through this, it was possible to achieve 70% H₂ concentration and 70% recovery. Through this, it was possible to derive a separation process configuration for CO₂/H₂ separation.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2018

In this study, PTMSP-GO composite membranes were prepared by the addition of GO (graphene oxide) into PTMSP [poly (1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne)] having high gas permeability, to study of gaseous membrane using GO. Gas permeation properties for $N_2$, $CH_4$, $CO_2$ were investigated by increasing the amount of GO in the PTMSP. PTMSP-GO composite membranes had higher gas permeability in the order of $N_2$ < $CH_4$ < $CO_2$. The gas permeation tendency of $N_2$, $CH_4$, and $CO_2$ increased as the content of GO increased from 0 to 10 wt%, but the gas permeability decreased as increased from 10 to 30 wt%. In the range of low GO contents, the gas permeability decreased due to the decrease of diffusivity because GO acts as a barrier in the composite membrane, and the gas permeability increased due to the void at the interface above the content range. And $CO_2$ has an affinity with -COOH of GO, the selectivity ($CO_2/N_2$) and the selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) gradually increase with increasing GO content. And the selectivity($CO_2/N_2$) showed the highest selectivity at 10.6 for PTMSP-GO 10 wt% and the selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) showed the highest selectivity at 3.4 for PTMSP-GO 20 wt%. However, above a certain amount of GO, selectivity ($CO_2/N_2$) and selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) decreased because the coagulation phenomenon between GO was increased and the solubility effect of $CO_2$ decreased. The PTMSP-GO 20 wt% composite membrane exhibited enhanced gas permeation characteristics with increased $CO_2$ permeability and selectivity ($CO_2/CH_4$) over PTMSP membrane.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.96-98
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• 1998

1. 서론 : 팔라듐이나 이의 합금막들은 높은 선택적 투과특성으로 인해 수소 정제나 분리막 반응기와 같은 산업응용 분야에서 매우 높은 관심을 갖고 있다. 상업적으로 이용되고 있는 이러한 막들은 통상적인 metallugical process에 의해 제조괸 self-supported type으로 수소 투과 속도가 낮을 뿐만 아니라 팔라듐 등은 고가의 귀금속이므로 비경제적이다. 따라서 현재 대부분의 연구자들은 기계적 강도를 유지하기 의한 다공성 지지체 위에 얇은 금속 박막을 코팅함으로서 투과성을 높이는 동시에 경제적인 복합막 형태의 막을 만드는데 연구의 촛점을 맞추고 있다. 이러한 형태의 막을 제조하기 위한 금속 박막 제조법은 무전해 도금법(electroless deposition), 화학증착법(CVD), 스퍼터링(sputtering), 전해도금법(electrodeposition) 등이 시도되었다. 그러나 수소에 대한 우수한 선택적 투과 특성을 갖기 의해서는 대부분 5$\mu$m 이상의 두꺼운 막을 제조하였으며 이보다 얇은 막의 제조에 한계가 있기 때문에 이들 막에 대한 기체 투과 특성에 대한 연구결과는 많지 않다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 전기도금법을 응용한 소위 'vacuum electrodeposition' 이란 새로운 기술을 도입함으로써 우수한 선택적 투과성을 갖는 2$\mu$m 이하의 팔라듐 합금 박막 제조를 가능하게 하였다. 지지체 표면의 거칠음 정도, 평균 기공 크기 등의 지지체 성질의 조절에 의한 금속 박막의 핀홀을 최소화함으로써 질소와 같은 inert gas의 투과도는 거의 없게 유지하는 동시에 금속 박막 두께, 결정 구조(e.g. grain size), 합금 조성 등을 조절함으로써 수소의 투과도를 높이고자 하였다. 있다. 후자의 경우, 미량의 과산화수소수 (1~10,000 ppm)를 이용해 처리 해주는 방법의 경우 경제적으로 큰 장점이 있고, 처리가 단순하다는 장점이 있으나 과산화수소수 자체에 포함하고 있는 높은 impurit level, 그리고 처리후 장시간의 flushing time을 가져야 한다는 단점등이 존재 하고 있다.요구된다. 몰입이 가능하여 임계치가 저하된 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 광학적 이득의 존재는 이 구조에 의한 극단파장 반도체 레이저다이오드의 실현 가능성을 나타내는 것이다.548 mL에 비해 통계학적으로 의의 있게 적었다(p<0.05). 결론: 관상동맥우회로 조성수술에서 전방온혈심정지액을 사용할 때 희석되지 많은 고농도 포타슘은 fliud overload와 수혈을 피하고 delivery kit를 사용하지 않음으로써 효과적이고 만족할 만한 심근보호 효과를 보였다.를 보였다.4주까지에서는 비교적 폐포는 정상적 구조를 유지하면서 부분적으로 소폐동맥 중막의 비후와 간질에 호산구 침윤의 소견이 특징적으로 관찰되었다. 결론: 분리 폐 관류는 정맥주입 방법에 비해 고농도의 cisplatin 투여로 인한 다른 장기에서의 농도 증가 없이 폐 조직에 약 50배 정도의 고농도 cisplatin을 투여할 수 있었으며, 또한 분리 폐 관류 시 cisplatin에 의한 직접적 폐 독성은 발견되지 않았다이 낮았으나 통계학적 의의는 없었다[10.0%(4/40) : 8.2%(20/244), p>0.05]. 결론: 비디오흉강경술에서 재발을 낮추기 위해 수술시 폐야 전체를 관찰하여 존재하는 폐기포를 놓치지 않는 것이 중요하며, 폐기포를 확인하지 못한 경우와 이차성 자연기흉에 대해서는 흉막유착술에 더 세심한 주의가 필요하다는 것을 확인하였다. 비디오흉강경수술

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.60 no.4
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• pp.574-581
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• 2022

Nanofibers comprising reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and Mo₂C/Mo₂N nanoparticles (Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs) were prepared for a functional interlayer of Li-S batteries (LSBs). The well-dispersed Mo₂C and Mo₂N nanoparticles in the nanofiber structure served as active polar sites for efficient immobilization of dissolved lithium polysulfide. The rGO nanosheets in the structure also provide conductive channels for fast ion/electron transport during charging-discharging and ensured reuse of lithium polysulfide during redox reactions through a fast charge transfer process. As a result, the cell assembled with Mo₂C/Mo₂N rGO NFs-coated separator and pure sulfur electrode (70 wt% of sulfur content and 2.1 mg cm^-2 of sulfur loading) showed a stable discharge capacity of 476 mA h g^-1 after 400 charge-discharge cycles at 0.1 C. Furthermore, it exhibited a discharge capacity of 574 mA h g^-1 even at a high current density of 1.0 C. Therefore, we believe that the proposed unique nanostructure synthesis strategy could provide new insights into the development of sustainable and highly conductive polar materials as functional interlayers for high performance LSBs.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.283-291
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• 2022

Hydrogen energy has received much attention as a solution to the supply of renewable energy and to respond to climate change. Hydrogen is the most suitable candidate of storing unused electric power in a large-capacity long cycle. Among the technologies for producing hydrogen, water electrolysis is known as an eco-friendly hydrogen production technology that produces hydrogen without carbon dioxide generation by water splitting reaction. Membranes in water electrolysis system physically separate the anode and the cathode, but also prevent mixing of generated hydrogen and oxygen gases and facilitate ion transfer to complete circuit. In particular, the key to next-generation anion exchange membrane that can compensate for the shortcomings of conventional water electrolysis technologies is to develop high performance anion exchange membrane. Many studies are conducted to have high ion conductivity and excellent durability in an alkaline environment simultaneously, and various materials are being searched. In this review, we will discuss the research trends and points to move forward by looking at the research on anion exchange membranes based on commercial polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene-co-butylene)-b-polystyrene (SEBS) block copolymers.