• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.145-153
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• 2012

To obtain basic information for evaluating resistance of soil acidification for growth, net photosynthesis, $N_2$ fixation rate and nutrient status of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta seedlings grown in brown forest soil acidified with $H_2SO_4$ or $HNO_3$ solution were investigated (control (pH=5.9), LN (pH=5.0; Low levels of Nitric acid), HN (pH=4.0; High levels of Nitric acid), LS (pH=5.0; Low levels of Sulfuric acid), and HS (pH=4.0; High levels of Sulfuric acid)). The shoot dry weight of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta and the root dry weight of Alnus hirsuta seedlings grown in the HN, LS and HS were significantly less than that of the seedlings grown in the control. The Chlorophyll a/b ratio in leaves of Alnus firma at LN, LS and HS was significantly lower than that of control. The concentration of N in leaves of Alnus hirsuta at HS was significantly higher than that of control. The net photosynthetic rate of Alnus firma and Alnus hirsuta seedlings at LN and HN was higher than that of control. Based on the results, we concluded that the negative effects of soil acidification due to sulfate deposition are greater than those of soil acidification due to nitrate deposition on growth, net photosynthesis and $N_2$ fixation rate of Alnus firma more than Alnus hirsuta.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.63-74
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to provide the basis information for ecological conservation and restoration of Jangdo wetland conservation area through the survey of vegetation diversity and spatial distribution characteristics. Syntaxonomic account of plant communities were carried out field survey by Z.-M. school method at 14 sites and relationship analysis between plant community and environment variables with Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA). Based on the floristic composition, all the plots were classified into xeric and hydric type and arranged in seven plant communities. Spatial distribution of plant communities is determined primarily by the soil moisture condition and amount of organic matter. Hydric vegetation is around 8% ($7,337m^2$) of the protected area and distributed swamp forest of dominating willows under 18 years. Proliferation of willows are recognised extended from edge to centre after in 1990's caused by fallow and control of livestock grazing on wetland. Jangdo wetland will have to readjust the protection boundary because wet meadow zone and swamp forest have been distributed outside the protection area.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.53-61
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• 1999

This study was conducted to determine the optimal collecting time and methods of utilization of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source for revegetation materials of slopes. From April to November of 1998, nursery seedbeds in the greenhouse of Seoul National University were seeded with mixtures of forest topsoil and seeds. The nursery seedbeds were treated to evaluate the effect of depths of forest topsoil and seeding amounts. Seasonal experiments with $3{\times}3$ factorial design were conducted in April, June and August. More than 40 seedlings/$m^2$ were observed as the naturally-emerged species in the plot, treated with the top-layer forest soil within the depth of 10cm. However, it was found, as seeding more seeds, the number of appearance of the naturally-emerged species reduced because of the heavy competition between the seeded and the naturally-emerged. According to the results of this research, it is recommended that seeding amount should be no more than 1,000 seeds/$m^2$ to avoid the severe competition. Also it was observed that the forest topsoil collected in spring(April) is better than that collected in summer. The more species of the naturally-emerged were found in the forest topsoil collected in spring. Forest-topsoil-mixed-materials as a seed-bank source could significantly increase the plant diversity and productivity. Effective use of forest topsoil as a seed-bank source may become a valuable tool in future restoration of disturbed slopes for promoting plant community diversity and recycling of spoiled-soils from the slopes.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2006

This study was performed to evaluate the heating characteristics of soils for the application of electrical resistance heating process combined with soil vapor extraction. Laboratory tests were conducted to find out optimum heating conditions by the adjustment of electrical supply and electrode. Results show that fine soil particles are more efficient for electrical heating. As water content of soil increases, more efficient electrical heating is observed. However, as the soil is saturated with water above the soil porosity, decrease in the heating efficiency is observed. The higher the voltage, is and the shorter the distance between the electrodes is, the better the heating efficiency is. The soil contaminated by fuel is also more efficient than non-contaminated soil in electrical resistance heating. From the relationship between the intial electrical current and the conductivity obtained in this study, soil temperature by electrical heating can be estimated.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.573-576
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• 2017

본 연구는 홍삼 등급판정 과정에서 내부 조직 치밀도 분석을 위해 의료 영상 분석 방법을 이용하여 적외선 영상 측정기기를 개발하였다. 기존 홍삼 내부분석방법은 수동으로 암실환경에서 강한 조명을 홍삼에 투과하여 사람 눈으로 직접 판별하는 과정을 거친다. 이러한 기존 검사 과정은 작업 비효율성과 불균일한 검사기준으로 제품 품질 신뢰도 저하의 단점을 가져온다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 연구는 적외선 조명환경에서 자동 측정이 가능한 홍삼 내부 측정기기를 개발하였다. 개발된 장치는 홍삼의 빛 투과 특성을 응용한 920nm 파장대역의 적외선 조명기구, 조명 제어회로, 적외선 대역 촬영이 가능한 영상 측정 카메라 장치, $0.9^{\circ}$의 간격으로 $360^{\circ}$ 홍삼 영상취득이 가능한 회전 엑츄에이터로 구성이 된다. 본 연구에서 제안 하는 홍삼 단층 영상분석 방법은, 홍삼을 $0.9^{\circ}$ 간격으로 회전시키어 $360^{\circ}$ 홍삼 내부영상을 취득하여 라돈 변환(Radon transform)을 통해 사이노그램(Sinogram)으로 재구성 하였으며, 역 라돈 변환(Inverse Radon transform)을 통해 단층 영상복원(Back-projection)알고리즘을 구현하였다. 이 결과 홍삼을 절단하지 않고 홍삼 내부 단면영상 획득이 가능하였으며 내공(內空), 내백(內白)의 유무를 판단하고 직경을 파악할 수 있었다. 이를 토대로 등급 판별 공식을 산출하면 신뢰성 있는 홍삼 등급 자동화 측정기기를 개발할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2007

Due to the development and wide use of digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) and Wireless Broadband Internet (WiBro), the digital contents industry using images has been progressed. Therefore, the image processing has been applied in a variety of fields and in order to transmit and conserve accurate information, the degradation phenomenon for images should be removed. As a representative cause of the degradation phenonenon, noise has become known and Gaussian noise occurs in the process of transmission. Diverse researches for Gaussian noise removal have been implemented and a great number of algorithms have been proposed until now. In this paper, for mage restoration an algorithm using the adaptive threshold value is proposed in Gaussian noise environment and the threshold value is established by using the histogram of edge image. And from simulation results, the noise removal performance of the proposed method is proven using mean square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR).

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.19B no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

Many audio watermarking researches which have been adapted to authenticate contents can not recover the original media after watermark removal. Therefore, reversible watermarking can be regarded as an effective method to ensure the integrity of audio data in the applications requiring high-confidential audio contents. Reversible watermarking inserts watermark into digital media in such a way that perceptual transparency is preserved, which enables the restoration of the original media from the watermarked one without any loss of media quality. This paper presents a new interval-based audio integrity authentication algorithm which can detect malicious tampering. To provide complete reversibility, we used differential histogram-based reversible watermarking. To authenticate audio in parts, not the entire audio at once, the proposed algorithm processes audio by dividing into intervals and the confirmation of the authentication is carried out in each interval. Through experiments using multiple kinds of test data, we prove that the presented algorithm provides over 99% authenticating rate, complete reversibility, and higher perceptual quality, while maintaining the induced-distortion low.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

This paper proposes a new algorithm that improve color component of compensated image using Retinex method for back-light image. A back-light image has two regions, one of the region is too bright and the other one is too dark. If an back-light image is improved contrast using Retinex method, it loses color information in the part of brightness of the image. In order to make up loss information, proposed algorithm adds color components from original image. The histogram can be divided three parts that brightness, darkness, midway using K-mean (k=3) algorithm. For the brightness, it is used color information of the original image. For the darkness, it is converted using by Retinex method. The midway region is mixed between original image and Retinex result image in the ratio of histogram. The ratio is determined by distance from dark area. The proposed algorithm was tested on nature back-light images to evaluate performance, and the experimental result shows that proposed algorithm is more robust than original Retinex algorithm.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2015

This study was performed to compare the effects of different drainage layers on tree growth at the exposed sites of Saemangeum sea dike. 4 types of drainage layers including control(dredged soil), specially prepared bark, gravel, and wood chip were set in 150~165cm depth of soil. Pinus thunbergii and Celtis sinensis were planted after 9 months of soil treatment. Electrical conductivity(EC) of soil in all treated plots were decreased under $4dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$, and NaCl(%) was decreased under 0.05% after 1 year from soil treatment. Soil moisture at the 120cm depth of the bark treated plot was higher than that of the 180cm soil depth, below the drainage layer. It is considered that vertical mobility of water was inhibited. Organic matter(OM) at the 120cm soil depth increased at bark and wood chip treated plots. Survival rates after 4 years of P. thunbergii and C. sinensis were 100% in all treatments. The height of P. thunbergii was not significantly different among the treatments while the height of C. sinensis was significantly different among the treatments and it was highest at the bark treated plot.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.