• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.17-23
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• 2009

배경: 보툴리눔 독소 A형은 강직성 질환을 비롯한 여러 질환의 치료제로 널리 사용되고 있다. 최근에 보툴리눔 독소 A형은 근육비대를 치료하기 위해 널리 이용되고 있다. 하지만 보툴리눔 독소의 근육비대의 치료효과에 대해서 알려진 바가 거의 없다. 본 연구는 토끼 정강뼈 근육에 보툴리눔 A, B형을 주입 후 시간경과에 따른 근육의 위축을 확인하여 근육비대의 치료에 보툴리눔 B형이 효과적인지 확인하고자 하였다. 방법: 36마리의 토끼를 4그룹으로 분류하였다(1 그룹: 생리식염수 주사: 2 그룹: 보툴리눔 독소 A, B - 2U, 3 그룹: 보툴리눔 독소 A, B - 5U, 4 그룹: 보툴리눔 독소 A, B - 10U). 정강뼈근육에 보툴리눔 독소 A, B형을 주입 후 1, 2, 4주에 정강뼈 근육의 부피를 측정하였다. 신경자극기를 이용하여 독소 주입 후 1, 2, 4주의 근육의 단일 수축을 확인하여 근육기능의 변화여부를 확인하였다. 결과: 보툴리눔 독소 B형을 주입시 통계적으로 유의하지 않지만 A형에 비해 근육 부피의 감소가 관찰되었다(P>0.05). 반면, 근육의 단일 수축은 보툴리눔의 용량에 관계없이 B형을 주입한 근육에서 더 높게 관찰 되었다. 결론: 보툴리눔 독소 B형을 주입한 경우 근육 기능의 회복속도는 빠른 반면 근육의 위축은 A형에 비해 더 오랫동안 지속되었다. 따라서 근육비대의 치료에 있어 보툴리눔 독소 B형이 A형보다 보다 더 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.93-98
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• 2012

Botulinum toxins are the most potent toxins known to mankind. Botulinum toxin acts by blocking the cholinergic neuromuscular or the cholinergic autonomic innervation of exocrine glands and smooth muscles. Seven distinct antigenic botulinum toxins (A, B, C, D, E, F and G) produced by different strains of Clostridium botulinum have been described and only A and B type of botulinum toxins were clinically used. Toxins were consisted of a heavy chain with a molecular weight of 100 kD and a light chain with a molecular weight of 50 kD. Toxins are bound with an astounding selectivity to glycoprotein structures located on the cholinergic nerve terminal. Subsequently light chain of toxin is internalized and cleaves different proteins of the acetylcholine transport protein cascade transporting the acetylcholine vesicle from the intracellular space into the synaptic cleft. After a decade of therapeutic application of the toxin, no anaphylaxis or deaths have been reported and systemic adverse effects have not been reported so far. However the toxin's immunologic properties can lead to the stimulation of antibody production, potentially rendering further treatments ineffective. Botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment. Use of botulinum toxin in clinical medicine has grown exponentially in recent years, and many parts of the human body are now being targeted for therapeutic purposes.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.516-527
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• 2024

Rapid, early, accurate detection and identification of the various pathogenic agents associated with the development of biological weapons is critical in preventing loss of life and limiting the impact of these organisms when used against civilian or military targets. The aim of this study was to produce a system for the simple, rapid, accurate and simultaneous detection and identification of Ricin, Botulinum toxin B and Staphylococcal enterotoxin B as a proof of principle for developing field appropriate reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification systems for the accurate identification of potential biological threats. These systems were designed to facilitate the identification of potential threats even in remote or resource-limited locations.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.469-474
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• 2009

Purpose: A lower facial contouring surgery has become a commonly performed procedure in Asia. Currently, mandibular angle sagittal ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment are main procedures for aesthetic correction of a broad lower face. There are a few date to show the differences in the mandibular contouring changes between mandibular angle splitting ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment. Facial golden mask is easy to apply, inexpensive, and relatively objective for evaluation of facial contour analysis. This study was designed specifically to compare the changes in lower face width after two different forms of lower facial contouring procedure using facial golden mask. Methods: Seventeen patients, aged 18 to 55 years (mean, 28.6 years), 15 women and 2 men, consented to the study and receive a contouring procedure of lower face. The patients were classified in to 2 groups. In group A, the sample consisted of 10 patients with a prominent squared mandibular angle and mandibular angle splitting ostectomy was performed. In group B, the sample consisted of 7 patients with masseteric hypertrophy and botulinum toxin type A treatment was performed. Photographs of the face were taken to record the facial change at preoperative and postoperative. The postoperative photographs were taken to considered maximal effect at 2 years after surgery in group A and 4.8 months after treatment in group B. The authors applied the facial golden mask to preoperative and postoperative photographs and horizontal ratio, which compares facial width with golden mask width, were calculated. We made an analysis of the result of horizontal ratio using SPSS. Results: Overall average horizontal ratio of pre- and postoperative photos of group A were 1.24 and 1.11, whereas overall average horizontal ratio of pre- and postoperative photos of group B were 1.19 and 1.12. The horizontal ratio decreased 10.24% in group A and 5.93% in group B. There was a statistically significant change in before and after treatment, but there was no significant change in comparing the group A and group B. Conclusions: The result from this study suggest that mandibular angle sagittal ostectomy and botulinum toxin type A treatment showed relatively satisfactory clinical effects on lower facial contouring treatment. There was no statistical significant difference within two lower facial contouring treatment. Facial golden mask is easy to apply, inexpensive, and relatively objective, so we think that facial golden mask is a good method for evaluation of lower facial contouring treatment.